Andy Martin, RodgerAnderson,

Bob Ference, Oliver Han

IPS 14-15

API RP19B Section 1Data:Food for Thought

12 May 2014, 2 IPS 14-15

API RP19B Section 1 Data

• Overview of Section 1

• Concrete: Sand

• Registered Section 1

Data

• Discussion

12 May 2014, 3 IPS 14-15

API RP19B: RecommendedPractices for Evaluation of Well

Perforators

12 May 2014, 4 IPS 14-15

API RP 43

5th Edition Expired in 1998

API RP 19B

1st Edition November 2000

2nd Edition September 2006

API RP 19RWitness Program May 2003

API RP 19B Timeline

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2nd Edition—Section 1

• The ONLY test of a complete gun system: shotdensity and phasing

• 5000 psi Concrete Target– Briquette strength Target strength

– Briquette strength much higher

– Used only as a go-no go test

• Minimum run 1000 charges

• Aged 28 days– Target and charges

• System test minimum 12shots

12 May 2014, 6 IPS 14-15

2nd Edition—Section 1

Test Site Casing

Gunpositionedin target

Shot gun

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Target Ready for API Witness

Witness monitorsand records data

Target split open

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Typical API Data Sheet

System Description

Shaped Charge Details

Target DetailsAverages

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• Gun System test into a concrete target (16/30frac sand, 1.2 to 0.6 mm) SPE 39457 (Brooks et al)

• Gun position important

• SPF & Phasing important

• Penetration & EH

2nd Edition—Section 1

Penetration in Quartz Sand Target

Sand Size (mm)

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Pen

etra

tion

(in

.)10

20

30

40

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Concrete: Sand Effect

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11 SalsmanPerforating School

Penetration in Quartz Sand Target

Sand Size (mm)

0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0

Pen

etra

tion

(in

.)

10

20

30

40

Sand Size Effect – 2 different gun systems

SPE 39457 (1998)

RP43 Sand Range

Penetration coulddouble by using finesand which also hasa higher UCS

RP19B SandRange

Penetration rangetighter but couldstill be affected bysand

Should be 99% Quartz

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Registered Section 1 in Numbers

• 25 Registered Manufacturers

• 9 Chinese, 7 Russian, 6 North American, 1 German, Argentinian,Indonesian and Mexican

• 637 Registered Systems

• 462 Deep Penetrating, 142 Big Hole, 17 Good Hole, 6 Reactiveshaped charges

• 589 Expendable Hollow Carrier, 55 Strip, 2 Pivot, 1 Port Plug guns

• 23 gun sizes

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Registered Data

http://www.api.org/certification-programs/witnessing-

programs/perforator-witnessing-program.aspx

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Registered Systems by Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number

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Gun Systems by Charge Type

0

20

40

60

80

100

120"1

.56"

"1.6

875"

"2"

"2.1

25"

"2.2

5"

"2.3

75"

"2.5

"

"2.7

5"

"2.8

75"

"3.1

25"

"3.3

75"

"3.5

"

"4"

"4.5

"

"4.6

25"

"4.7

2"

"4.7

5"

"5"

"6"

"6.2

5"

"6.5

"

"6.6

25

"7"

BH

DP

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Guns Systems by Explosive Type

0

20

40

60

80

100

120"1

.56"

"1.6

875"

"2"

"2.1

25"

"2.2

5"

"2.3

75"

"2.5

"

"2.7

5"

"2.8

75"

"3.1

25"

"3.3

75"

"3.5

"

"4"

"4.5

"

"4.6

25"

"4.7

2"

"4.7

5"

"5"

"6"

"6.2

5"

"6.5

"

"6.6

25

"7"

HNS

HMX

RDX

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Discussion Points

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What Counts?

• There should be a minimum of 12 shots: two sheetsshow average of 10 shots

• All data should be included expect for shots out oftarget: 11 sheets deliberately excluded low shots inthe average

• Some shots are reported lost or missing: 171 sheetsreport lost shots; 130 of these from only 5companies

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Gun Position: Centralization?

• Guns should be positionedas they are run in a realwell: 64 sheets report gunsperfectly centralized

• Water can have a bigimpact on both penetrationand casing entrance holediameter

• Big Hole charges for gravelpack are very sensitive tostand-off

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Witness Program

• Witnessing is animportant part of theprocess: several Russiancompanies report selfassessed. One companyused 3 Americanwitnesses.

• There are at least 10 reported NorthAmerican witnesses that seem to witnesstests for several companies.

• There are witnesses outside of NorthAmerica

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0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

0 1 2 3 4

System

Through-tubing EHC Gun

2 1/8" Strip Gun

2 1/2" Strip Gun

Casing EHC Gun

Witnessed

Witnessed

Witnessed

Witnessed

Published

Published QC Shots

Published

Should Tests Be Repeated?

This is data from tests we did on 3rd party supplier

12 May 2014, 22 IPS 14-15

Good for Sales?

0

20

40

60

80

1002001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

• Many tenders call for APIsection 1 test data

• One company shot data inone year only. Next yearthe company was sold.They have not shot datasince

12 May 2014, 23 IPS 14-15

Normalization, 19B, 43, QC?

• 19B briquette is go/no-go test

• 43 is not equal to 19B and expired in 1998

• QC data is not equal to 19B

• What about Rock Performance?

12 May 2014, 24 IPS 14-15

API RP19B Section 1 Data

• Overview of Section 1

• Concrete: Sand

• Registered Section 1

Data

• Discussion