Appendices

Appendix A:Site PlanAppendix B:Logs of BoringSec. B-1 Legend to Logs of BoringSec. B-2 Logs of BoringAppendix C: Field Test ResultsN/AAppendix D:Laboratory TestingSec.D-1Grading Curves, Atterberg Limits & Soil ClassificationSec.D-2Moisture Content Test ResultsSec.D-3Point Load Strength Index Test of RockSec.D-5Chemical Test Results

Appendix E: RECOMMENDATION FOR CONCRETE

Appendix ASite Plan

Appendix BLogs of Boring

Appendix B, Sec. B-1Legend to Logs of Boring

Soil and Rock Strength Definition

Granular soils-Relative Density (BS 5930:1999) Cohesive soils Consistence (BS 5930:1999)Relative Density ClassificationSPT 'N' Value

Very Loose50

Consistency of ClayUndrained Shear Strength kN/m2

Very Soft150

TermField recognitionCu(MPa)Point Load Strength(MPa)

Extremely StrongRocks Ring on hammer blows. Sparks fly>200>12

Very StrongLumps only chip by heavy hammer blows. Dull ringing sound100-2006-12

StrongLumps or core broken by heavy hammer blow50-1003-6

Moderately StrongLump or core broken by light hammer blow12.5-500.75-3

Moderately weakThin slabs broken by heavy hand pressure5-12.50.3-0.75

WeakThin slabs break easily in hand1.25-50.075-0.3

Very WeakCrumbles in hand400

Ref: Braja M. Das Principal of Foundation Engineering 3rd Edition, PWS Publishing, Page 89

Appendix B, Sec. B-2Logs of Boring

Appendix CField Test Results

Appendix DLaboratory Testing

Appendix D, Sec.D-1Grading Curves, Atterberg Limits & Soil Classification

Appendix D, Sec.D-2Moisture Content Test Results

Appendix D, Sec.D-3Point Load Strength Index Test of Rock

Appendix D, Sec.D-4Chemical Test Results

Appendix ERECOMMENDATION FOR CONCRETE

The following points must be taken into consideration as general notes, guides in conjunction with the Chemical Conditions and recommendations included in this report. 1) RECOMMENDED CEMENT TYPES

In practice, the use of proper cement type in the foundation should take into consideration the sulphate and chloride contents encountered. However, one of the usual reasons for using other than Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is to reduce the effects of chemical attack on the concrete.Since the following concepts play a crucial role in cement reactions. It is felt necessary to explain them with respect to CIRIA special publication 31 (CIRIA guide to concrete construction in the gulf region). Tricalcium Aluminate (CA) is the component of the cement, which reacts with sulphates and expands. CA (with high content) reacts with sulphates and causes undesirable expansion in concrete, while it reacts with chloride to avoid the Expected chloride attack on reinforcement.

Thus, Sulphate-Resisting Portland Cement (SRC) contains less CA than OPC to reduce the effect of the reaction between CA and sulphate. However, CA can also combine with chlorides, which might otherwise cause reinforcement to rust, and current research grounds increasing concern that where sulphates and chlorides occur together, the use of sulphate-resisting cement may be inadvisable. Sulphate-resisting cement do not make concrete immune from sulphate attack, but only make it better able to withstand moderate concentrations of sulphates.Based on the above, CIRIA has concluded that the use of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is safer in case of: Higher contents of both sulphates and chlorides are occurring together so as to satisfy a balance in aforementioned behaviors. Higher contents of chlorides and lower contents of sulphates are available. Admixtures are preferable also to be used here to avoid or decrease the possibility of chlorides (with high contents) attacking the reinforcement.Otherwise, it is recommended that the use of Sulphate-Resisting Pertained Cements (SRC) is safe when: Lower contents of both sulphates and chlorides are occurring together. Higher contents of sulphates and lower contents of chlorides are present.

2) ACCEPTANCE LIMITS OF CHLORIDES & SULPHATES

Chlorides: As per BS:3148: 1980: Recommended limiting values for total chloride (presence of chlorides in the mixing water or other sources in concrete) by weight of cement in different types of concrete are included in 6.3.8 of CP 110:Part 1:1972. As a guide, the chloride content of the water should generally not exceeded 500 mg of chloride per liter (i.e., 0.5 g/l).

Sulphates: as per BS:3148: 1980: a general guide to the acceptability of sulphates in mixing water is that the sulphate content should not be exceed 100mg of sulphur trioxide per litre (i.e., 1.0 g/l).BRE digest 250 and CP 110 grade soils and groundwater in five levels of sulphate concentration: 0.2% total sulphate or 1.0 g/l in 2.1 soil water extract is considered significiant.

REFERENCES

1) Braja M. Das Principles of foundation Engineering Third Edition PWS Publising Company2) Joseph E BowlesFoundation Analysis and Design Fourth Edition Mc Graw Hill International Edition3) Joseph E BowlesPhysical and Geotechnical Properties of soils Second Edition Mc Graw Hill International Edition4) MJ TomlinsonFoundation Design and Construction Fifth Edition Longman Scientific & Technical5) Hsai Yang PangFoundation Engineering Handbook Second Edition Van Nostrand Reinhold6) BS 5930:1999Code of Practice for Site Investigation

7) QAP-06-App. CSite investigation Issue 6/ Rev.0

8) CIRIA Publication-31Guide to Concrete Construction in the Gulf Region

Project No. ATGP-15-001 Geotechnical Investigation, GSM # 1376 Sharjah Ramla-Halwan Appendices