APA STYLE _____________

Use quotations when they are brief, memorable, and so well stated that a paraphrase would reduce their impact.

Faulty: Television advertising exploded in the Fifties.

“Advertising agencies increased spending on television commercials from $10 million in 1948 to $2 billion in 1952” (Smith, 2004, p. 16).

Correct: Television advertising exploded in the Fifties. According

to Kai Smith (2004), “Advertising agencies increased spending on television commercials from $10 million in 1948 to $2 billion in 1952” (p. 16).▪ Or

Television advertising exploded in the Fifties, with advertising agencies increasing spending “from $10 million in 1948 to $2 billion in 1952” (Smith, 2004, p. 16).

Faulty: President Roosevelt showed signs of declining health as

early as 1942. Sheridan (1954) noted, “His hands trembled when writing, he complained of headaches, and he often seemed unable to follow the flow of conversation around him” (pp. 34-35).

Correct: President Roosevelt showed signs of declining health as

early as 1942. George Sheridan (1954), an aide to the president, noted, “His hands trembled when writing, he complained of headaches, and he often seemed unable to follow the flow of conversation around him” (pp. 34-35).

Original Source (The Plague by Sandra Bert, page 23): The medical community of San Francisco was

overwhelmed by the sudden increase in AIDS cases in the early 1980s. Tim Watson, a physician in the Bay Area, said, “It was like being hit by a tidal wave. We went home every night absolutely stunned by the influx of dying young men.”

Using this source and quoting Tim Watson in your paper: Within a few years the number of AIDS cases in the Bay

Area, exploded. Physicians were shocked by the rising number of patients with untreatable infections. “It was like being hit by a tidal wave,” one physician, Tim Watson, remembered (as cited in Bert, 2005, p. 23).

Original: article online, written February 10, 2008 by James Kirkland The governor vetoed the education bill, which had been

backed by a coalition of taxpayers and unions, because it cut aid to inner city schools.

Shortened quotation using ellipsis points: Kirkland (2008) reported that “the governor vetoed the

education bill . . . because it cut aid to inner city schools.”

According to Turner (1991), “George Roosevelt [no relation to the President] left the Democratic Party in 1935, troubled by the deepening Depression” (p. 30).

You are writing a paper and want to include the following quotation from the book The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream, by Barack Obama:

“After all, the problems of poverty and racism, the uninsured and the unemployed, are not simply technical problems. They are rooted in societal indifference and individual callousness.”

The publication date for the book was October 17, 2006. The page the quotation can be found on is page 214.

Format and cite the quotation as you would in your paper.

A quotation of forty words or more should be formatted as a block quote.

Introduce block quotes with a complete sentence followed by a colon.

Indent each line 5 spaces or ½ inch from the left margin.

Do not enclose it with quotation marks.

Do not indent the first line an extra five spaces.

However, do indent the first line of any additional paragraphs in the block quotation.

Set parenthetical citations outside the last period.

In The Sundance Writer, Mark Connelly (2007) provides guidelines for using direct quotations:

Direct quotations give power and authority to your research paper by introducing the words of others just as they were written or stated. But to be effective, direct quotations must be carefully chosen, accurately presented, and skillfully woven into the text of your paper. (p. 785)

You are writing a paper about John McCain. You wish to include the following quotation from his book Faith of My Fathers: A Family Memoir:

“I am a public figure now, and my public profile is inextricably linked to my POW experiences. Obviously, such recognition has benefited my political career, and I am grateful for that. . . . But I have tried to make what use I can of Vietnam and not let the memories of war encumber the rest of my life’s progress.”

The book was published on November 9, 1999. This quotation can be found on pages 346-347.

Format and cite the quotation as you would for your paper. Note that it is over 40 words long. Therefore, it needs to be formatted as a block quotation.

Cite the source in parentheses immediately after the quotation marks, and continue the sentence.

Barnet and Bedau (2011) said that “plagiarism is not limited to the unacknowledged quotation of words” (p. 206) and that this is a common misconception.

In “The Undercover Parent,” Harlan Coben (2011) stated that “everything your child types can already be seen by the world” and urged parents to use spyware (p. 22).

In “The Undercover Parent,” Harlan Coben (2011) stated that “everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22) and urged parents to use spyware.

(The way you introduce a quotation will affect the capitalization of the first word in the quotation.)

According to Harlan Coben (2011), “Everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

Harlan Coben (2011) stated that “everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

Harlan Coben (2011) stated, “Everything your child types can already be

seen by the world” (p. 22).

Harlan Coben (2011) said, “Everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

According to Harlan Coben (2011) stated, “Everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

Harlan Coben (2011) stated that “Everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

Harlan Coben (2011) stated, “everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

Harlan Coben (2011) said, “Everything your child types can already be seen by the world” (p. 22).

If your source is an online document that does not have marked page numbers, put paragraph numbers or headings and paragraph numbers.

The Outdoor Preservation Agency (2011) urges citizens to “contribute not only time but intellect to recycling endeavors” (“What You Can Do,” para. 6).

The first letter of a quotation can be changed from upper case to lower case.

Original statement:“Do not omit citations embedded within the original

material you are quoting” (APA, 2010, p. 173).

Quoted statement: The APA (2010) manual said, “Do not omit citations embedded

within the original material you are quoting” (p. 173).

To follow the advise of the APA (2010) manual, “do not omit citations embedded within the original material you are quoting” (p. 173).,

Other permissible changes in quotations include end punctuation and quotation marks:

If you want to emphasize a word, italicize it and follow that word with [emphasis added].

Do not omit citations embedded within material your are quoting.

“In the United States, the American Cancer Society (2007) estimated that about 1 million cases of NMSC and 59, 940 cases of melanoma would be diagnosed in 2007, with melanoma resulting in 8, 110 deaths” ( Miller et al., 2009, p. 209).

Source: APA Manual pages 172-173