Apache Ft Manual

CONTENTS www.TheAviatorNetwork.com Multi FTM PAGE 1 © 2011 01-17-2011

PA-23-160 FTM CONTENTS

MULTI – ENGINE FLIGHT TRAINING MANUAL

PA-23-160

GRYDER NETWORKS, LLC

Dan Gryder, CFII, MEI, ATP, AGI DC-3 DC-9 CE-500 B-757 B-767 B-777

The Herpa DC-3 N143D 147 Sky Harbor Way

Griffin, GA 30224 678-688-7069… Office 678-371-2793…Text

www.TheDC-3Network.com [email protected]

FACEBOOK: Dan Gryder



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction……………..……………………... 3 Normal Checklists………………......……….. 10 Emergency Checklists………….............…... 15 Airplane Flying Handbook (AMEL)............... 17 Piper Apache POH…………………………... 49



INTRODUCTION Are you ready? Welcome to the world of advanced flight training that we know as multi-engine flight training. The days that you will spend learning this material and flying these aircraft will be some of the most challenging and rewarding in your flying career. Our emphasis is on safety and being prepared for an event that may never actually happen to you. The light twin represents a significant improvement in performance and an added safety feature by having a second engine available. It also represents a significant new danger because of the induced turning moment (yaw) imposed on the aircraft when one engine fails (creates drag) with the other engine is still producing full power. The basic thrust of this course involves preparing you as the pilot for that catastrophic failure – and emphasizing your overall benefit in being ready for it when it does occur. R U E ? This document has been designed to give you some advanced reading material in anticipation of your arrival at our flight training facility in Griffin, Georgia. Prior to your arrival, you should print out this PDF in its entirety and read through it several times. This course material is the same regardless of the course that you are attempting to complete. The multi engine courses that we currently offer are as follows:

• Private Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges • Private Pilot AMEL, without instrument privileges • Commercial Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges (existing Comm for ASEL) • Commercial Pilot AMEL, without instrument privileges (existing Comm for ASEL) • Commercial Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges (no existing Comm for ASEL) • Commercial Pilot AMEL, without instrument privileges (no existing Comm for ASEL) • Airline Transport Pilot AMEL, with instrument privileges

The checklists included in this document are the ones you will be using in the airplane regardless of the training course to be completed. The checklists are to be used for all phases of flight that are not time critical. The only two "recall items" that you will be required to know are for engine failure during takeoff before Vmc, and engine failure after lift-off scenarios.



ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE Vmc: Be able to recite the following: (aloud) Throttles……. CLOSE Brakes….…… APPLY ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF: Be able to recite the following: (aloud) Engine failure! Gear up Identify Verify Feather Blue line Checklist In being able to verbalize these sets of words aloud, you will in essence talk yourself in to what to do, and you will actually follow your own commands! This works real well and is a technique used by flight departments and major airlines around the world. In addition to the two recall items, we have two simple "flows" that you should be able to perform. A flow is a method of actually operating the aircraft by turning a set of controls or switches on or off in a logical order and in a consistent manner. A printed checklist is then used to “confirm” that the flow has been done correctly and that all appropriate controls have been positioned appropriately. This is more of a “confirmation” after the work had been performed. The after takeoff “flow” is as follows: Gear up 25 / 25 Blue line Boost pumps off Landing light off Checklist The before landing “flow” is as follows: Speed below 125 MPH Gear down 3 green Boost pumps on Props forward Flaps down Landing light on



The published speeds for the Piper Apache are in MPH and are listed as follows: Vso 56 MPH Vs1 62 MPH Vmc 73 MPH Vx 75 MPH Vxse 85 MPH Vy 100 MPH Vyse 95 MPH Vlo 125 MPH Vle 125 MPH Vfe 100 MPH Vno 187 MPH Vne 227 MPH Va 130MPH The normal and emergency checklists are included on the following pages and are also onboard each aircraft. The aircraft that we use for flight training are Piper PA-23 series. These aircraft were both built in 1958 and have been highly modified for flight training. Each aircraft has Lycoming O-320 engines and constant speed propellers and are rated at 160 HP per engine. The aircraft are virtually identical with minor differences in interior and avionics layout. Each aircraft features a Garmin radio package and an HSI. N4001P



Preflight Inspection

N23GN gn



DIFFERENCES IN MULTI - ENGINE FLIGHT TRAINING PHILOSOPHIES Since the creation of smaller light twin multi engine aircraft – convention has almost unanimously adhered to a specific philosophy for flight training regarding the engine failure PROCEDURE. This philosophy basically says that regardless of the phase of flight or the aircraft that you are in, if an engine failure occurs you should accomplish the following: Mixtures full forward Propeller controls full forward Throttles full forward Flaps up Gear up Identify Verify Feather Complete the engine failure checklist. This method has served well and had been effective in many instances. However, this method does leave some room for less than optimal performance in some cases. First, for any takeoff in a light twin the flaps are already up. Second, many aircraft are equipped with turbo chargers or methods of obtaining greater than ambient manifold power. If an engine has failed, there are cases where a pilot would not be wise to select firewall power on the ONLY remaining power source. Also, for an engine failure in cruise, it is not necessary to advance all six levers to the firewall position. This could in effect cause both engines to not operate normally depending on the altitude of the aircraft during the failure. What we have refined now is one simple memory item that works regardless of the aircraft, altitude, or phase of flight that the failure occurs. This philosophy basically removes the first three steps of the traditional method and “saves” them for the end. Engine failure! Gear up Identify Verify Feather Blue line Checklist The word “blue line” is designed to prompt the pilot to recheck airspeed. On takeoff, the flaps are already up (see taxi and before takeoff checklists) and the engine control levers are already in their desired takeoff positions. If the loss occurs later in the flight, a checking of speed may prompt a pilot to carefully consider slowly adding power if necessary by advancing the prop control first, then the throttle.



You can see a video demonstration of this by clicking here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avuhR_EVd_I In this video the pilot is at cruise altitude when the failure occurs. He recognizes the failure and selects gear up, then identifies, verifies, and feathers. Slowly after he has confirmed positive control he recognizes the need for a bit more power and advances the throttle just slightly. We think of this as “power as required”, eliminating the arbitrary possibly damaging effects of mindlessly advancing all controls by rote memory regardless of the phase of flight. In summary, if your failure occurs on takeoff, the 6 engine controls are already set to maximum or the desired position. If the failure occurs later, it allows the pilot the time to ascertain carefully how to treat that last remaining life saving powerplant that will have the task of carrying the aircraft and its occupants back to a suitable field for landing. The nature of our training course is very intense. Since there are no simulators for the PA-23 series aircraft, you can expect to experience numerous actual engine failures. Going through the procedure of experiencing the failure and following the training will greatly enhance your abilities and confidence. You will be ready.



While the aircraft are very well equipped with Garmin radios and moving map displays, the thrust of the course is very much on airmanship and aircraft control. We look forward to flying and training with you! R U E ? Dan Gryder CFII, MEI, ATP



BEFORE START EXTERIOR PREFLIGHT…….……….. COMPLETE

PASSENGER BRIEFING.................... COMPLETE

AVIONICS MASTER....................................... OFF

CIRCUIT BREAKERS……………......... CHECKED

FUEL…………………………............. MAIN TANKS

FUEL CROSSFEED........................................ OFF

CARBURETOR HEAT..................................... OFF

GENERATOR SWITCHES................................ ON

LANDING GEAR HANDLE..................... NEUTRAL

FLAP HANDLE………………………….…… DOWN

AUX HYDRAULIC PUMP………..….………. PUMP

FLAP HANDLE………………….……….. NEUTRAL



ENGINE START MIXTURES.................................................... RICH

THROTTLES........................................... 1/8 INCH

MASTER SWITCH………………...................... ON

LANDING GEAR LIGHTS....................... 3 GREEN

FUEL QUANTITY……........................... CHECKED

BOOST PUMPS............................ ON / CHECKED

BOOST PUMPS.............................................. OFF

MAGNETOS (4)…………...…………..………… ON

START LEFT ENGINE

LEFT ENGINE OIL PRESSURE............ CHECKED

MIXTURE....................................................... LEAN

THROTTLE............................................. 1000 RPM START RIGHT ENGINE

RIGHT ENGINE OIL PRESSURE.......... CHECKED

MIXTURE....................................................... LEAN

THROTTLE............................................. 1000 RPM AVIONICS MASTER.......................................... ON

ATIS / ASOS.............................................. OBTAIN

ALTIMETERS……………………...................... SET

NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS........................ SET

TRANSPONDER……....................................... ALT



TAXI FLAPS……………….......................................... UP

BRAKES................................................ CHECKED

TURN COORDINATOR......................... CHECKED

ARTIFICIAL HORIZON………............... CHECKED

FLIGHT CONTROLS............................. CHECKED

DIRECTIONAL GYRO…….............................. SET

BOOST PUMPS............................ ON / CHECKED

BOOST PUMPS.............................................. OFF

RUNUP MIXTURES..................................................... RICH

THROTTLES................................................... 1800

PROPELLERS………………....................... CYCLE

MAGNETOS............................................... CHECK

CARBURETOR HEAT……......................... CHECK

GENERATORS........................................... CHECK

ENGINE GAUGES...................................... CHECK

SUCTION.................................................... CHECK

FUEL PRESSURE...................................... CHECK



BEFORE TAKEOFF DIRETIONAL GYRO........................................ SET

TRIM................................................................ SET

FLAPS………………......................................... UP

FUEL PUMPS................................................... ON

LANDING LIGHT……....................................... ON

TRAFFIC.................................................... CHECK

ENGINE FAILURE PLAN.............................. R U E

CLIMB GEAR................................................................. UP

POWER............................................................ SET

AIRSPEED………………....................... BLUE LINE

BOOST PUMPS............................................... OFF

LANDING LIGHT……....................................... OFF

CRUISE POWER............................................................ SET

PROPS.......................................................... SYNC

MIXTURES…………….................... AS REQUIRED

ENGINE INSTRUMENTS............................ CHECK



APPROACH ATIS / ASOS.............................................. OBTAIN

RADIOS............................................................ SET

NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS……….............. SET

BEFORE LANDING GEAR......................................... DOWN / 3 GREEN

BOOST PUMPS................................................. ON

PROPELLERS……………............... AS REQUIRED

FLAPS............................................. AS REQUIRED

LANDING LIGHT……......................................... ON



SECURING CHECKLIST MAGNETOS..................................................... OFF

FUEL PUMP..................................................... OFF

GENERATOR………………............................. OFF

FUEL SELECTOR............................................ OFF

HEATER FAN……........................................... OFF

LANDING LIGHT.............................................. OFF

CROSSFEED FUEL SELECTOR INOP ENGINE..................... ON

BOOST PUMP INOP ENGINE........................... ON

CROSSFEED VALVE………………................... ON

OP. ENGINE FUEL SELECTOR VALVE.......... OFF

UN-CROSSFEED OP. ENGINE FUEL SELECTOR........................ ON

CROSSFEED VALVE....................................... OFF

BOOST PUMP INOP ENGINE…….…….......... OFF

FUEL SELECTOR INOP ENGINE.................... OFF



AIRSTART OP. ENGINE FUEL SELECTOR......................... ON

CARBURETOR HEAT....................................... OFF

INOP ENGINE MAGNETOS……........................ ON

AVIONICS......................................................... OFF

INOP ENGINE MIXTURE……......................... RICH

INOP ENGINE THROTTLE........................ 1/8 INCH

INOP ENGINE PROP............................. FORWARD

INOP ENGINE FUEL PUMP............................... ON

INOP ENGINE GENERATOR............................. ON

STARTER................................................. ENGAGE

RPM........................................................ MONITOR

AVIONICS.......................................................... ON

CHT / EGT.............................................. MONITOR



































































PIPER APACHE OWNER’S MANUAL NOTE: This is an original copy of the Pilot’s Operating Handbook of the Apache from 1958. It has not been updated and is not intended for use in flight planning. This book is for reference only.



















































































































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Apache Ft Manual