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APPENDICES
A List of International Authors, Contributors, and Reviewers
8 Major Acronyms and Abbreviations
c Chemical Formulae and Nomenclature
Daniel L. Albritton
Robert T. Watson
Piet J. Aucamp
Susan Solomon
F. Sherwood Rowland
APPENDIX A
LIST OF INTERNATIONAL AUTHORS,
CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Co-cHAIRS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado
Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, D.C.
Department of National Health, Pretoria
AuTHORS AND CoNTRIBUTORS
COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT OZONE
Coordinators
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
University of California at Irvine
P ART1. OBSERVED CHANG ES IN OZONE AND SOURCE G ASES
CHAPTER 1: OZONE MEASUREMENTS
Neil R.P. Harris
Gerard Ancellet
Lane Bishop
David J. Hofmann
James B. Kerr
Richard D. McPeters
M. Margarita Prendez
William J. Randel
Johannes Staehelin
B.H. Subbaraya
Andreas Volz-Thomas
Joseph M. Zawodny
Christos S. Zerefos
Marc Allaart
James K. Angell
Chapter Lead Author
European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
Co-authors
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Allied Signal, Inc.
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
Atmospheric Environment Service
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Universidad de Chile
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich
Physical Research Laboratory
Forschungszentrum Jiilich
NASA Langley Research Center
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Contributors
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
A. I
us
us
South Africa
us
us
UK
France
us
us
Canada
us
Chile
us
Switzerland
India
Germany
us
Greece
The Netherlands
us
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Rumen D. Bojkov
Kenneth P. Bowman
G.J.R. Coetzee
Malgorzata Deg6rska
John J. DeLuisi
Dirk De Muer
Terry Deshler
Lucien Froidevaux
Reinhard Furrer
Brian G. Gardiner
Hartwig Gernandt
James F. Gleason
Ulrich Gorsdorf
Kjell Henriksen
Ernest Hilsenrath
Stacey M. Hollandsworth
0ystein Hov
Rennie Kelder
Volker Kirchhoff
Ulf Kohler
Walter D. Kornhyr
Janusz W. Krzyscin
Zenobia Litynska
Jennifer A. Logan
Pak Sum Low
W. Andrew Matthews
A.J. Miller
Samuel J. Oltmans
Walter G. Planet
J.-P. Pommereau
Hans-Eckhart Scheel
Jonathan D. Shanklin
Paula Ski'ivankova
Herman Smit
Joe W. Waters
Peter Winkler
Eugenio Sanhueza
Paul J. Fraser
Rudi J. Zander
World Meteorological Organization
Texas A&M University
Weather Bureau
Polish Academy of Sciences
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
Institut Royal Meteorologique de Belgique
University of Wyoming
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Freie Universitat Berlin
British Antarctic Survey
Alfred Wegener Institut
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Deutscher Wetterdienst
University of Troms0
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Applied Research Corporation
Universitetet I Bergen
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Deutscher Wetterdienst
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
Polish Academy of Sciences
Centre of Aerology
Harvard University
United Nations Environment Programme Ozone Secretariat
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
NOAA National Meteorological Center
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NESDIS
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Fraunhofer Institut fiir Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung
British Antarctic Survey
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
Forschungszentrum Jlilich
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Deutscher Wetterdienst
CHAPTER 2: SOURCE GASES: TRENDS AND BUDGETS
Chapter Lead Author
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
Co-authors
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
University of Liege
A.2
Switzerland
us
South Africa
Poland
us
Belgium
us
us
Germany
UK
Germany
us
Germany
Norway
us
us
Norway
The Netherlands
Brazil
Germany
us
Poland
Poland
us
Kenya
New Zealand
us
us
us
France
Germany
UK
Czech Republic
Germany
us
Germany
Venezuela
Australia
Belgium
Fred N. Alyea
Meinrat 0. Andreae
James H. Butler
Derek N. Cunnold
J. Dignon
Ed Dlugokencky
Dieter H. Ehhalt
James W. Elkins
D. Etheridge
David W. Fahey
Donald A. Fisher
Jack A. Kaye
M.A.K. Khalil
Paulette Middleton
Paul C. Novelli
Joyce Penner
Michael J. Prather
Ronald G. Prinn
William S. Reeburgh
J. Rudolph
P. Simmonds
L. Paul Steele
Michael Trainer
Ray F. Weiss
Donald J. Wuebbles
David W. Fahey
Geir Braathen
Daniel Cariolle
Yutaka Kondo
W. Andrew Matthews
Mario J. Molina
John A. Pyle
Richard B. Rood
James M. Russell III
Ulrich Schmidt
Darin W. Toohey
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Contributors
Georgia Institute of Technology
Max-Planck-Institut fi.ir Chemie
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
Georgia Institute of Technology
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
Forschungszentrum Jiilich
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology
Science and Policy Associates, Inc.
University of Colorado
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
University of California at Irvine
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of California at Irvine
Forschungszentrum Jiilich
University of Bristol
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of Illinois
PART 2. ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE OBSERVED CHANG ES IN OZONE
CHAPTER 3: POLAR OZONE
Chapter Lead Author
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Co-authors
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning
Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques
Nagoya University
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Cambridge
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
NASA Langley Research Center
Forschungszentrum Jiilich
University of California at Irvine
A.3
us
Germany
us
us
us
us
Germany
us
Australia
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
Germany
UK
Australia
us
us
us
us
Norway
France
Japan
New Zealand
us
UK
us
us
Germany
us
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Joe W. Waters
Christopher Webster
Steven C. Wofsy
Terry Deshler
James E. Dye
T. Duncan A. Fairlie
William L. Grose
Gloria L. Manney
Paul A. Newman
Alan R. O'Neill
R. Bradley Pierce
William J. Randel
Aidan E. Roche
Charles R. Trepte
Roderic L. Jones
Linnea M. Avallone
Lucien Froidevaux
Sophie Godin
L.J. Gray
Stefan Kinne
Michael E. Mcintyre
Paul A. Newman
R. Alan Plumb
John A. Pyle
James M. Russell III
Margaret A. Tolbert
Ralf Toumi
Adrian F. Tuck
Paul Wennberg
Richard P. Cebula
Sushi! Chandra
Eric L. Fleming
Lawrence E. Flynn
Stacey M. Hollandsworth
Charles H. Jackman
Lamont R. Poole
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Harvard University
Contributors
University of Wyoming
N a tiona! Center for Atmospheric Research
NASA Langley Research Center
NASA Langley Research Center
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
University of Reading
NASA Langley Research Center
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Lockheed Corporation
NASA Langley Research Center
CHAPTER 4: TROPICAL AND MID LATITUDE OZONE
Chapter Lead Author
University of Cambridge
Co-authors
University of California at Irvine
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
NASA Ames Research Center
University of Cambridge
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Cambridge
NASA Langley Research Center
University of Colorado
University of Cambridge
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Harvard University
Contributors
Hughes STX
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Applied Research Corporation
Software Corporation of America
Applied Research Corporation
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
NASA Langley Research Center
A.4
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
UK
us
us
us
us
UK
us
us
France
UK
us
UK
us
us
UK
us
us
UK
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Andreas Volz-Thomas
Brian A. Ridley
Meinrat 0. Andreae
William L. Chameides
Richard G. Derwent
Ian E. Galbally
Jos Lelieveld
Stuart A. Penkett
Michael 0. Rodgers
Michael Trainer
Geraint Vaughan
Xiu Ji Zhou
Elliot Atlas
Carl Brenninkmeijer
Dieter H. Ehhalt
Jack Fishman
Frank Flocke
Daniel J. Jacob
Joseph M. Prospera
Franz Rohrer
Rainer Schmitt
Herman G.J. Smit
Anne M. Thompson
CHAPTER 5: TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
Chapter Lead Authors
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Co-authors
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
Georgia Institute of Technology
UK Meteorological Office
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
Wageningen University
University of East Anglia
Georgia Institute of Technology
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
University of Wales
Academy of Meteorological Science
Contributors
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
NASA Langley Research Center
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
Harvard University
University of Florida
Forschungszentrum Jiilich
Meteorologie Consult GmbH
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
PART 3. MODE L SIMULATIONS OF G LOBA L OZONE
CHAPTER 6: MODEL SIMULATIONS OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
Malcolm K.W. Ko
Abdel M. Ibrahim
Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Charles H. Jackman
Franck Lerevre
Michael J. Prather
Philip J. Rasch
Ralf Toumi
Guido Visconti
Chapter Lead Author
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
Co-authors
Egyptian Meteorological Authority
Universitetet I Oslo
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques
University of California at Irvine
National Center for Atmospheric Research
University of Cambridge
Universita' degli Studi-l'Aquila
A.5
Germany
us
Germany
us
UK
Australia
The Netherlands
UK
us
us
UK
China
us
New Zealand
Germany
us
Germany
us
us
Germany
Germany
Germany
us
us
Egypt
Norway
us
France
us
us
UK
Italy
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Slimane Bekki
Guy P. Brasseur
Christoph Brtihl
Peter S. Connell
D. Considine
Paul J. Crutzen
E. Fleming
J. Gross
Linda Hunt
D. Kinnison
S. Palermi
Thomas Peter
Giovanni Pitari
Karen Sage
Tom Sasaki
Xue X. Tie
D. Weisenstein
Donald J. Wuebbles
Contributors
University of Cambridge
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Chemie
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Chemie
Applied Research Corporation
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
NASA Langley Research Center
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Universita' degli Studi-1' Aquila
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
Universita' degli Studi-l' Aquila
NASA Langley Research Center
Meteorological Research Institute
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
University of Illinois
CHAPTER 7: MODEL SIMULATIONS OF GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
Frode Stordal
Richard G. Derwent
Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Daniel J. Jacob
Maria Kanakidou
Jennifer A. Logan
Michael J. Prather
T. Berntsen
Guy P. Brasseur
Paul J. Crutzen
J.S. Fuglestvedt
D.A. Hauglustaine
Colin E. Johnson
K.S. Law
Jos Lelieveld
J. Richardson
M. Roemer
A. Strand
Donald J. Wuebbles
Chapter Lead Author
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning
Co-authors
UK Meteorological Office
Universitetet I Oslo
Harvard University
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Harvard University
University of California at Irvine
Contributors
Universitetet I Oslo
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
Center for International Climate and Energy Research
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
UK Meteorological Office/AEA Technology
University of Cambridge
Wageningen University
NASA Langley Research Center
TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences
Universitetet I Bergen
University of Illinois
A.6
UK
us
Germany
us
us
Germany
us
Germany
us
us
Italy
Germany
Italy
us
Japan
us
us
us
Norway
UK
Norway
us
France
us
us
Norway
us
Germany
Norway
France
UK
UK
The Netherlands
us
The Netherlands
Norway
us
Keith P. Shine
Karin Labitzke
V. Ramaswamy
Paul C. Simon
Susan Solomon
Wei-Chyung Wang
Christoph Briihl
J. Christy
Claire Granier
A.S. Grossman
James E. Hansen
D.A. Hauglustaine
Huiting Mao
A.J. Miller
S. Pinnock
M.D. Schwarzkopf
R. Van Dorland
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
PART 4. CONSEQUENCES OF OZONE CHANGE
CHAPTER 8: RADIATIVE FORCING AND TEMPERATURE TRENDS
Chapter Lead Author
University of Reading
Co-authors
Freie UniversiHit Berlin
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/Princeton University
Institut d' Aeronomic Spatiale de Belgique
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, SUNY
Contributors
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
University of Alabama in Huntsville
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique
Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, SUNY
NOAA National Meteorological Center
University of Reading
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
CHAPTER 9: SURFACE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
Chapter Lead Author
UK
Germany
us
Belgium
us
us
Germany
us
us
us
us
France
us
us
UK
us
The Netherlands
Richard L. McKenzie National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research New Zealand
M. Blumthaler
C.R. Booth
Susana B. Diaz
John E. Frederick
Tomoyuki Ito
Sasha Madronich
G. Seckmeyer
Sergio Cabrera
Mohammad Ilyas
James B. Kerr
Colin E. Roy
Paul C. Simon
David I. Wardle
Co-authors
University of lnnsbruck
Biospherical Instruments
Austral Center of Scientific Research (CADIC/CONICET)
University of Chicago
Japan Meteorological Agency
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Fraunhofer Institut fiir Atmospharische Umweltforschung
Contributors
Universidad de Chile
University of Science Malaysia
Atmospheric Environment Service
Australian Radiation Laboratory
Institut d' Aeronomic Spatiale de Belgique
Atmospheric Environment Service
A.7
Austria
us
Argentina
us
Japan
us
Germany
Chile
Malaysia
Canada
Australia
Belgium
Canada
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Stuart A. Penkett
James H. Butler
Michael J. Kurylo
C.E. Reeves
Jose M. Rodriguez
Hanwant B. Singh
Darin W. Toohey
Ray F. Weiss
Meinrat 0. Andreae
N.J. Blake
Ralph J. Cicerone
Tom Duafala
Amram Golombek
M.A.K. Khalil
Joel S. Levine
Mario J. Molina
Sue M. Schauffler
Andreas Wahner
Marvin A. Geller
Frank Arnold
William H. Brune
Daniel A. Cariolle
Anne R. Douglass
Colin E. Johnson
Dave H. Lister
John A. Pyle
Richard Ramaroson
David Rind
Franz Rohrer
Ulrich Schumann
Anne M. Thompson
PART 5. SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION FOR FUTURE DECISIONS
CHAPTER 1 0: METHY L BROMIDE
Chapter Lead Author
University of East Anglia
Co-authors
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
NASA Headquarters/NIST
University of East Anglia
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
NASA Ames Research Center
University of California at Irvine
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Contributors
Max-Planck-Institut fi.ir Chemie
University of California at Irvine
University of California at Irvine
Methyl Bromide Global Coalition
Israel Institute for Biological Research
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology
NASA Langley Research Center
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
National Center for Atmospheric Research
CHAPTER 11: SUBSONIC AND SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS
Chapter Lead Authors
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Co-authors
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Kernphysik
Pennsylvania State University
Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
UK Meteorological Office/AEA Technology
Defence Research Agency/Aerospace and Propulsion Department
University of Cambridge
Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Forschungszentrum Jiilich
DLR Institut fiir Physik der Atmosphare
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
A.8
UK
us
us
UK
us
us
us
us
Germany
us
us
us
Israel
us
us
us
us
Germany
us
Germany
us
France
us
UK
UK
UK
France
us
Germany
Germany
us
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
CHAPTER 1 2: ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION OF HALOCARBON SUBSTITUTES
R.A. Cox
Roger Atkinson
Geert K. Moortgat
A.R. Ravishankara
H. W. Sidebottom
G.D. Hayman
Carleton J. Howard
Maria Kanakidou
Stuart A. Penkett
Jose M. Rodriguez
Susan Solomon
Oliver Wild
Chapter Lead Author
National Environmental Research Council Headquarters
Co-authors
University of California at Riverside
Max-Planck-Institut fi.ir Chemie
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
University College, Dublin
Contributors
Harwell Laboratory/AEA Environment and Energy
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
University of East Anglia
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
University of Cambridge
CHAPTER 1 3: OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS,
AND FUTURE CHLORINE/BROMINE LOADING
Susan Solomon
Donald J. Wuebbles
Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Jeffrey T. Kiehl
Murari Lal
Paul C. Simon
Nien-Dak Sze
Daniel L. Albritton
Christoph Brtihl
Peter S. Connell
John S. Daniel
Donald A. Fisher
D. Hufford
Claire Granier
Shaw C. Liu
Ken Patten
S. Pinnock
Chapter Lead Authors
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
University of Illinois
Co-authors
Universitetet I Oslo
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Indian Institute of Technology
Institut d' Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
Contributors
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Max-Planck-Institut fi.ir Chemie
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES
E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
University of Reading
A.9
UK
us
Germany
us
Ireland
UK
us
France
UK
us
us
UK
us
us
Norway
us
India
Belgium
us
us
Germany
us
us
us
us
us
us
us
UK
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
V. Ramaswamy
Keith P. Shine
Guido Visconti
D. Weisenstein
Tom M.L. Wigley
Daniel L. Albritton
Gerard Ancellet
Meinrat 0. Andreae
Roger Atkinson
Piet J. Aucamp
Helmuth Bauer
Slimane Bekki
Tibor Berces
Lane Bishop
Donald R. Blake
G. Bodeker
Rumen D. Bojkov
Byron Boville
Guy P. Brasseur
Christoph Brtihl
William H. Brune
James H. Butler
Sergio Cabrera
Bruce A. Callander
Daniel A. Cariolle
William L. Chameides
Marie-Lise Chanin
Ralph J. Cicerone
R. A. Cox
Paul J. Crutzen
John S. Daniel
Frank Dentener
Susana B. Diaz
Russell Dickerson
Tom Duafala
Christine A. Ennis
David W. Fahey
Jack Fishman
P.M. de F. Forster
James Franklin
Paul J. Fraser
Lucien Froidevaux
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/Princeton University
University of Reading
Universita' degli Studi-1' Aquila
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
REVIEWERS
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Chernie
University of California at Riverside
Department of National Health
Forschungszentrum fiir Umwelt und Gesundheit
University of Cambridge
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Allied Signal, Inc.
University of California at Irvine
University of Natal/NIWA
World Meteorological Organization
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chernie
Pennsylvania State University
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
Universidad de Chile
UK Meteorological Office
Meteo-France, Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques
Georgia Institute of Technology
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
University of California at Irvine
National Environmental Research Council Headquarters
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES
Wageningen Agricultural University
Austral Center of Scientific Research (CADIC/CONICET)
University of Maryland
Methyl Bromide Global Coalition
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
NASA Langley Research Center
University of Reading
Solvay S.A.
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
A.JO
us
UK
Italy
us
us
us
France
Germany
us
South Africa
Germany
UK
Hungary
us
us
South Africa
Switzerland
us
us
Germany
us
us
Chile
UK
France
us
France
us
UK
Germany
us
The Netherlands
Argentina
us
us
us
us
us
UK
Belgium
Australia
us
Brian G. Gardiner
Marvin A. Geller
Amram Golombek
Thomas E. Graedel
Claire Granier
William B. Grant
Alexander Gruzdev
James E. Hansen
Neil R.P. Harris
Shiro Hatekeyama
Sachiko Hayashida
David J. Hofmann
James R. Holton
Lon L. Hood
Robert D. Hudson
Abdel M. Ibrahim
Mohammad Ilyas
lvar S.A. Isaksen
Tomoyuki Ito
Charles H. Jackman
Daniel J. Jacob
Harold S. Johnston
P.V. Johnston
Roderic L. Jones
Torben S. Jprgensen
Igor L. Karol
Prasad Kasibhatla
Jack A. Kaye
Rennie Kelder
James B. Kerr
M.A.K. Khalil
V yacheslav Khattatov
Volker Kirchhoff
Malcolm K.W. Ko
Antti Kulmala
Michael J. Kurylo
Murari Lal
G. LeBras
Yuan-Peru Lee
Jos Lelieveld
Robert Lesclaux
Joel Levy
J.B. Liley
Peter Liss
Nicole Louisnard
Pak Sum Low
Daniel Lubin
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
British Antarctic Survey
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Israel Institute for Biological Research
AT&T Bell Laboratories
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NASA Langley Research Center
Russian Academy of Sciences
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
National Institute for the Environment
Nara Women's University
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
University of Washington
University of Arizona
University of Maryland
Egyptian Meteorological Authority
University of Science Malaysia
Universitetet I Oslo
Japan Meteorological Agency
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Harvard University
University of California at Berkeley
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
University of Cambridge
Danish Meteorological Institute
A.I. Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory
Georgia Institute of Technology
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
Atmospheric Environment Service
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology
Central Aerological Observatory
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
World Meteorological Organization
NASA Headquarters/NIST
Indian Institute of Technology
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
National Tsing Hua University
Wageningen University
Universite de Bordeaux 1
NOAA Office of Global Programs
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
University of East Anglia
Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales
United Nations Environment Programme Ozone Secretariat
University of California at San Diego
A.ll
UK
us
Israel
us
us
us
Russia
us
UK
Japan
Japan
us
us
us
us
Egypt
Malaysia
Norway
Japan
us
us
us
New Zealand
UK
Denmark
Russia
us
us
The Netherlands
Canada
us
Russia
Brazil
us
Switzerland
us
India
France
Taiwan
The Netherlands
France
us
New Zealand
UK
France
Kenya
us
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Sasha Madronich
Jerry Mahlman
W. Andrew Matthews
Konrad Mauersberger
Archie McCulloch
Mack McFarland
Richard L. McKenzie
Gerard Megie
A.J. Miller
Igor Mokhov
Hideaki Nakane
Samuel J. Oltmans
Alan R. O'Neill
Michael Oppenheimer
Juan Carlos Pelaez
Stuart A. Penkett
Thomas Peter
Leon F. Phillips
Ken Pickering
Michel Pirre
Giovanni Pitari
Michael J. Prather
M. Margarita Prendez
John A. Pyle
Lian Xiong Qiu
V. Ramaswamy
William J. Randel
A.R. Ravishankara
Curtis P. Rinsland
Henning Rodhe
Jose M. Rodriguez
F. Sherwood Rowland
Jochen Rudolph
Nelson Sabogal
Ross Salawitch
Eugenio Sanhueza
Ulrich Schmidt
Keith P. Shine
Paul C. Simon
Susan Solomon
Johannes Staehelin
Knut Stamnes
Leopolda Stefanutti
Richard S. Stolarski
Frode Stordal
B.H. Subbaraya
Anne M. Thompson
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Kernphysik
ICI Chemicals and Polymers Limited
E.l. DuPont de Nemours and Company
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique
NOAA National Meteorological Center
Institute of Atmospheric Physics
National Institute for Environmental Studies
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
University of Reading
Environmental Defense Fund
Instituto de Meteorologia
University of East Anglia
Max-Planck-Institut fiir Chemie
University of Canterbury
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Universita' degli Studi-1' Aquila
University of California at Irvine
Universidad de Chile
University of Cambridge
Academia Sinica
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/Princeton University
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
NASA Langley Research Center
Stockholm University
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
University of California at Irvine
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
United Nations Environment Programme
Harvard University
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
University of Reading
Institut d' Aeronomic Spatiale de Belgique
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich
University of Alaska
Istituto di Riccrea sulle Onde Elettromagnetiche del CNR
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning
Physical Research Laboratory
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
A.l2
us
us
New Zealand
Germany
UK
us
New Zealand
France
us
Russia
Japan
us
UK
us
Cuba
UK
Germany
New Zealand
us
France
Italy
us
Chile
UK
China
us
us
us
us
Sweden
us
us
Germany
Kenya
us
Venezuela
Germany
UK
Belgium
us
Switzerland
us
Italy
us
Norway
India
us
Margaret A. Tolbert
Ralf Toumi
Karel Vanicek
Andreas Volz-Thomas
Andreas Wahner
David A. Warrilow
Robert T. Watson
E.C. Weatherhead
Ray F. Weiss
Howard Wesoky
Paul H. Wine
Donald J. Wuebbles
V ladimir Yushkov
Ahmed Zand
Reinhard Zellner
Christos Zerefos
Daniel L. Albritton
Meinrat 0. Andreae
Piet J. Aucamp
Helmuth Bauer
Lane Bishop
Rumen D. Bojkov
Byron Boville
Guy P. Brasseur
William H. Brune
Bruce A. Callander
Marie-Lise Chanin
Ralph J. Cicerone
R. A. Cox
Paul J. Crutzen
John S. Daniel
Susana B. Diaz
Tom Duafala
Christine A. Ennis
David W. Fahey
Paul J. Fraser
Marvin A. Geller
Arnram Golombek
Neil R.P. Harris
Sachiko Hayashida
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
University of Colorado
University of Cambridge
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
Forschungszentrum Jtilich
UK Department of the Environment
Office of Science and Technology Policy
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Georgia Institute of Technology
University of Illinois
Central Aerological Observatory
Tehran University
Universitat Gesamthochschule Essen
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
OzoNE PEER-REVIEW MEETING
Les Diablerets, Switzerland
July 18-22, 1994
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Chemie
Department of National Health
Forschungszentrum flir Umwelt und Gesundheit
Allied Signal, Inc.
World Meteorological Organization
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Pennsylvania State University
UK Meteorological Office
Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique
University of California at Irvine
National Environmental Research Council Headquarters
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Chemie
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES
Austral Center of Scientific Research (CADIC/CONICET)
Methyl Bromide Global Coalition
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Israel Institute for Biological Research
European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
Nara Women's University
A.13
us
UK
Czech Republic
Germany
Germany
UK
us
us
us
us
us
us
Russia
Iran
Germany
Greece
us
Germany
South Africa
Germany
us
Switzerland
us
us
us
UK
France
us
UK
Germany
us
Argentina
us
us
us
Australia
us
Israel
UK
Japan
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
David J. Hofmann
James R. Holton
Abdel M. Ibrahim
Mohammad Ilyas
Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Tomoyuki Ito
Charles H. Jackman
Daniel J. Jacob
Roderic L. Jones
Igor L. Karol
Hennie Kelder
James B. Kerr
M.A.K. Khalil
Malcolm K.W. Ko
Antti Kulmala
Michael J. Kurylo
Murari Lal
Joel Levy
Pak Sum Low
Sasha Madronich
W. Andrew Matthews
Konrad Mauersberger
Mack McFarland
Richard L. McKenzie
Gerard Megie
Hideaki Nakane
Samuel J. Oltmans
Alan R. O'Neill
Michael Oppenheimer
Juan Carlos Pelaez
Stuart A. Penkett
Michael J. Prather
M. Margarita Prendez
Lian Xiong Qiu
V. Ramaswamy
A.R. Ravishankara
F. Sherwood Rowland
Nelson Sabogal
Eugenio Sanhueza
Keith P. Shine
Paul C. Simon
Susan Solomon
Johannes Staehelin
Richard S. Stolarski
Frode Stordal
B.H. Subbaraya
Margaret A. Tolbert
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
University of Washington
Egyptian Meteorological Authority
University of Science Malaysia
Universitetet I Oslo
Japan Meteorological Agency
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Harvard University
University of Cambridge
A.I. Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
Atmospheric Environment Service
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.
World Meteorological Organization
NASA Headquarters/NIST
Indian Institute of Technology
NOAA Office of Global Programs
United Nations Environment Programme Ozone Secretariat
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Kernphysik
E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
National Institute for Environmental Studies
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
University of Reading
Environmental Defense Fund
Instituto de Meteorologia
University of East Anglia
University of California at Irvine
Universidad de Chile
Academia Sinica
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/Princeton University
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
University of California at Irvine
United Nations Environment Programme
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas
University of Reading
Institut d' Aeronornie Spatiale de Belgique
NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning
Physical Research Laboratory
University of Colorado
A.J4
us
us
Egypt
Malaysia
Norway
Japan
us
us
UK
Russia
The Netherlands
Canada
us
us
Switzerland
us
India
us
Kenya
us
New Zealand
Germany
us
New Zealand
France
Japan
us
UK
us
Cuba
UK
us
Chile
China
us
us
us
Kenya
Venezuela
UK
Belgium
us
Switzerland
us
Norway
India
us
AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
Andreas Volz-Thomas Forschungszentrum Jtilich
Andreas Wahner Forschungszentrum Jtilich
David A. Warrilow UK Department of the Environment
Robert T. Watson Office of Science and Technology Policy
Ray F. Weiss Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Donald J. Wuebbles University of Illinois
V ladimir Yushkov
Ahmed Zand
Christos Zerefos
Central Aero logical Observatory
Tehran University
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Sponsoring Organizations Liaisons
Rumen D. Bojkov World Meteorological Organization Switzerland
K.M. Sarma United Nations Environment Programme Kenya
Daniel L. Albritton National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US
Michael J. Kurylo National Aeronautics and Space Administration US
Coordinating Editor
Christine A. Ennis NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US
Editorial Staff
Jeanne S. Waters NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US
Publication Design and Layout
University of Colorado at Boulder Publications Service:
Elizabeth C. Johnston
Patricia L. Jensen
Andrew S. Knoedler
Conference Coordination and Documentation
Rumen D. Bojkov World Meteorological Organization Switzerland
Marie-Christine Charriere World Meteorological Organization France
Christine A. Ennis NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory/CIRES US
Jeanne S. Waters NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory US
Conference Support
Flo M. Ormond Birch and Davis Associates, Inc. US
Kathy A. Wolfe Computer Sciences Corporation US
A.l5
Germany
Germany
UK
us
us
us
Russia
Iran
Greece
APPENDIX B
MAJOR AcRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONs
AAOE
AASE
ABLE 2A
ABLE 3B
AEA
AER
AERONOX
AESA
AFEAS
AGU
AGWP
AL
ALE/GAGE
AN CAT
ASL
ATLAS
ATMOS
BEF
BLP
BM
CADIC/COCINET
CCMS
CCN
CEC
CHEMRAWN
CFC
CIAB
ClAP
CIRES
CITE
CLAES
CLP
CMDL
CN
CNRM
CNRS
CSIRO
CTM
Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment
Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 2A
Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3B
Atomic Energy Authority (United Kingdom)
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (United States)
Impact of NOx Emissions from Aircraft upon the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft
Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study
American Geophysical Union
Absolute Global Warming Potential
Aeronomy Laboratory (NOAA)
Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment/Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
Abatement of Nuisance Caused by Air Traffic
above sea level
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy
Bromine Efficiency Factor
Bromine Loading Potential
Brewer-Mast (ozonesonde)
Austral Center of Scientific Research/National Council of Scientific and Technological
Research (Argentina)
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
cloud condensation nuclei
Commission of the European Communities
Chemical Research Applied to World Needs
chlorofluorocarbon
Coal Industry Advisory Board
Climatic Impact Assessment Program
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (United States)
Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation
Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer
Chlorine Loading Potential
Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA)
condensation nuclei
Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (France)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia)
chemistry transport model
B.l
ACRONYMS
DIAL
DNA
DoY
DU
EASOE
ECAC
ECC
ECMWF
EESC
EI
EMEP MSC-W
EMEX
ENSO
EPA
ESA
ETBL
ETCL
FDH
FTIR
GAGE
GCM
GFDL
GISS
GIT
GMT
GSFC
GWP
HALOE
HC
HCFC
HFC
HSCT
HSRP
ICAO
lEA
liT
INPE
IOTP
IPCC
IR
ISAMS
IUPAC
IVIC
Differential Absorption Laser
deoxyribonucleic acid
Day-of-Year
Dobson unit
European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Expedition
European Civil Aviation Conference
electrochemical concentration cell ( ozonesonde)
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (United Kingdom)
equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine
Emissions Index
European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, Meteorological Synthesizing Centre- West
Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Environmental Protection Agency (United States)
European Space Agency
equivalent tropospheric bromine loading
equivalent tropospheric chlorine loading
Fixed Dynamical Heating
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
general circulation model
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA)
Goddard Institute for Space Studies (United States)
Georgia Institute of Technology (United States)
Greenwich Mean Time
Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)
Global Warming Potential
Halogen Occultation Experiment
hydrocarbon
hydrochlorofluorocarbon
hydro fluorocarbon
High Speed Civil Transport
High Speed Research Program
International Civil Aviation Organization
International Energy Agency
Indian Institute of Technology
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil)
International Ozone Trends Panel
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
infrared
Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (Venezuela)
B.2
JPL
KNMI
LIMS
LLNL
LRC
LTO
MIPAS
MLOPEX
MLS
MOZAIC
MPI
MPIA
MPIC
MRI
MSU
NACNEMS
NAD
NASA
NAT
NCAR
NCSU
NESDIS
NH
NILU
NIR
NIST
NIWA
NMC
NMHC
NOAA
NPP
NRC
NSF
NY U
ODP
ODW
OECD
OSE
OTP
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology; United States)
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (United States)
Langley Research Center (NASA)
Landingffake-Off cycle
Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmosphere Sounder
Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment
Microwave Limb Sounder
Measurement of Ozone on Airbus In-service Aircraft
Max-Planck-Institute (Germany)
Max-Planck-Institute for Aeronomy (Germany)
Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry (Germany)
Meteorological Research Institute (Japan)
Microwave Sounder Unit
North American Cooperative Network of Enhanced Measurement Sites
nitric acid dihydrate
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States)
nitric acid trihydrate
National Center for Atmospheric Research (United States)
North Carolina State University (United States)
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA)
Northern Hemisphere
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (Oslo)
near infrared
National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly NBS; United States)
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd. (New Zealand)
National Meteorological Center (United States)
non-methane hydrocarbon
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States)
net primary productivity
National Research Council (United States)
National Science Foundation (United States)
New York University (United States)
Ozone Depletion Potential
Ozone Data for the World
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Paris)
ozonesonde instrument used in former East Germany; similar to Brewer-Mast
Ozone Trends Panel
B.3
ACRONYMS
ACRONYMS
PAN
PBL
PFCs
POLIN AT
ppbm
ppbv
ppmv
pptv
PSCs
PV
QBO
RAF
RB
SAGE
SAM II
SAMS
SAOZ
SAT
SBUV
SH
SOS/SONIA
SPADE
SPEs
SSA
SSBUV
STE
STEP
STP
STRATOZ
SUNY
SUSIM
SZA
TFA
TIROS
TNO
TOMS
TOR
TOYS
TROPOZ II
peroxyacetyl nitrate
planetary boundary layer
perfl uorocarbons
Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor
parts per billion by mass
parts per billion by volume
parts per million by volume
parts per trillion by volume
polar stratospheric clouds
potential vorticity
quasi-biennial oscillation
Radiation Amplification Factor
Robertson-Berger (UV irradiance meter)
Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment
Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement
Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder
Systeme d' Analyse par Observation Zenithale
sulfuric acid tetrahydrate
Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet spectrometer
Southern Hemisphere
Southern Oxidants Study/Southeast Oxidant and Nitrogen Intensive Analysis
Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition
solar proton events
stratospheric sulfuric acid aerosol
Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet spectrometer
stratosphere-troposphere exchange
Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project
standard temperature and pressure
Stratospheric Ozone expedition
State University of New York (United States)
Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor
solar zenith angle
trifluoroacetic acid
Television and Infrared Observation Satellite
Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
Tropospheric Ozone Research
TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
Tropospheric Ozone II expedition
B.4
UARS
UCI
UEA
UKMO
UNEP
uv
UV-A
UV-B
voc
WCRP
W MO
W ODC
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
University of California at Irvine (United States)
University of East Anglia (United Kingdom)
United Kingdom Meteorological Office
United Nations Environment Programme
ultraviolet
ultraviolet-A
ultraviolet-B
volatile organic compound
World Climate Research Programme
World Meteorological Organization
World Ozone Data Center
B.5
ACRONYMS
APPENDIX C
CHEMICAL FoRMULAE AND NoMENCLATURE
HALOGEN-CONTAINING SPECIES
Cl atomic chlorine
ClO chlorine monoxide
OClO chlorine dioxide
Cl202 dichlorine peroxide (ClO dimer)
ClONO chlorine nitrite
ClON02 chlorine nitrate
HCl hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid)
HOCl hypochlorous acid
F atomic fluorine
FO fluorine monoxide
HF hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid)
SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
HA LOCARBONS
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
CFC-10 CCl4
CFC-11 CCl3F
CFC-12 CCl2F2
CFC-13 CClF3
CFC-14 CF4
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2
CFC-114 CClF2CClF2
CFC-115 CClF2CF3
CFC-116 CF3CF3
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
HFC-23 CHF3
HFC-32 CH2F2
HFC-41 CH3F
HFC-125 CHF2CF3
HFC-134 CHF2CHF2
HFC-134a CH2FCF3
HFC-143 CHF2CH2F
HFC-143a CH3CF3
C.l
Br
BrO
BrN02
BrON02
HBr
HOBr
I
IO
HI
ION02
atomic bromine
bromine monoxide
bromine nitrite
bromine nitrate
hydrogen bromide
hypobromous acid
atomic iodine
iodine monoxide
hydrogen iodide
iodine nitrate
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
HCFC-21
HCFC-22
HCFC-30
HCFC-40
HCFC-123
HCFC-124
HCFC-141b
HCFC-142b
HCFC-225ca
HCFC-225cb
HFC-152a
HFC-227ea
HFC-236cb
HFC-236ea
HFC-236fa
HFC-245ca
HFC-43-lOmee
CHCl2F
CHF2Cl
CH2Cl2
CH3Cl
CF3CHCl2
CF3CHFCl
CFCl2CH3
CF2ClCH3
CF3CF2CHCl2
CF2ClCF2CHFCl
CH3CHF2
CF3CHFCF3
CF3CF2CH2F
CF3CHFCHF2
CF3CH2CF3
CHF2CF2CFH2
CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3
CHEMICAL FORMULAE
Halons
halon-1211
halon-1301
halon-2402
Others
CH3Cl
CH2Cl2
CHCl3
CCl4
CH3CCl3
C2HCl3
C2Cl4
COCl2
CF4
C2F6 C3Fs
c-C4F8
C6F14
CHF3
TFA
CHClBr2
CF3Br
CH2Cll
CF3I
C2F5I
CF2ClBr
CF3Br
C2F4Br2
methyl chloride
methylene chloride, dichloromethane
chloroform, trichloromethane
carbon tetrachloride
methyl chloroform
trichloroethylene
tetrachloroethylene
phosgene, carbonyl chloride
perfluoromethane
perfluoroethane
perfluoropropane
perfluorocyclobutane
perfluorohexane
fluoroform, trifluoromethane
trifluoroacetic acid (CF3C(O)OH)
dibromochloromethane
trifluorobromomethane (halon-130 1)
chloroiodomethane
trifluoromethyl iodide
iodopentafluoroethane
CH3Br
CH2Br2
CHBr3
C2H4Br2
COFCl
OTHER CHEMICAL SPECIES
atomic oxygen
molecular oxygen
ozone
atomic oxygen (first excited state)
odd oxygen (0, O(ID), 03)
C.2
H
H2
OH
H02
H20
H202
HOx
methyl bromide
methylene bromide, dibromomethane
bromoform, tribromomethane
ethylene dibromide;
1,2 dibromoethane
methyl iodide
fluorophosgene
atomic hydrogen
molecular hydrogen
hydroxyl radical
hydroperoxyl radical
water
hydrogen peroxide
odd hydrogen (H, OH, H02, H202)
CHEMICA L FORMU LAE
N atomic nitrogen H02NOz peroxynitric acid
Nz molecular nitrogen ROON02 peroxynitrates
NzO nitrous oxide PAN peroxyacetylnitrate
NO nitric oxide (CH3C(O)OON02)
NOz nitrogen dioxide NOy odd nitrogen (usually including
N03 nitrogen trioxide, nitrate radical NO, N02, N03, N205, ClON02,
N205 dinitrogen pentoxide HN04, HN03)
ClON02 chlorine nitrate NOx oxides of nitrogen (NO + NOz)
HN02,HONO nitrous acid NAD nitric acid dihydrate
HN03 nitric acid (HN03·2H20)
RON02 alkyl nitrates NAT nitric acid trihydrate
N03- nitrate ion (HN03·3H20)
s atomic sulfur SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
SOz sulfur dioxide CSz carbon disulfide
SOx sulfur oxides COS, OCS carbonyl sulfide
HzS04 sulfuric acid
SAT sulfuric acid tetrahydrate
(H2S04-4H20)
so4= sulfate ion
Be beryllium Kr krypton
Pb lead Rn radon
Sr strontium
c carbon
co carbon monoxide
C02 carbon dioxide
HC hydrocarbon CH20 formaldehyde
NMHC non-methane hydrocarbon CH30H methanol
voc volatile organic compound RO alkoxy radicals
CH4 methane CH300H methyl hydroperoxide
CzH6 ethane CH3COO methyl peroxy radical
C3Hs propane ROz organic peroxy radical
CzH4 ethylene, ethene CH3C(O)OO acetyl peroxy radical
C2H2 acetylene, ethyne
CsHs isoprene (2-methyl 1,3 butadiene)
C6H6 benzene
CFCs chlorofluorocarbons *
HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons *
HFCs hydrofluorocarbons *
* Family of compounds; see above for individual species
C.3
-i:J: U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1995 - 674-332 / M 3194 REGION NO. 8
World Meteorological Organization
Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project- Report No. 37
SciENTIFIC AssESSMENT oF
OzoNE DEPLETION: 1994
