APA Writing Style II

Methods and Results

Methods

Possible subsections:1. Participants

2. Apparatus (or Materials)

3. Procedure

4. Measures

Method: Participants

How many How they were selected Payments made or credits given for

participation, if applicable Major demographic characteristics

Sex, age, race/ethnicity Economic status, disability status, sexual

orientation Other characteristic

Method: Apparatus

Describe specialized materials or equipment used in the study

We will often not have any, so omit this section

Method: Procedure

Instructions to participants Experimental manipulations Deception

Randomization and/or counterbalancing Other controls Include description of measures here or in a

separate measures section

If simple questionnaire/survey, can combine with Participants section or leave separate.

Method: Measures

Describes the measures you used You must include ALL measures, even measures

such as age, race, or gender. Include:

The name of the measure (when applicable) and what it assesses

Number of items in the scale (if known) Range of scores (if known) What higher or lower scores indicate OR

categories (levels) in the measure

Methods

Subsections you will probably have1. Participants

2. Procedure

3. Measures

OR:1. Participants and Procedure

2. Measures

Results Summarize data collected and statistical

analyses Mention all relevant results, even if counter to

hypothesis

Often useful to restate findings in plain language

Do NOT discuss implications of results here Not necessary to include any tables (DO

NOT paste your output into the paper)

Results

Age and extraversion were negatively correlated (r = -.45, p < .01).

Restate in English: That is, younger people were more extraverted.

Format Issues

Double space Never hit enter twice, never single space

12 point font, 1 inch margins Indent first line of each paragraph (1/2 inch) except

abstract, which is not indented Order:

Title page (separate page, numbered page 1) Abstract (separate page, numbered page 2) Text (separate page, numbered page 3)

Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion References (start on separate page)

Multiple identities 1

Running head: NEGOTIATING MULTIPLE IDENTITIES

The importance of centrality for negotiating multiple identities

Isis H. Settles

Michigan State University

Header with short version of title and Page # on EVERY PAGE

Flush Left

50 characters or less, ALL CAPS

ALL LINES CENTERED

1st: Title, 1st word only capitalized

2nd: Your name

3rd: MSU

TITLE PAGE FORMAT

Abstract

120 words or less Overview of your study with only key

information Main purpose Sample & Method Results (in “English”) One implication of results

Do NOT indent

References

Hanging indent – first line is left-justified, indent all following lines

Order is alphabetical If same author, the in order by year (earliest

first) Italicize the journal name and volume

number, but not issue number (for a journal article) or book title (for a book)