APP203853 Giant willow aphid BCA Submissions · During this period we spray (Mavrik Aquaflo) over the willow species - early morning so as to have the least effect on bees. The cost

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APP203853 Giant willow aphid BCA Submissions

17 September 2019

Under section 34 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996

Volume 1 of 3

To import and release of the parasitoid wasp, Pauesia nigrovaria, as a biological

control agent for the pest, the giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus)

Submission Number Submitter Submitter Organisation

SUBMISSION127521 Clinton Care

SUBMISSION127522 Davor Bejakovich

Greater Wellington Regional

Council

SUBMISSION127527 Peter Dacy

SUBMISSION127529 Rod Hitchmough Department of Conservation - National Head Office

SUBMISSION127602 Helen McKenzie

SUBMISSION127603 Steve Pivac Tall Tree Company and Associates

SUBMISSION127604 Kim Poynter Bush Haven Farm

SUBMISSION127605 Tracey Friend

SUBMISSION127606 Brendan Davis

SUBMISSION127607 Eric Appleton Appletons Tree Nursery

SUBMISSION127610 Juliette Curry West Coast Regional Council

SUBMISSION127611 Phil Kitchin Morea Partnership

SUBMISSION127612 Bruce Wills Trelinnoe Limited

SUBMISSION127613 Charlotte Lee-Smith Apiculture New Zealand Science and Research Focus Group

SUBMISSION127614 Julie Carle Bruce Fawcett Ltd

SUBMISSION127615 Jim Carle JB Carle & Associates

From: Microsoft Authenticator [mailto:[email protected] Sent: Tuesday, 6 August 2019 8:41 PM

To: Diane Totton

Subject: Re: APP203853 Application Open for Submissions. Giant willow Aphid BCA

Hi Diane,

Careful ! What if Pauesia nigrovaria, switch to parasite one of native hoppers or insects or Red

Admiral butterfly pupaes ???

Yours Sincerely

Clinton Care.

i

SUBMISSION 127521

Once you have completed this form

Send by post to: Environmental Protection Authority, Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140

OR email to: [email protected]

SUBMISSION FORM

www.epa.govt.nz

Once your submission has been received the submission becomes a public document and may be made

publicly available to anyone who requests it. You may request that your contact details be kept

confidential, but your name, organisation and your submission itself will become a public document.

Submission on application

number:

APP203853

Name of submitter or contact for

joint submission:

Davor Bejakovich, Manager, Biosecurity

Organisation name

(if on behalf of an organisation):

Greater Wellington Regional Council

Postal address: Greater Wellington Regional Council,

PO Box 41

Masterton 5840

Telephone number: 06 826 1518, 027 262 3062

Email: [email protected]

I wish to keep my contact details confidential

The EPA will deal with any personal information you supply in your submission in accordance with the Privacy Act

1993. We will use your contact details for the purposes of processing the application that it relates to (or in

exceptional situations for other reasons permitted under the Privacy Act 1993). Where your submission is made

publicly available, your contact details will be removed only if you have indicated this as your preference in the tick

box above. We may also use your contact details for the purpose of requesting your participation in customer

surveys.

The EPA is likely to post your submission on its website at www.epa.govt.nz. We also may make your submission

available in response to a request under the Official Information Act 1982.

SUBMISSION 127522

http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/

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Submission Form

September 2012 EPA0190

I support the application

I oppose the application

I neither support or oppose the application

The reasons for making my submission are1:

Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) supports the proposal to import and release the parasitoid wasp Pauesia

nigrovaria, as a biological control agent for the pest, Giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus). An effective biocontrol

species for the Giant willow aphid will help to slow the spread and impact of this highly invasive species.

The Giant willow aphid (GWA) has an indirect impact upon our Land Management and Flood Protection operations by

affecting the health, growth and survival of numerous willow and poplar species, which are used in our operations to stabilise

hill country and banks of waterways, reduce and prevent erosion, and reduce flood damage.

Our Land Management Department plants between 28,000 and 36,000 poplar and willow poles each year as part of their Soil

Conservation and Riparian Management programmes. Approximately 40-50% of these poles are willow species, sourced

from Akura Plant Nursery (37 hectares on the outskirts of Masterton).

GWA affects the nursery in late spring through to the end of autumn. During this period we spray (Mavrik Aquaflo) over the

willow species - early morning so as to have the least effect on bees. The cost of managing the GWA incusion in the nursery

would be approximately $5000 annually.

Since the incursion of the GWA, we have seen and heard from farmers that the willows that we have planted have been

affected by GWA, to the extent that they have discoloured and - in certain instances where the willow is located beside a

waterway – had an impact on the water quality.

Every Autumn period, Land Management audits the survival of the previous winters' poplar and willow plantings. This year

3,700 poles were audited (1200 were a willow species) and survival was at 94%. Of these willow poles audited, all would

have shown signs of GWA infestation.

GWRC is a contributor to and participant in the National Biological Control Collective (NBCC), and supports the

establishment of biocontrol species. A successful biocontrol agent for the Giant willow aphid would help to reduce the

occurrence of this pest without the need to resort to broad-spectrum insecticides, and for our work, will indirectly assist in

managing the risks and impacts of flooding and erosion. Through the NBCC, we are involved in a growing number of

biocontrol projects and believe this area to be an essential part of the future of pest management in New Zealand.

As with all biocontrol, following the release there will be no control over the wasp, meaning that the testing and management

needs to be thorough prior to the release. GWRC supports the processes of the Environmental Protection Authority and the

Ministry for Primary Industries for the importation and release of new organisms, and trusts that due diligence will be followed

in the assessment of risk by these agencies. As with any introduction, once the organisms are successfully introduced, there

is little or no ability to control or manage the organisms in their wild state.

I wish to be heard in support of my submission (this means that you can speak at the hearing)

I do not wish to be heard in support of my submission (this means that you cannot speak at the hearing)

1 Further information can be appended to your submission, if you are sending this submission electronically and attaching a file we accept the

following formats – Microsoft Word, Text, PDF, ZIP, JPEG and JPG. The file must be not more than 8Mb.

SUBMISSION 127522

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Submission Form

September 2012 EPA0190

I wish for the EPA to make the following decision:

Greater Wellington Regional Council supports the proposal to introduce the parasitoid wasp (Pauesia nigrovaria) as a

biological control agent for the Giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus). Establishment of this species as an effective

agent will greatly assist with the long-term, national management of the Giant willow aphid.

SUBMISSION 127522

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:2PeteDacy,PeterDacy3AnnanStreet,LawrenceOtagoNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:

ClauseWhatisyourpositionontheapplication?PositionIsupporttheapplicationNotes

ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesAsafulltimeapiaristIamwitnessingfirsthandtheproblemscausedbythegiantwillowaphid.Ihavebeenkeepinguptodatewithscionsprogressseekingoutasafebiologicalcontrolmeasureandstronglybelievetheyhaveachievedamorethansatisfactoryresultwithpauesianigrovaria.

ClauseAllsubmissionsaretakenintoaccountbythedecisionmakers.Inaddition,pleaseindicatewhetherornotyoualsowishtospeakatahearingifoneisheld.PositionYesIwishtospeakaboutmysubmissionatthehearingNotes

SUBMISSION 127527

1

Dear EPA Thank you for the opportunity to comment on APP203853 Giant willow aphid BCA. From the point of view of conservation of native biodiversity, there are both positive and negative aspects to the proposed importation of the parasitoid Pauesia nigrovaria. Willows are a very significant weed of wetland ecosystems, shading out native vegetation and costing the Department Of Conservation (DOC) tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars per year in control. The giant willow aphid has some negative impacts on these pest willows, particularly crack willow (Salix fragilis), and therefore in this context is considered beneficial for conservation. Introduction of the parasitoid would reduce those benefits. However, off-setting that benefit is the negative impact from the sooty mould growth, impacts on non target plant species and increased social wasp population resulting from the large quantities of honeydew produced by the aphids. The sooty mould blankets and in the long term kills any understory vegetation below the willows including regenerating native species, and social wasps have serious effects on native biodiversity via competition for honeydew and insect prey and direct predation on native invertebrates and small vertebrates. For these reasons, the expected ecological benefits from reduced willow vigour resulting from GWA attack are reduced. In addition, while crack willows are a serious weed in many native wetland ecosystems, because only male clones are present in New Zealand and therefore no seed production occurs they are amenable to conventional control techniques such as the use of herbicides. Grey willows are more problematical because they produce large quantities of viable seed and therefore spread more quickly and regenerate more successfully following herbicide application, and grey willows are largely free from GWA attack. In an earlier submission on the proposed importation into containment of Pauesia nigrovaria for host testing (APP203191), DOC expressed concern that the proposed testing adequately covered the ability of the parasitoid to complete development in alternative hosts, but did not adequately consider the risks from oviposition which resulted in incomplete development and subsequent death of the parasitoid larva, but could still kill the aphid. The current application very adequately addresses those concerns, and we are satisfied that there is no significant risk to native aphids. We are grateful to the applicants for this thorough host testing and the clear explanation provided. For these reasons, DOC is not opposed to the release of Pauesia nigrovaria for biological control of the giant willow aphid. If a hearing takes place because it is requested by others, DOC would like the opportunity to appear. However, DOC does not wish to request a hearing. Regards

Rod Hitchmough Scientific Officer (Biosecurity) Department of Conservation—Te Papa Atawhai National Office, PO Box 10 420, Wellington 6143 18 Manners St, Wellington 6011 Cell: 027 408 3481

www.doc.govt.nz

SUBMISSION 127529

http://www.doc.govt.nz/

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:4Asabove,HelenMcKenzie392LongbushRdRD4,Masterton,5884WairarapaNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:

ClauseWhatisyourpositionontheapplication?PositionIneithersupportoropposetheapplicationNotes

ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesIunderstandthattherecentlyarrivedlargeladybirdsmaybeasuitablekillerofthispest.Theyhaveonlybeenseenhere(Longbush,Wairarapa)thisyearIbelievebutweseemtohavelots.Wealsohavegiantwillowaphids.Canresearchbedoneintousingthemasawillowaphidpredatorfirst?

ClauseAllsubmissionsaretakenintoaccountbythedecisionmakers.Inaddition,pleaseindicatewhetherornotyoualsowishtospeakatahearingifoneisheld.PositionNoIdonotwishtospeakaboutmysubmissionatthehearingNotes

SUBMISSION 127602

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:5TallTreeCompany(stevepivac)152PatikiroadtaranakiNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:

ClauseWhatisyourpositionontheapplication?PositionIsupporttheapplicationNotesTowhomitconcernsatScionIamaNZforesterwithaninterestinbasketandotherwillows;whichIhavegrowingonlandinsouthernandeasternTaranaki.IsupporttheapplicationtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAuthoritytoreleaseP.nigrovariawithpossiblefirstreleasesofP.nigrovariatooccurinearly2020.Itappearsthatthiswillimpactusefullyonthelong-termmanagementofthegiantwillowaphid(GWA),Tuberolachnussalignus,whichhasbeencausingwidespreadproblemsthroughoutNewZealandsinceitwasfirstfoundherein2013,withfewifanysideissuesforotherspecies.Thanks,stevepivac

ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesWillowsareextremelyusefulplants.


SUBMISSION 127603

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:6KimPoynter,BushHavenFarmLtd(KimCheriePoynter)374BHamuranaRd,RD7,RotoruaBayofPlentyNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:


ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesIsupportthereleaseoftheGiantWillowAphidasabiologicalcontrolduetothemanypotentiallybeneficialoutcomesitwouldhavesuchastheincreasedhealthoftreesusedforerosioncontrol,improvedhealthofhoneybeesandhoneyquality,reductionsinharmfulsootymould,andreducedpopulationsofinvasivepestinsectssuchasvespidwaspsandharlequinladybirds,bothofwhicharevoraciouspredatorsofnativeandbeneficialinsects.


SUBMISSION 127604

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:7traceyfriend1077eruerastreetrotoruaNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:




SUBMISSION 127605

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:8N/a(BrendanDavis)1moncurdrivespringfieldRotoruaNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:




SUBMISSION 127606

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:9EricJamesAppleton,AppletonsTreeNurseryLtd160WakefieldKohatuHwy,RD1,WAKEFIELD7095TasmanNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:

ClauseWhatisyourpositionontheapplication?PositionIsupporttheapplicationNotesIsupporttheimportation&releaseoftheparasitoidwaspPauesianigrovariaasabiologicalcontrolagentforthepest,thegiantwillowaphid(Tuberolachnussalignus).

ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesThispestcolonizesmanyspeciesofSalix(willow)inthenursery,causingextensiveblackstainingofplantmaterialgrownforsale.Theexudatefromtheaphidsstainsclothing,whichneedsseveralwashestoremove.Iunderstandifbeesfeedontheexudatethehoneyissourandunsaleable.Theexudateattractscommonwaspswhichareahazardtohumansworkinginthenursery.


SUBMISSION 127607

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:10JulietteCurry,WestCoastRegionalCouncil(JulietteClaireCurry)POBox66Greymouth7805WestCoastNewZealandPh:[email protected]: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:


ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesTheWestCoastRegionalCouncilareinsupportoftheapplicationandwouldbeverykeentobepartofatrialasGiantWillowAphidiscausingmajorissuesforfloodprotectionontheWestCoast.


SUBMISSION 127610

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:11PhilKitchin,MoreaPartnership(PhilKitchin)

SubmitterType: NotspecifiedSource: WebFormOverallPosition:


ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesIliveona430hectarehillcountryfarmownedbymyfamily.Overthreegenerationsoffamilyownershiptherehavebeenconsistentandextensivetreeplantingofmanytreespeciesincludinglargenumbersofwillows.ThepartnershipiscurrentlyconsideringestablishingacommercialwillownurseryusingstocksourcedfromthevaluableworkdonebyPlantandFoodResearchscientistsonwillowsasavitalfoodsourceforbees.Weaimtoplantupto100hectaresofthefarminmanukaforhighendhoneyproductionanduptoanother100hectaresinavarietyoftreesandshrubsthatprovidefoodforbeesthroughouttheremainderoftheyearwhentheyarenotfeedingfrommanuka.Weaimtohaveatotallysustainableoperationforlargenumbersofhivesandwhilstwillowswillnotbetheonlytreespeciesplanted(wehavealreadyplantedthousandsofnativetrees),theywillbeapredominantspeciesbecausetheiroverlappingfloweringenablesbeepopulationstoincreaseandthrivefornearlyhalfoftheyear.Thedrawbacktowillowscurrentlyisthesavagingwreakeduponthembythegiantwillowaphidpest.Onthethousandsofwillowsonthefarmthathavebeenplantedforerosioncontrolandriverbankstability,wehaveobservedforseveralyearsnowdiebackduetothegiantwillowaphid.Wehavealsobeenforcedtoundertakeextensiveandexpensivechemicalpestcontrolofwaspswhosepopulationsseemedtoexplodefeedingfromthehoneydewproducedbytheaphids.Thesewaspsalsoattackbeecoloniesaccordingtobeekeeperswhocurrentlykeephivesonthefarm.Anyreductionoftheaphidsparticularlyifdonebyanaturalpredator,wouldbeextremelyvaluabletocurrentoperationssuchasours.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,ifthisproposedreleaseofapredatorissuccessful,itwouldenableourplansforamoresustainablebuthigherexportvalueproducttobeproducedfromwhatwouldotherwisebeameatfarmwithsomeforestryasanalternativeincome.


Thesubmitterhaveelectedtowithholdtheirpersonaldetailsfrompublication.

SUBMISSION 1276711

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:13BruceWills,TrelinnoeLimited(BruceWills)



ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesIamahillcountryfarmerwith2,000willowsstabilisingmyhillsides,IChairtheNZbeeindustryandIChairtheNZpoplar&willowresearchtrustsohaveacloseaffinityandunderstandingofthebenefitsofwillowsfromanumberofangles.TheGWAishavingaseriousimpactonwillowsandthebeeindustrysotherearemanypeopleexcitedbytheworkthatSCIONhasdoneandthepossibilityofthisbiologicalcontrolagenthelpingtogetontopofthisseriousincursion.

ClauseAllsubmissionsaretakenintoaccountbythedecisionmakers.Inaddition,pleaseindicatewhetherornotyoualsowishtospeakatahearingifoneisheld.NotesHappytoappearifrequired.


SUBMISSION 127612

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:14CharlotteLee-Smith,ApicultureNewZealand(CharlotteJeanLee-Smith)

SubmitterType: NotspecifiedSource: EmailOverallPosition:


ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesPleaseseeattacheddocumentforfullreasons

ClauseAllsubmissionsaretakenintoaccountbythedecisionmakers.Inaddition,pleaseindicatewhetherornotyoualsowishtospeakatahearingifoneisheld.PositionYesIwishtospeakaboutmysubmissionatthehearingNotes


SUBMISSION 127613

SUBMISSION TO: The Environmental Protection Agency

FROM: Apiculture New Zealand

SUBMISSION ON: APP203853 Introduction of Pauesia nigrovaria to control giant willow aphid

DATE: 2 September 2019

CONTACT DETAILS: Apiculture New Zealand

The following submission is presented by Apiculture New Zealand on behalf of its Science and Research Focus Group. Members of the Apiculture NZ Science and Research Focus Group include:

Barry Foster (Chair) Dr Oksana Borowik Dr Mark Goodwin Martin Laas Don MacLeod John McKay Dr John McLean Dr Pike Stahlmann-Brown

SUBMISSION 127613

1. Apiculture NZ represents the interests of beekeepers and honey bees in New Zealand.

Beekeeping in New Zealand is now one of New Zealand’s fastest growing export enterprises and presently supplying the world with very high value honey products. The industry also plays a critical role in providing pollination services to the New Zealand Horticulture and arable seeds sector. It is therefore very important that New Zealand protects this resource by ensuring the safety and health of the honey bees.

2. Apiculture NZ fully supports the application to release the parasitoid wasp Pauesia nigrovaria as a biological control agent for the giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus).

3. The giant willow aphid is a devastating exotic pest species that has negatively impacted the health of bees and honey production in New Zealand since its discovery here in 2013. These negative effects include:

a. the decline in health of willow trees that are an important source of pollen and nectar for bees in spring;

b. the production of giant willow aphid honey dew which is attractive to bees but forms unusable ‘cement honey’ and produces an excess of fructose in the honeydew which can have a negative impact on exports and;

c. the increase and strengthening in wasp pollutions also attracted to the giant willow aphid honey dew.

More detail on these issues are listed below.

4. Willows are a valuable source of pollen and nectar for bees in the spring as they build up strength for the major honey flow. Giant willow aphids have been observed to reduce the vigour and strength of willows, in some cases leading to their deaths.

5. When the giant willow aphid feeds on the willow sap, it ingests sucrose, the sugar made by the willow. The giant willow aphid breaks down the sucrose (a disaccharide) into glucose and fructose (both monosaccharides). To avoid osmotic stress, the giant willow aphid synthesizes the less soluble trisaccharide melezitose which contains two glucose and a fructose molecule. The honeydew created by the giant willow aphid now contains a mixture of sugars including glucose, fructose, melezitose and a trace of sucrose. When the bees collect this honeydew and take it back to the hive, it is put into a comb where it is dehydrated to ~18% moisture before it is capped. If there is a lot of melezitose, this will crystallize to make a solid crystalline mass termed 'cement honey'. These are the crystals we see left in the combs after the liquid portion has been spun off during extraction. Those melezitose crystals also block filters during the extraction process. Bees are unable to digest melezitose.

5a. Melezitose is a well-recognised indicator of honeydew honey, so if it is found in multifloral honey, as can occur when bees make ‘cement honey’ late in the season, that honey is considered mislabeled.

SUBMISSION 127613

5b. Additionally, the excess fructose levels in honeydew honey could appear to be due to augmentation with high fructose corn syrup. Commercial shipments have been rejected on these grounds.

5. Giant willow aphid honey dew is also an attractive source of food to the Common and

German wasps who use it to strengthen their hives. This then creates a hazard for honey bees, as the wasps grow stronger and become more effective in raiding honey bee hives. According to Landcare Research’s NZ Colony Loss Survey 2018, 9.2% of all losses are caused by wasp attacks.

6. Options for sustainable control of giant willow aphids in New Zealand are limited. The use of chemicals is both undesirable and impractical as aphids are widespread through New Zealand, in both urban and rural areas. Specifically, there is a valid concern that systemic insecticides applied by injection or soil application pose unacceptable risks to other organisms, since insecticides ingested by GWA would be expelled in honeydew prior to death and could harm honeydew feeders, including bees and native birds.

7. A judiciously conducted biological control programme offers a safe and sustainable solution. Scion’s host testing trials and behavioural assessments of Pauesia nigrovaria have shown positive results in the control of giant willow aphids. This control option is preferable to chemical control methods which would need to be applied widely and could negatively affect bees and therefore honey production.

8. Additionally, this research has indicated the P. nigrovaria presents minimal or no risk to non-target species, humans or the New Zealand environment.

9. Based on the positive results of Scions trials and assessments, the Apiculture NZ Science and Research Focus Group is in favour of the release of P. nigrovaria as a biological control agent for the giant willow aphid.

10. Apiculture NZ Science and Research Focus Group would like to reserve the right to be heard at a Public Hearing for the consideration of introducing P. nigrovaria APP203853. We will confirm our attendance after our consideration of the EPA’s Evaluation and Review Report for this application.

SUBMISSION 127613

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:15JulieCarle,BruceFawcettLtd(JulieCarle)


ClauseWhatisyourpositionontheapplication?PositionIsupporttheapplicationNotesTheGiantWillowAphidhasnegativelyimpactedthegrowth,yieldandvitalityofourplantingsofSalixmatsudanaxS.albafodderwillowhybrids,MoutereandTangoioclonesplantedonour dairyfarmassupplementaryfodderfeedstockduringsummerdroughtperiods.AnyprovenandtestedbiologicalcontrolwiththeparasitoidwaspPauesianigrovariaiswelcomed,particularlytakingintoaccountthepreliminarytrialsalreadyundertakenincontrolledconditionsbyScion.

ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesTheGiantWillowAphidhasnegativelyimpactedthegrowth(heightanddiameter),yield(biomassproduction)andvitality(earlyleaffall)ofourplantingsofSalixmatsudanaxS.albafodderwillowhybrids,MoutereandTangoioclonesplantedonourfarmasadroughtadaptationalternativesupplementaryfeedstocktoourdairyherdin .TheplantingsarebeingundertakenincollaborationwithNIWAandliaisonismaintainedwiththePlantandFoodResearch/PoplarandWillowResearchTrust.Onthe farmweplanted1000wandsoftheMouterecloneinwinter2013asatrialandnurseryforfutureplantingstockforfloodplainmanagementandpotentiallivestockfodder.Fromearly2014weobservedheavyimpactoftheGWA(lossofvitality,earlyleaffall,blackmould,beestocollectthesap)buthadpartiallyrecoveredin2017-2018.InJuly2019,afurther2000wandsoftheTangoiocloneand1000wandsofMoutereclonewereplanted.Aplannedtrialharvestingofbiomassforsupplementarydroughtfeedstockisplannedinthelatesummer2020incollaborationwithStephanHeubeck,NIWAHamiltonofficeandJimCarle,InternationalForestrySpecialist,JBCarle&AssociatesandmemberoftheExecutiveCommiteeoftheInternationalPoplar(&Willow)Commission,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,Rome,Italy



SUBMISSION 127614

APP203853GiantwillowaphidBiologicalControlAgentSubmissionReferenceno:16JimCarle,JBCarle&Associates(JimCarle)


ClauseWhatisyourpositionontheapplication?PositionIsupporttheapplicationNotesSinceintroductionoftheGiantWillowAphid(GWA)in2013,ithasspreadoverarangeofSalixspeciesandwillowhybridsthroughoutNZ.Thispesthasthreatenedthesurvival,growth,yield,healthandvitalityofwillowspeciesthathavebeenplantedinNZinagroforestrysystemsbyfarmers,foresters,regionalcouncils,catchmentauthoritiesandtheprivatesectorforwatershedmanagement,soilandwaterprotection,landscaperestoration,restorationofmarginalfarminglands,riverandwatercoursestabilization,riparianreserves,floodprotectionandproductionofbiomassforfodderorbioenergyproduction.TheGWAhasnegativelyimpactederosion-orflood-pronelandscapesmostvulnerabletoextremeweatherevents(floods,droughts,extremetemperatures,cyclonesetc)inNZthatcanputdownstreamagriculturalandresidentiallivelihoods,assetsandlivesatriskfromslips,landslides,slumpsandfloods.TheprospectofasuccessfullytestedandhostspecificbiologicalcontrolbytheCalifornianparasitoidwasp(Pauesianigravaria)willnotonlypotentiallycontroltheGWAbutwillreducetheriskofdamagetowillowplantings,whichinturnwillreducetherisktolivelihoods,landscapes,capitalinvestmentandeventhelivesofthoselivingand/orworkingdownstreamfromfragileandmarginalupstreamland-uses.

ClauseThereasonsformakingmysubmissionsare:(Anysupportingdocumentscanbeattachedattheendofthissubmission)NotesIamaninternationalforestryadvisortointernationalagencieswithintheUnitedNationsfamilyoforganizations(FoodandAgricultureOrganization[FAO],UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram[UNDP],InternationalFundforEconomicDevelopment[IFAD],theWorldBankGroup)andtheAsianDevelopmentBank[ADB]andretiredformerChief,ForestManagementService,FAOoftheUnitedNationsandformerSecretary,InternationalPoplarCommission(Salicaceae,includingPoplarsandWillows)andcurrentmemberoftheExecutiveCommitteeoftheInternationalPoplarCommission.WithinNZIworkinclosecollaborationwithPlantandFoodResearh,thePoplarandWillowTrustandtheNationalInstituteofWaterandAtmosphere(NIWA)withregardstotheuseofpoplarsandwillowsforrestorationoflandscapesandlivelihoods.WithinourfamilydairyfarmintheWaikatoregionweareexperimentingwithfodderwillow(SalixmatsudanaxSalixalba-TongoioandMoutereclones)asalatesummerdroughtsupplementaryfeedstock.Wecommencedplanting2013butfrom2014theplantingswereheavilyattackedbytheGWAthatnegativelyimpactedsurvival,growth,yields,healthandvitalityoftrees.SubsequentplantingshavealsobeenattackedbytheGWAwithsimilarresults.Thishasputthelongertermprospectoffodderwillowasasasupplentaryfeedatriskwithoutaneffectivecontrolagent.IseethepotentialforthesafereleaseoftheCalifornianparasitoidwasp(Pauseianigravaria)tocontroltheGWAwithminimalthreattootheraphids,whilstthepositivepotentialeconomicimpactsarehighinreducingsignificantriskstofragileandvulnerablelandscapesandlivelihoodsofagricultural,forestryandresidentialassetsandinfrastructure.

ClauseAllsubmissionsaretakenintoaccountbythedecisionmakers.Inaddition,pleaseindicatewhetherornotyoualsowishtospeakatahearingifoneisheld.PositionYesIwishtospeakaboutmysubmissionatthehearingNotesIcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldBankandtheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsindevelopingcountries,soavailabilitytospeakatahearingwillbedeterminedbymycommitmentsandtraveltoclientcountries.


SUBMISSION 127615

APP203853 Submissions bundle 1SUBMISSION127521_C CarePage 1

SUBMISSION127522_Davor Bejakovich_Greater Wgtn Reg CouncilSUBMISSION127527 Peter DacySUBMISSION127529 Rod Hitchmough Dept of ConservationSUBMISSION127602 Helen McKenzieSUBMISSION127603 Steve Pivac TallTreeCompanySUBMISSION127604 Kim Poynter Bush Haven FarmSUBMISSION127605 Tracey FriendSUBMISSION127606 Brendan DavisSUBMISSION127607 Eric Appleton Appletons Tree Nursery LtdSUBMISSION127610 Juliette Curry West Coast Reg CouncilSUBMISSION127611 Phil Kitchin Morea Partnership DETAILS CONF_RedactedSUBMISSION127612 Bruce Wills Trelinnoe Ltd DETAILS CONF_RedactedSUBMISSION127613 Charlotte Lee-Smith Apiculture NZ DETAILS CONF_RedactedSUBMISSION127613 Charlotte Lee-Smith Apiculture NZ DETAILS CONFSUBMISSION127613 Charlotte Lee-Smith Apiculture 1 NZ DETAILS CONF

SUBMISSION127614 Julie Carle Bruce Fawcett Ltd DETAILS CONF_RedactedSUBMISSION127615 Jim Carle, JB Carle and Associates DETAILS CONF_Redacted

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APP203853 Giant willow aphid BCA Submissions · During this period we spray (Mavrik Aquaflo) over the willow species - early morning so as to have the least effect on bees. The cost