New England Association of Teachers of EnglishWorkshop Proposal for the NEATE Fall Conference, October 20th and 21st, 2017

Literacy for Change

Holiday Inn, Mansfield, Massachusetts (off both I-95 and I-495)

Please return by June 1, 2017

Please type in the form below. Add additional name and address lines for multiple presenters.

Presenter #1 Name: Matthew T. Pifer

Please check your preferred mailing address:

▢ Home address: ________________________________

Home/Cell phone ________________ Personal Email: piferm@husson.edu

▢ Work address: Meeting House 222, One College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401_______________

Work email: piferm@husson.edu________________________________________

Work phone: (207) 941-7897 Fax:

For workshops with more than one presenter, insert additional presenter information here:

Proposed workshop title: Reading the Apocalypse: Using Cormac McCarthy’s The Road to Develop a Multimodal Analysis

Check appropriate audience(s): Check preferred workshop choice(s):

Check preferred room set-up:

▢ G – general

▢ M – middle/junior high

x H – high school

x C – college

▢ Friday workshop (90 minutes

▢ Saturday workshop (90 minutes)

x I am willing to present either day

o Theatre- style

x Tables

Workshop description (100-word maximum required for program):

In this workshop, I will discuss how we can use Cormac McCathy’s The Road to develop a multimodal analysis. I have found that engaging students in multimodal composition helped them not only interpret McCarthy’s deceptively complicated novel but also allowed them to contextualize more clearly the elements of fiction and construct meaning from a text. Through this process, students reported that they were motivated to read the novel (itself a pleasing outcome) and found interpreting it less “tedious” and “more enjoyable” than traditional methods of close reading. To illustrate this type of analysis, I will provide participants with the tools I used to guide my students through the invention, drafting, and presentation process. As part of

this illustration, I will encourage the participants to experience these stages so they can develop a nuanced understanding of both the possibilities and challenges of teaching multimodal composition. At the end of the presentation, I will consider anonymous student models (which I will provide the participants in a packet), presenting the comment the novel makes on the development of society, an interpretation that emerged from a critical reading of my students’ work (which I hope to publish in Leaflet).

Workshop explanation – please provide a detailed rationale for the workshop and an overview of its content and format, including interactive elements and opportunities for participants to create materials or strategies for their own classrooms:

In this presentation, I will place participants into groups and provide them with a packet of information that will contain the “topic invention worksheet,” “drafting worksheet,” “revision guide,” and student model essays. Participants will work with these documents to develop their own ideas and experience both the possibilities and challenges of teaching multimodal analysis. Once completed, participants will discuss how they might augment these materials to develop their own multimodal teaching materials.

Relevant Book List:1. McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York: Vintage, 2006.2. Self, Cynthia. Multimodal Composition: Resources for Teachers. New Directions in

Computers and Composition. New York: Hampton Press, 2007. 3. Lutkewitte, Claire. Multimodal Composition: A Critical Sourcebook. Boston: Bedford-St.

Martin’s Press, 2013.

Biography for each presenter including, but not limited to, position, teaching career, publications, other workshops given, interesting ideas or approaches. Please provide no more than 50 words for each presenter.

Matthew Pifer is an associate professor of English at Husson University in Maine. He has presented at 4Cs, SAMLA, and was the NCTE Maine Higher Education Analysis from 2013-2015. Recently, he is interested in multimodal composition and macroanalysis as ways of developing nuanced literary interpretations.

Please note: Presenters are responsible for providing their own handouts. Handouts and presentation slides should be submitted for publication on the NEATE website. NEATE will attempt to provide digital projectors and screens in each room, but at this time we cannot guarantee that we will have these items in each room. So you should prepare to present your workshop without a digital projector. In any case, you should bring your own laptop with your cables to connect it to a digital projector. The hotel provides Internet access, but videos should be downloaded if possible. Please note any special circumstances or requests here:

Please send proposals and inquiries as well as any titles of books relevant to your presentation (for the conference bookseller’s table) to conference co-chair Dav Cranmer at neateconference@gmail.com.

The deadline is June 1, 2017.

Assignment Documents

Essay #3, Multimodal Interpretation of Literature

PurposeIn this essay, you will use multiple modes, such as the linguistic, visual, and/or aural, to develop an interpretation of literature. The objective is to help you move beyond the “linguistic mode” and utilize other available modes of expression to create effective analyses. Tim Oldakowski describes the aim of this project we will be using as follows: “In education the linguistic is the mode most commonly assessed because it is important for students to write clear, complex pieces to show their understanding of content. However, in worlds outside of classrooms additional modes, such as visual, aural, and digital are often used to convey messages.” In your project, you will be using some of these modes to interpret Cormac McCarthy's novel The Road.

AssignmentYou will choose a theme from Cormac McCarthy's The Road, and three literary elements that speak to this theme, such as character, theme, symbol, conflict, motif, plot, etc. For each element, you will describe how the element is portrayed in the text followed by an analysis of that element. In your analysis, you will use multiple modes in your consideration of how that element comments on the theme you have identified. You will do this for each of the three elements you have selected.

Each description and analysis must be 150 words, beginning with a clear claim that you then support with specific details from your project and the novel. However, you are not to simply write these descriptions and analyses, you must instead use a “multimodal” format. Some examples for this “multimodal format can range from a Youtube video or short film that interprets the novel, to “soundtracks to emphasize key plot points, to making scrapbooks for major or minor characters, to making a Twitter account for a character.”

To pull the project together, you will write a one to two-page introduction rationale, justifying your choice of elements and answering the following question: How did thinking multimodally help you interpret the novel? (72).

AudienceThe audience will be your classmates and peers at Husson University. At the end of the project, you will display your multimodal analyses for the rest of the class to examine and discuss. We may then select three (or more) projects to present to the University community in a small booklet.

TechnologySome assume that a multimodal analysis must use digital technology. While such an analyses can use these tools, they are not required. You can develop your project in a number of ways that uses collage, drawing, painting, etc. to develop your interpretation.

EvaluationAt the end of this project, you will turn in the following:

1. A multimodal project that examines 3 elements of fiction and what they say about a theme you have selected.

2. A 150 word description for each element you selected, indicating how that element is portrayed in the story and how your multimodal approach analyzes that element in the story.

3. A one to two-page introduction, describing why you selected the elements of fiction you chose, and a discussion of how thinking multimodally helped you communicate your interpretation.

I will evaluate your projects using the following rubric:1. The analysis of your theme through multiple modes. I will determine how well your

project reveals a meaning contained within the novel. This will be communicated in your descriptions and analyses, and in your final reflection on your project. You must use at least two modes, one of which will be linguistic.

2. Effective Writing: I will judge the effectiveness of your writing and the sincerity of you multimodal elements. If the writing is sloppy or the multimodal elements are simply thrown together, your grade will reflect this.

3. I will judge how well you presented your project on the “gallery day.”4. Interaction with other students. I will determine how well you engaged with other

students during class discussions and project workshops.

Drafting the Multimodal ProjectDirections: Now that you have your multimodal topic established, you will need to complete your descriptions of these projects as well as the final reflective introduction.

Revision Session: You will complete a revision session of one other student’s draft online Friday, April 22. Once you submit your draft, you will be assigned another student’s draft to analyze (you will be assigned someone's draft to review at 1 pm on Friday). Complete the revision by commenting on the draft you are assigned through Canvas by Sunday evening.

*You will revise these drafts for Monday’s online workshop session.

Contents and evaluation for multimodal projects:At the end of this project, you will turn in the following:1. Multimodal Projects: A multimodal project that examines 3 elements of fiction and what they say

about a theme you have selected (you can use one of the other variations for this that we discussed during class if you wish).

2. Explanations of the Projects: A 150 word description for each element you selected, indicating how that element is portrayed in the story and how your multimodal approach analyzes that element in the story.

3. Reflective Introduction: A one to two page rationale describing why you selected the elements of fiction you chose, and a discussion of how thinking multimodally helped you communicate your interpretation.

I will evaluate your projects using the following rubric:

1. The analysis of your theme through multiple modes. I will determine how well your project reveals a meaning contained within the story. This will be communicated in your descriptions and analyses, and in your final reflection on your project. You must use at least two modes, one of which will be linguistic.

2. Effective Writing: I will judge the effectiveness of your writing and the sincerity of you multimodal elements. If the writing is sloppy or the multimodal elements are simply thrown together, your grade will reflect this.

3. I will judge how well you presented your project on the “gallery day” through the Canvas discussions.

4. Interaction with other students. I will determine how well you engage with other students during class discussions and project workshops.

ExplanationsList the Theme or Themes you will use:List the Elements of Fiction you will use:Directions: use the tool below to help you draft and revise your explanations.

#1. Include the project or a picture of itTopic Sentence (should function as the thesis for your explanation. This should contain a claim indicating how the multimodal project, representing an element of fiction, tells us something compelling about the theme):

#2. Include the project or a picture of itTopic Sentence (should function as the thesis for your explanation. This should contain a claim indicating how the multimodal project, representing an element of fiction, tells us something compelling about the theme):

#3. Include the project or a picture of itTopic Sentence (should function as the thesis for your explanation. This should contain a claim indicating how the multimodal project, representing an element of fiction, tells us something compelling about the theme):

Reflection: A one to two page reflection, describing why you selected the elements of fiction you chose, and a discussion of how thinking multimodally helped you communicate your interpretation effectively.

OutlineIntroduction: Why you selected what you did, ending with your thesis that indicates how this way of thinking helped you interpret the story or stories (depending on the approach you used).Body: Support your thesis with specific examples from your projects.Conclusion: Final thoughts, lessons you have learned in this project.

Note: Place this introduction at the beginning of your multimodal packet.M. Pifer

EH200

5 May 2023

The Road or something like it

Cormac McCarthy’s “The Road” is a dystopian novel about a boy and his father surviving in

every sense of the word. By examining “The Road” through multiple media such as poems and stand-

alone pictures I was able to better understand its characters and see the novel as more than just dark and

depressing. The poem “Don’t Quit” by Edgar A. Guest allowed me to see the father in a different

perspective. At first I felt that the father was delusional but in reality, he is strong. He knows that the life

he and the boy lead is a dangerous one, but he is the driving force behind them. I believe “Don’t Quit”

does a great job depicting what could be an internal conversation the father has with himself. In this

conversation, the father tells himself that despite the circumstances he and the boy must go on, that they

cannot quit.

By creating a gun made of flowers to represent the gun the father and son carry I was able to see

the softer side of this cold dark world they live in. It allowed me to look past the initial thought process of

what the gun was for. Looking at the gun as more of a symbol and less of a tool, it allowed me to see that

it truly had a much greater purpose than just protection. It was the father and son’s day to day security and

a means for them to not only protect themselves, but also allowed them to survive without hurting others.

Lastly, through the examination of a picture I could see the relationship between the father and

son more clearly. Throughout “The Road” we can clearly see that the boy depends heavily on his father,

but really the father depends just as much on the boy. They help each other, and their relationship is much

like that of yin and yang, two pieces that balance each other out.

This project as a whole has given me a better understanding of the novel. It made me take a

deeper look at the true meaning and purpose of some of the “everyday” items they father and boy used. It

also gave me a new perspective in which to understand the characters a little better.

When Things go wrong, as they sometimes will,When the road you're trudging seems all uphill,

When the funds are low and debts are high,And you want to Smile but have to sigh.When care is pressing you down a bit,

Rest, if you must, but don't you quit.

Life is queer with its twists and turns,As everyone of us sometimes learns,

And many a failure turns about,When he might have won if he'd stuck it out,Don't give up though the pace seems slow,

You might succeed with another blow.

Often the struggler has given up,When he might captured the victor's cup.

And he learned too late, when the night slipped down,How close he was to the golden crown,

Success is failure turned inside out,The silver tint of clouds of doubt,

And you never can tell how close you are,It may be near when it seems afar,

So stick to the fight when you're hardest hit,It's when things seem worst that you mustn't quit.

This poem is a very good representation of the father in “The Road” and his unwavering hope for

the future “He knew he was placing hopes where he’d no reason to. He hoped it would be brighter where

for all he knew the world grew darker daily (228 McCarthy)”. The father knows that his hope is a choice

but it is also what keeps him and his son going. Throughout the text the father and son are constantly met

with not only environmental difficulties, but they also struggle against hunger and against their fellow

man. This specific section of the poem” When care is pressing you down a bit, Rest, if you must, but don't

you quit” (Don’t Quit) speaks to the fathers’ perseverance. He is the one constantly reminding the boy

that they must go on no matter how hard the road may be. “We can’t wait. We’re almost out of food. We

have to keep going” (McCarthy 220). The father understands that the life him and the boy live is an

exceptionally difficult one,” So stick to the fight when you're hardest hit” (Don’t Quit) but each day he

chooses to keep going. The beauty of the father is not just that he doesn’t quit but that he keeps pushing

for something better despite his circumstances.

Flower Gun

Through-out “The Road” the father carries a gun with him, at the start of the book the gun is

equipped with two bullets presumably one for the father and one for the son if the time ever comes where

active euthanasia is better choice than what lies ahead. But the gun isn’t just a means to harm their fellow

man; it affords them the choice to be “the good guys”. The gun made of flowers symbolizes the son and

father’s reluctance to use the gun they carry and its less obvious attributes. Though they take the gun with

them everywhere it is not because they wish to use it. The father and son use the gun more as a security

blanket and a means for peace of mind than as a device by which to inflict pain.

“He pulled the cart back and swung it around and put the pistol on top and look at the

boy. Let’s go, he said. And they set out along the road south with the boy crying and

looking back at the nude and slatlike creature standing there in the road shivering and

hugging him-self” (McCarty 275).

The gun made of flowers represents a choice. the father and son talk quite a bit in McCarthy’s “The

Road” about them being the good guys, and part of that is their attitude towards the gun they carry and

their lack of violent use. In the above exert from “The Road” the father and son confront a man who has

stolen from them, and with the use of the gun they are able get their belongings back without causing

physical harm to the man. The father and son made a choice to use the gun without using the gun which is

exactly why the gun made of flowers is a perfect representation for its use.

Book Cover

The cover art for “Misfortune” by Kenneth Carter is the perfect representation for the father and the son.

The father is harder than the boy. Though the father is hopeful for the future for the boy, he sees the world

has dark and untrustworthy. The boy on the other hand, sees the world and the people in it as good. He

wants to help and believe that every person they come across is decent and doesn’t mean any harm. The

contrasting light and dark in the cover art for Carter’s “Misfortune” does a great job depicting the inner

beliefs of the father and son. The bright yellow, symbolizes the boys hope, and the goodness that he sees

in the world. While the black symbolizes the fathers distrust and the cruelness he sees in the world. The

following is a conversation between the boy and his father after they have just confronted a man and left

him with nothing, not even a stitch of clothing. “He’s not gone, the boy said. He looked up. His face

streaked with soot. He’s not. What do you want to do? Just help him, Papa. Just help him. The man

looked back up the road. He was just hungry, Papa. He’s going to die. He’s going to die anyways”

(McCarthy 277). Together they even each other out. The boy encourages the father to trust his fellow men

and the father teaches the boy to be more guarded when it comes to people and their surroundings.

Work Cited

Carter, Kenneth, “Misfortune”. Kenneth Carter. 2013 Print

McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Print

https://motivationoflife.wordpress.com/poetry/poetry/dont-quit-edgar-albert-guest/

Multi Modal Project

Professor Pifer

01 May 2017

Introduction: The Road

For this project I put together three multi-modal elements to help me better understand

the novel The Road by Cormac McCarthy. I chose to examine the themes of human compassion

and perseverance. It is easy to recognize throughout the story the father and son are depicted as

being continually faced with tough and often brutal decisions that affect not only their physical

well being but their mental and emotional state of mind as well. The ladder is a very difficult

thing to quantify as each of us has different breaking points and triggers that encourage us to

either continue to fight and survive or give in and fail. Thus, I opted to use music for my first

multi-modal piece to show how humanity is affected by its soothing sounds and can often relate

the meaning of the lyrics and rhythm of the sounds to an imaginary setting such as depicted in

The Road. I then looked at the inspirational character of Ely in The Road for my second multi-

modal piece and instantly perceived the resemblance to the biblical figure Elijah The Prophet as

interpreted in the Bible. Finally I opted to showcase the meaning of the brook trout fish from the

final paragraph as my third multi-modal piece. It demonstrates the delicate balance that man

faces when our decisions can make or break the very life as we know it on our own mother earth

by showing us just how important a simple fish means to humanities survival. In closing, these

projects have allowed me to be creative and to be able to better interpret the true meaning behind

the themes of compassion and perseverance.

Reflection: The Road

I chose the theme of compassion and perseverance to demonstrate just how fragile the

gift of life is, not only to humanity, but to every living creature on our planet. Each plays an

integral and important part of our ecology and by our very nature humanity has evolved to the

point of being the dominant species capable of so much compassion as well as so much

discontent. Each of us has many talents, different gifts, and vastly different personalities to

showcase our own uniqueness. But what tends to be the most baffling aspect of humanity is that

we often take those benefits for granite as we as a species rarely comprehend the true meaning of

just how fragile our world is and the importance that we as humans play in our eco system.

We must persevere if we are to survive our own destructive natures. What is to become

of us? If we as humanity do not balance our own lives and further develop a sense of

understanding our own ways. Are we as a species doomed to repeat what many other species

have become? Could we potentially face extinction by our own hands and/or are we capable of

our own salvation? In my evaluation of The Road by Cormac McCarthy, I chose three seemingly

different elements of fiction to hopefully inspire and enlighten the mind.

For my first multi-modal piece I chose to symbolize humanities attachment for the

sounds of music and just how relaxing and calming the melodies, the rhythms, and the

harmonized stanzas sound as they relate to the stories meaning. They often become a powerful

tool for our individual interpretation of different fictions as they often imprint and impact our

very souls and state of mind and affect the moods we are in. I have felt that each of the three

songs listed below have an impact on different sub elements throughout the novel, The Road. To

me I can close my eyes and imagine this fictional world as the lyrics and melody reverberate

throughout the songs, which in turn affect my compassion for the protagonist to persevere.

For my second multi modal piece I chose to use a biblical depiction of the prophet Elijah.

To me his seemingly random and unhindered appearance at the exact middle of the novel, The

Road, signified a sense of God's will to test this man and his son. In essence God wishes to see if

the man and boy will show compassion for their fellow man by simply sharing a meal and good

conversation with Ely. At its very core this section of The Road allows us to better understand

the meaning of life and further demonstrates humanities perseverance of will to survive under the

hellish nightmare that they live in.

For my final multi modal piece I opted to showcase the fish and its simple meaning. It is

either the bringer of life and rebirth to man if we are to survive or it can be the harbinger of death

and destruction if it were to become extinct. Without this simple food source which predates

mankind by many millennia and even eons, we would be lost without it. The final paragraph of

The Road demonstrates the fragile ecological nightmare that we can reap upon our very own

world if care is not taken by man to care for the perseverance and survival of all creatures.

Together as a whole, I looked at many aspects of the novel The Road and for me creating

these three multi-modal pieces helped me to gain a better perspective and understanding of

Cormac McCarthy's novel and all of its elements. This project showed me just how simplistic it

was to utilize themes to help me to properly structure my thoughts and analyze the stories

meaning. By choosing simple story elements, coupled with the setting, and characterizations, I

was able to further understand the themes of compassion and perseverance that I chose and just

how it related to the wonderful and inspiring story that Cormac McCarthy has given us in his

novel The Road. Hopefully what I present to you below is just as thoughtful and impactful for

you to read as it was for me to compile and write.

Imagine Dragons - Radioactive - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktvTqknDobU

Johnny Cash - The Man Comes Around - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUNx5ZL5cIE

Gary Jules - Mad World - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MM0BiOjd3hs

Explanation 1: Songs related to "The Road".

For my first multimodal piece I opted to entertain my audience with three musical pieces

that all share the same musical sentiment of how hopelessness, abandonment, and war

mongering play a central role in Cormac McCarthy, The Road. He tells us his tale of how this

unnamed father and son are finding the will to persevere, even through the darkest of times and

harshest of realities. Life has given the pair mostly sadness and sorrow, and it is not until the

novels end that the true meaning of the book is revealed when a small glimmer of hope and the

possibility of the earth's rebirth could possibly endure. However, McCarthy is keen to point to

the fact that it will only do so with humanities compassion as he demonstrates throughout his

novel The Road what life would be like if we were to destroy our planet. I often relate music to

fiction when envisioning a world such as this. Below are three songs that inspired my

interpretation of the novel.

The first song is by the band Imagine Dragons titled Radioactive. It depicts the

possibility of living in a world full of evil and temptation. The bands lead vocalist Dan Reynolds

is quoted as having said: "That it is basically a song about my struggle with anxiety and

depression," Reynolds says. "It's about becoming self-empowered and rising above that. I wanted

to write a masculine and primal song about conjuring and rising above human weakness..."

The second song is by Johnny Cash titled The Man Comes Around. It is clearly meant to

depict aspects of the Bible as Mr. Cash was himself deeply religious. If you examine the lyrics

closely, it becomes clear that Cash is giving a very clear message to his listeners – he’s

saying, “make a choice, before it’s too late”. That we should choose to not destroy our

world.

The third song by Gary Jules titled Mad World is interesting in the fact that he

attempts to demoralize and at the same time humanize the existence of mankind and our

traditions. In essence that our existence is meaningless only in the aspect of not wanting to

find a meaning to life. Hope, love, and procreation are the only aspects of life that fulfill

meaning in our wasting lives of destruction.

Explanation 2: Ely - The Old Wise Man

For my second multi modal piece I opted to showcase one of the most interesting

characters found in Cormac McCarthy's The Road, the character aptly named Ely. I think that

McCarthy whom dedicated his book to the memory of his own son did this to praise the word of

God in the aspect that Ely is the only singular character with a name throughout the entire novel.

I believe he is here to test the man's charity and the boys humanity at the midway point of their

journey in the story.

They have this chance encounter when they see him traveling along the road in front of

them. The boy wishes to keep and feed him and the father initially does not. However after a

brief conversation with his son the father concedes to share a single meal with this seemly rare

stranger when he asks...

Do you want to eat with us (man)?

I don't know (Ely).

You don't know (man).

Eat what (Ely)?

Maybe some beef stew. With crackers. And coffee" (man).

It's a clear sign of compassion and perseverance that this seemingly older man whom

looks world weary has managed to survive in a word so full of horror, death, and decay. McCarty

makes this character rather obvious by naming the man Ely which could easily be read as a

pseudonym for the well known wandering prophet of the Old Testament, Elijah.

The Bible describes Elijah as a miracle worker, capable of resurrection, and bringing

down fire from the sky, as well as being the only man in the Bible taken to heaven on a great

chariot of fire without ever having died. This description alone coincides with the overall theme

of humanity's perseverance found throughout the novel. The Biblical interpretation of Elijah as

'bringing down fire from the sky' is metaphorical in a sense throughout the novel it paints a

picture of mankind taking this historical journey and seemingly walking along a spiritual path as

told thru the eyes of this father and son.

 In The Road, it is a mystery as to how old Ely truly is and just how long he has been

traveling for by himself. And when the man asks how long he has been on the road Ely replies “I

have always been on the road” (236). Ely a short time later states that “there is no God and we

are his prophets” (236). It is these few riveting sentences that demonstrates humanities

abandonment of God and Ely's rekindling of the man's faith to believe in himself and humanity

again. I believe this is the tipping point in the novel upon which the man knows that he will do

everything possible to keep his boy alive at any cost and to persevere for as long as humanly

possible.

Explanation 3: The brook trout in the stream!

For my third and final multi modal piece I chose a simple hand drawn picture of a fish

with a rather funny looking demeanor whose eyes are focused on any man capable of leering

back at it. Demonstrating it's simple yet fragile nature of life on our planet, this food source is a

traditional staple of perseverance in our world. If we were to lose it, we would lose ourselves.

In truth the last paragraph could be interpreted in many ways. And for a novel that is

littered with what could be argumentatively be described as the darkest and most destructive

reality that mankind has either caused and/or has had the misfortune of being suffered with. The

description of the brook trout in the last paragraph when McCarthy says "You could see them

standing in the amber current where the white edges of their fins wimpled softly in the flow"

(286) can either be read as the fall of the human species in the respects that one of the world's

most abundant and simple food sources either no longer exist and that it is now merely a dream

or a campfire story that is passed along with the small remnants of humanity. Or that the boy was

lucky enough to find a kind soul to take him in and protect him mere days after the death of his

father and that man like the fish will persevere and survive.

In a way this interpretation makes mankind fortunate and serendipitous in the fact that we

as the dominant species on our planet are our own salvation as well as our own destroyers of our

world. There is a chance that if we do not nurture the resources that our planet has given us that

we may squander them into our own extinction.

Works Cited

McCarthy, Cormac. “The Road” Ney York: Vintage Books, 2006. Print.