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1/12

6

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2/12

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3/12

. (THM)

pH (mutagenic) pH.

(ClO2)

. (THM). . pH . .

, , . , . .

(), . .

3

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4/12

,

.

.

. , .

. , , , . , .

. . . .

. .

UV

4

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5/12

(UV) .

. .

. . .

UV UV . .

, .

0.5 mg/l, 30 pH 8.

5

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6/12

, , , , , . 0.2-0.3 mg/l

5 .

. . 0.4 mg/l 4.

(Cl 2)

:

Cl2 + H2O = (H+) + (Cl-) + HOCl

HOCl = (H+) + (OCl-)

pH. pH.

(Cl) (OCl-) 15 oC pH :

pH HOCl % OCl-%

5 99.7 0.3

6 97.5 2.5

7 79.7 20.3

8 28.0 72.0

9 3.8 96.2

, , , HOCl . HOCl 80 OCl- E.Coli 300 500 Entamoeba histolytica

Giardia.

6

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7/12

. HOCl RNA .

(THM).

, , .

,

, . . 2 15 mg .

, .

. , 2 mg/l, . 5.2 mg/l. ,

,

7

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8/12

.

0.1 g/l.

().

() .

.

. . IARC .

. . IARC .

8

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9/12

. IARC .

.

. IARC .

. , () . .

.

.

0.12 mg/l 0.05 mg/l . 0.05 mg/l 0.1 mg/l, . .

--

9

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10/12

, ,

g/l. . 0.056mg/l 0.023 mg/l , 0.090 0.100 mg/l. .

, , , () . ,

.

(ClO2)

,

(ClO2-) (ClO3-). ClO2 .

ClO2 .

10

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11/12

10 1

0.3 mg/l. ClO2 ClO2.

. , .

0.034 mg . 0.21 mg/l, 0.06 mg/l 10

. . 0.2 mg/l .

,

. , , .

22

11

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(22) . , 22

. . 22 0.02mg/l. 22.

, . 0.83 mg/l, .

, . 3 mg/l.

. , .

. , 300 ppb . .

12