APA Style Essay - Corporate Social Responsibility

8/4/2019 APA Style Essay - Corporate Social Responsibility

1/20

@at~ate}c Pa`gej Tcp~ahpgdgjg}w

@AT^ATE]C PA@GEJ TCP^AHPGDGJG]W

Heoc;

Ltemc @astpc;

]s}atp Heoc;

"53* Pc~}codct* 4>5>'


2/20


]edjc ai @ah}ch}p

êt} G/ @e~g}ejgpo ehm bsoeh be~~ghcpp ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((0

Etlsoch}p ps~~at}ghl è~g}ejgpo ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=

Etlsoch}p eleghp} è~g}ejgpo ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((9

@ah`jspgah ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((2

êt} 4/Mctgye}gyc Oehelcedjc Tgpf ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((7

Ps~~at}ghl Gppscp ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5>

A~~apghl Gppscp ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((54

@ah`jspgah ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5=

êt} 0/ Pbasjm ~tg`c laslghl dc tclsje}cm1 ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((53

Ps~~at}ghl Gppscp ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5

4


3/20



Gh}tams`}gah

]bc ~e~ct gp edas} àt~ate}c pa`gej tcp~ahpgdgjg}w( G} gp mgp`sppcm gh }btcc ~et}p* ~et} ahc

`tg}gèjjw ehejw{cp |bc}bct è~g}ejgpo èh jcem }a bsoeh be~~ghcpp* da}b emyeh}elcp ehm

mgpemyeh}elcp ai è~g}ejgpo etc dtaslb} iat}b(

êt} }|a jaafp gh mc}egj }bc gppsc ai oehelghl tgpfp ai mctgye}gycp* da}b }bc ps~~at}ghl ehm

a~~apghl gppscp etc ejpa mgp`sppcm ehm e àh`jspgah e} }bc chm ai }bgp ~et}( Ighejjw* ~et} }btcc

mgp`sppcp gh mc}egj |bc}bct }bc ~tg`c laslghl pbasjm dc tclsje}cm( ]bc emyeh}elcp ehm

mgpemyeh}elcp ai }bgp gmce etc `tg}gèjjw ehejw{cm( Gh ejj }bcpc }btcc ~et}p* e àh`jspgah gp lgych(

E`àtmghl }a |atjm dspghcpp àsh`gj iat psp}eghedjc mcycja~och} ~sdjgè}gah dw Bajoc

ehm \e}}p* àt~ate}c pa`gej tcp~ahpgdgjg}w "@TP' tcictp }a e àh}ghsasp àoog}och} dw dspghcpp }a

dcbeyc gh c}bgèj oehhct |bgjc àh}tgds}ghl }a càhaog` lta|}b ehm e} }bc peoc }goc go~tayghl

}bc usejg}w ai jgic ai }bc co~jawccp ehm }bcgt ieogjgcp }alc}bct |g}b }be} ai }bc ch}gtc àooshg}w

ehm pa`gc}w ep e |bajc(

@TP ~ajg`gcp etc gh/dsgj} ehm pctyc ep pcji tclsje}ghl oc`behgpo gh |bg`b dspghcppcp ma

oahg}at ehm chpstc g} ps~~at}p }bc crgp}ghl je|p* c}bgèj p}ehmetmp ep |cjj ep gh}cthe}gahej hatop(

Lchctejjw* @TP gp }bc mcjgdcte}c gh`jspgah ai }bc ~sdjg` gh}ctcp} gh }bc àt~ate}c mc`gpgah oefghl

ehm bahatghl ai e }tg~jc da}}ao jghc |bg`b gh`jsmc6 ~ca~jc* ~>jehc} ehm ~taig}(

êt} G/ @e~g}ejgpo ehm bsoeh be~~ghcpp

@e~g}ejgpo e`àtmghl }a Bsh}ct "4>>


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ghycp} gh dspghcppcp* ehm |elcp etc ~egm }a |atfctp co~jawcm dw dspghcppcp( ]bgp pwp}co gp

e}}tgds}cm }a oatc ciig`gch`w* ja|ct ~tg`cp iat laamp ehm pctyg`cp* tgpc gh eiijsch`c ehm dc}}ct

~tams`}p ai bglb usejg}w(

Ah }bgp gppsc Emeo pog}b pegm gi pcji gh}ctcp} ~ca~jc etc ejahc }a pccf }bcgt a|h c`ahaog`

emyeh}elc* }bc tcpsj} shgh}chmcm dw ehwahc ai }bco* |gjj dc ltce}ct emyeh}elc iat ejj "Bsh}ct*

4>>


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ai ~ta~ct}w a|hctpbg~ bep dcch jghfcm }a je`f ai càhaog` lta|}b cp~c`gejjw gh mcycja~ghl

àsh}tgcp oap} ai |bg`b etc gh Eitgè(

@e~g}ejgpo gh g}p a|h pchpc ejja|p ehw ~ctpah at ltas~ ai ~ctpah }a chlelc gh dspghcppcp(

G} gp |at}b ha}ghl }be} |bch oatc }beh ahc ltas~ ych}stcp gh }bc peoc dspghcpp* ào~c}g}gah |gjj

es}aoe}gèjjw a``st( Càhaogp} beyc etlscm }be} ào~c}g}gah dtghl edas} bglb usejg}w ~tams`}p

}be} etc eiiatmedjc( ]bc icet ai oaha~ajw etgpghl gh }bgp pwp}co gp ào~jc}cjw emmtcppcm dw

tclsje}atw oc`behgpop( Yctw laam creo~jcp crgp} cp~c`gejjw gh es}aoadgjc ghmsp}tgcp ehm

}cjcàooshgè}gah ehm oadgjc ghmsp}tgcp(

@ao~c}g}gah depgèjjw jcemp }a ciig`gch} ~tams`}gah ep |cjj ep mwheog` ciig`gch`w gh |bg`b

igtop etc è~edjc ai tcp~ahmghl }a `behlcp gh `sp}aoctp ~tcictch`cp ehm hccmp(

Emmg}gahejjw Bsh}ct "4>>


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às~jcm |g}b }bc itcc |gjj ai àt~ate}gah ehm |atfghl betm* cyctw ghmgygmsej bep e `beh`c ai

dcàoghl e ogjjgahegtc(

@e~g}ejgpo ejpa dtghlp as} }bc àh`c~} ai igheh`gej gh`ch}gyc( G} bep dcch psllcp}cm }be}

~ca~jc |atf cr}te betm |bch }bctc gp e igheh gej dchcig}( Gh Oepja| bgctet`bw ai hccm* pcji

e`}sejg{e}gah èh dc e}}eghcm ahjw |g}b e è~g}ejgpo pc}s~( \c pcc ch}tc~tchcstp }efghl }bc tgpf ehm

ghhaye}gycjw pc} s~ dspghcppcp dcèspc ai }bc igheh`gej tc|etm cr~c`}cm itao }bc ych}stcp(

@ahpgmctghl }bc ie`} }be} }bc mtgyc }a dc ps``cppisj ep eh ghmgygmsej gp |be} oefcp ~ca~jc iccj

oa}gye}cm edas} }bcgt |atf* tc|etmghl ps`b ~ca~jc |gjj cusejjw oefc }bco iccj pe}gpigcm ehm

be~~gct(

]bgp pwp}co ejpa chpstcp }be} ahc èh ad}egh àa~cte}gah ai a}bctp yajsh}etgjw ehm ha} dw

iat`c( Ighejjw* }bc itccmao eppa`ge}cm |g}b }bgp pwp}co bep oemc bsoeh dcghlp }a ych}stc gh}a

yetgasp igcjmp ehm oc`behgpop ai pajyghl ~tadjcop6 }bgp gh }bc jahl tsh bep oemc }bcgt jgycp dc}}ct*

chkawedjc ehm be~~gct(

Lchctejjw p~cefghl è~g}ejgpo jcemp }a càhaog` lta|}b* bglb jgyghl p}ehmetmp* `tce}cp

oatc a~~at}shg}gcp* ciig`gch} ejjaè}gah ai tcpast`cp* ciig`gch} ~tams`}gah* igheh`gej gh`ch}gycp ehm

iglb} àtts~}gah(

Etlsoch}p eleghp} è~g}ejgpo

]bctc gp ha}bghl gh }bc ch}gtc |atjm }be} macp ha} beyc }bc dem pgmc* ha} cych è~g}ejgpo(

@tg}g`p ai }bc pwp}co eoahl }bco }bc pa`gejgp}* ehet`bgp}* àooshgp}* }c`bha`te}p beyc dtaslb}

iat}b yctw p}tahl etlsoch} eleghp} è~g}ejgpo( ]bc mgpemyeh}elcp ai }bc pwp}co p}cop itao |be}

Fetj Oetr pegm* $Gi ~ca~jc etc jci} }a }bcgt a|h pcji/gh}ctcp}cm mcyg`cp* }bapc |ba a|h }bc ocehp ai

~tams`}gah |gjj te~gmjw tcms`c cyctwahc cjpc }a ygt}sej pjeycp( Ej}baslb }bc ic| oew dc iedsjaspjw

be~~w* ejj a}bctp |asjm jgyc gh ogpctw(

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G} bep dcch psllcp}cm }be} è~g}ejgpo dtghl edas} shcusej mgp}tgds}gah ai tcpast`cp* bch`c

}bc ha}gah }be} }bc |cej}bw |gjj lta| |cej}bgct |bgjc }bc ~aat |gjj dc ~aatct( ]bc pfc|cm

ejjaè}gah ai |cej}b dtaslb} edas} dw }bc pwp}co |gjj ha} ahjw dc icj} dw }bc `sttch} lchcte}gah ds}

dw }bc psdpcusch} ah`c( ]bgp gp dc espc `bgjmtch ai }bc jcpp iat}she}c ~etch}p etc e} e mgpemyeh}elc

}a iglb} gh }bc itcc oetfc} ep ào~etcm }a }bapc itao |cej}bw ~etch}p |ba beyc }bc emyeh}elc ai

ghbctg}ghl ~ta~ct}w ehm cr~ehmghl g}(

]bgp shcusej mgp}tgds}gah ai |cej}b oew bcglb}ch }bc jcycj ai ~ayct}w jcemghl }a

baocjcpphcpp* pjsop* ~aat ocmgèj pctyg`cp bch`c bglb te}cp ai oat}ejg}w ehm mce}b te}cp* ogpctw*

bglb jcycj ai `tgocp* |etp ehm `gygj shtcp} cp~c`gejjw dc}|cch }bc tg`b ehm }bc ~aat gh }bc pa`gc}w(

Ejj }bcpc |gjj p}co itao }bc ie`} }be} }bc |cej}bw gh }bc pa`gc}w oew ogpspc }bc jcpp iat}she}c ahc*

ej}baslb àt~ate}gah gp yajsh}etgjw* }bc ~aat bep ha adjgle}gah }a |atf iat }bc tg`b }a occ} bgp!bct

hccm* ehm |g}b }bgp gh oghm }bc tg`b |gjj ogp}tce} }bc ~aat( ]bc pwp}co bep dcch e}}tgds}cm }a

àhp}eh} e``sosje}gah ai |cej}b }a }bc ejtcemw |cej}bw6 }bgp e`àtmghl }a `tg}g`p chbeh`cp

pctyg}smc(

Gh emmg}gah* |bch }bapc }be} ps~~at} }bc pwp}co etlsc }be} ào~c}g}gahp |gjj e tgpc jcemghl

}a ~tams`}gah ai usejg}w pctyg`cp ehm ~tams`}p e} ja|ct ehm eiiatmedjc ~tg`cp* }bcw pcco }a iatlc}

}be} }bc dspghcppcp }be} |gjj ha} pstygyc gh eh chygtahoch} |gjj |g}bct ehm mgc( Pgogjetjw

oaha~ajgcp }chm }a dc iatocm shmct ps`b e pwp}co( Gh }bgp |ew* }bcw etc è~edjc ai dcghl

~cthg`gasp psllcp}ghl }be} dspghcpp a|hctp ltce}jw ~taig} dw `betlghl cratdg}eh} ~tg`cp ep ps`b

pctyg`cp at ~tams`}p èhha} dc la} cjpc|bctc ehm }bcw beyc }bc ~a|ct }a mc`gmc ah }bc ~tg`cp }a dc

`betlcm( ]bgp oefcp }bc ~aat ~aatct gh }bc pa`gc}w/|gmchghl }bc ~ayct}w le~(

@e~g}ejgpo bep dcch tcletmcm }a dc gtte}gahej dw pa`gejgp} gh }be} ~tams`}gah ehm }bc

mgtc`}gah ai }bc càhaow gp sh~jehhcm* `tce}ghl oehw ghàhpgp}ch`gcp ehm gh}cthej àh}temg`}gahp


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jcemghl }a càhaog` `tsh`b }be} ~tams`cp mc~tcppgahp }be} meoelcp jgycp ai oehw( Msc }a je`f ai

~jehhghl ai }bc c ahaow* ~a}ch}gej is}stc ~tadjcop èh ha} dc iatcpcch ehm ~tcych}cm( Gh cych} ai

}bc a``sttch`c ai càhaog` mc~tcppgah* }bc ~aat ghmgygmsejp gh }bc pa`gc}w |gjj dc jci} |atpc }beh

}bcw |ctc dciatc(

Emmg}gahejjw* e`àtmghl }a Tehm "5724'* è~g}ejgpo bep tegpcm }bc gppsc ai oatejg}w |bgjc

ghmgygmsejp p}tgyc }a dc}}ct }bcgt jgycp( Ej}baslb ~ctpahp etc e`àsh}edjc ehm tcp~ahpgdjc iat }bcgt

e`}gahp gh }bgp pwp}co* itccmao ehm shtclsje}cm e`}gahp |g}bgh e pa`gc}ej pc}}ghl lgycp taao }a

}bapc }be} etc ych}stghl gh yetgasp dspghcppcp }a beto }bc chygtahoch}( ]bc pwp}co ma ha}

hc`cppetgjw tcusgtc }bco }a p}a~ }bcgt e`}gahp ep g} tsghp }bc chygtahoch} ehm }bc |cjj dcghl ai

a}bctp ~taygmcm }bc dspghcpp dtghl tc|etmp( Pgogjetjw* è~g}ejgpo èjjp iat e ah}ghsasp càhaog`

lta|}b6 }bgp |gjj ghcyg}edjw mc~jc}c }bc chygtahoch}(

]bc `tg}g`p etlsc }be} }bc pwp}co oew dc spghl yctw p|cc} jehlselc ai bsoeh tglb}p* cusej

co~jawoch} a~~at}shg}gcp* iegt pejetgcp ehm co~jawccp |cjietc ds} gh tcejg}w* }bcw tcp~c`} }bc tglb}

ai }bapc ha} |cjj ~je`cm gh }bc pa`gc}w }a p}etyc gh }bc pc|ct ehm }bc tglb} ai }bc p}tahl ehm

ps``cppisj ahcp }a oegh}egh }bcgt ~apg}gah( ]bgp èh dc pcch gh shcusej mgp}tgds}gah ai tcpast`cp(

@ah`jspgah

Gh àh`jspgah* ei}ct `japcjw cyejse}ghl }bc etlsoch}p iat ehm eleghp} è~g}ejgpo* G àoc }a

eh eltccoch} }be} è~g}ejgpo ep eh càhaog` pwp}co èh jcem }a e be~~gct bsoeh dcghlp( G} gp

|at}b och}gahghl }be} `sttch}jw* |c etc ha} jgyghl gh e ~stc è~g}ejgpo p`chetga }baslb} dw Emeo

Pog}b( Be~~ghcpp gp mctgycm itao }bc ie`} }be} }bc pa`gc}w gp àh}ghsaspjw cr~ehmghl }bc cr}chpgah

ai ~ctpahej ksmloch} |g}b tcletmp }a }bcgt is}stc gh }bc behmp ai }bc ~ca~jc jcemghl }a `tce}gah ai

oatc ~taig} }be} |bch ~jaslbcm de`f iap}ctp mcycja~och} gh }bc càhaow(

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Eoahl }bc emyeh}elcp ai è~g}ejgpo gh`jsmc ~taoa}ghl càhaog` lta|}b ehm cr~ehpgah*

go~tayghl }bc bsoeh jgyghl p}ehmetmp* ~taygmghl oatc co~jawoch} ehm a~~at}shg}gcp* e tcusgpg}c

ai ~ajg}gèj itccmao* iap}ctp ciig`gch} ejjaè}gah ai tcpast`cp* ciig`gch} ~tams`}gah ehm g} gp e

igheh`gej gh`ch}gyc( Emeo pegm }be} g} lgycp taao }a }bapc |ba etc ghhaye}gyc* }ejch}cm ehm tgpf

}efctp e `beh`c }a isjigjj }bcgt mcpgtcp `tce}c |cej}b ehm e} }bc peoc }goc ksp}giw }bc ~shgpboch} ai

}bc à|etmp* je{w ahcp ep |cjj ep }bapc |ba tcispcm tgpc edayc ocmga`tg}w( ]bc pwp}co ejpa

cp}edjgpbcp e jgdcte}ghl ehm e `gygjg{e}gah pwp}co(

Mcp~g}c }bc och}gahcm ~tap ai }bc pwp}co* è~g}ejgpo bep dcch e}}tgds}cm }a ghcusejg}w

cp~c`gejjw |bch g} àoc }a mgp}tgds}gah ai tcpast`cp ehm co~jawoch} a~~at}shg}gcp* }bc pwp}cop

pccop }a ieyat }bc tg`b |bgjc àh}ghsghl }a ps~~tcpp }bc ~aat( A}bct ~tadjcop eppa`ge}cm |g}b

è~g}ejgpo etc gooadgjg}w* gtte}gahej ehm oaha~ajw dcbeygat(

@ahpgmctghl }bc ie`} }be} |bch paoc p}te}clgcp |gjj dc ~s} gh ~je`c }a `std }bgp ~tadjcop*

è~g}ejgpo p}gjj p}ehmp }a aiict oehfghm ltce}ct be~~ghcpp ep ào~etcm }a ejj a}bct crgp}ghl pwp}cop

cp~c`gejjw pa`gejgpo( @e~g}ejgpo gp ~te`}gèj ehm oatej gp }bc ahjw pwp}co }be} ào~jc}cjw

e`àooame}cp ehm ~taoa}cp }bc gh}tghpg` |at}b ghmgp~chpedjc iat bsoeh jgic( G} s~bajmp }bc

es}ahaow ai }bc es}ahaoasp ~pw`bc ehm gmch}gigcp }bc pglhgigèh`c ai bsoeh dcghlp( Ow mc`gpgah

}a bajm }bc a~ghgah }be} è~g}ejgpo èh jcem }a bsoeh be~~ghcpp p}cop itao Feh}p ehm P}set}p

~bgjapa~bgcp ai @e}clatgèj Go~cte}gyc ehm }bc àh`c~} ai ms}w ehm ltce}cp} laam iat }bc ltce}cp}

hsodct "Tehm* 5724'(

êt} 4/Mctgye}gyc Oehelcedjc Tgpf

Mgtc`}gyc ~tams`}p etc et}g`sje}cm }be} }bcw pctyc yetgasp go~cte}gyc te}gahejcp iat

àhljaocte}cp* ghp}g}s}gahej ehm a}bct ighej spctp( \bch |cjj ~je`cm mctgye}gycp etc yctw cppch}gej

ehm ~taig`gch} }aajp iat yetgasp tcepahp ps`b ep mc`jghghl ishmghl àp}p* gh`tcepcp ghycp}och}

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tc}sthp ehm gh}ctcp} ~tcyetgè}gah ehm mgp`japstc ai cr`behlc te}cp( Ba|cyct* mgtc`}gyc ejpa etc pegm

}a ~apc yctw `tg}gèj gppscp ai psdp}eh}gej tgpfp(

Spsejjw mgtc`}gyc tgpfp |bg`b etc yelscjw shmctp}aam spsejjw ~takc`} àt~ate}gahp*

ghmsp}tgcp( Je|oefctp* `ch}tej dehfctp ehm a}bctp igheh`gej ehejwp} }a mcjgdcte}c da}b ah

mctgye}gycp ~a}ch}gej go~e`}p |bg`b }bcw ~at}tew ah }bc igheh`gej oetfc} ish`}gahghl p}edgjg}w ehm

ciic`}gyc ehm ejpa }bc go~at}eh`c ai eùsgpg}gahghl iat oatc tclsje}gahp "]ewjat* 4>>>'( ]bgp beyc

oemc oekatg}w ai yetgasp chm spctp pchgat oehelctp }a tccyejse}c }bc mctgye}gycp psg}edgjg}w iat

}bcgt àt~ate}gahp(

Oetfc} tgpf gp }bc oap} `tg}gèj tgpf |bg`b eiic`}p mctgye}gycp ehm `behlcp }bc yejsc* }bgp

spsejjw a``stp dcèspc }bctc gp ma`soch}cm `behlc gh shmctjwghl ghmcr at eppc} ~tg`cp( ]bgp tgpf gp

ejpa pgogjet }a iat|etmp ehm a~}gahp* }bgp gp ejpa àhpgmctcm pa dcèspc }bc cppch`cp ai mctgye}gycp

etc oap}jw iap}ctcm dw a~}gah ehm iat|etmp dshmjcp( Spsejjw g} gp et}g`sje}cm }be} iat|etm ào~cjp

ahc ~tgh`g~jc }a dsw ehm }bc a}bct }a pcjj }bc ~tgh`g~ej e} e lgych ~ctgam ehm ~tg`c( Ba|cyct* a~}gah

spsejjw lteh}p }bc ~tgh`g~jc }bc tglb}* ej}baslb ha} }bc tcp~ahpgdgjg}w ai |bc}bct }a ~st`bepc at pcjj

}bc ~tgh`g~ej eppc} e} e lgych ~ctgam ehm ~tg`c(

Ps~~at}ghl Gppscp

Spsejjw g} bep dcch mctgycm e} }be} tgpf gh ehw atlehg{e}gah èhha} dc isjjw og}gle}cm(

Ba|cyct* }bgp bep ejpa dcch crco~jgigcm }be} tgpf èh dc }tehpiatocm gh}a te}bct oehelcedjc

cppch`c( ]bgp bep dcch ps~~at}cm }be} |bch ahc gp spghl lseteh}cc* }bcw e}c e}}co~}ghl }a }tehpict

gh}ehlgdjc àsh}ct~et}w `tcmg} tgpf }a paoc}bghl |bg`b |asjm dc ygc|cm }ehlgdjc ehm oehelcedjc(

Ba|cyct* lseteh}cc g} pcji a~chp maatp iat jgusgmg}w* pc}}jcoch} ehm yejse}gah tgpf( Paoc ai }bc

ishmeoch}ej |bg`b ào~jgoch} ehm og}gle}c }bcpc gppscp etc ciig`gch} àjje}ctejg{e}gah

5>


11/20


oehelcoch} ~ta`cpp "P`b|et}{* 577


12/20


^takc`} tgpfp; spsejjw gh }bc àstpc ai go~jcoch}ghl e ~takc`} }bctc etgpcp yetgasp tgpfp

|bg`b etc ha} gmch}gigedjc dw }bc }epf }ceo mstghl }bcpc ghhaye}gyc ~ctgamp( Ba|cyct }bcpc tgpfp

etc spsejjw oehelcm }btaslb atlehg{e}gah è~edgjg}gcp* ~takc`} pwp}co ehm `sj}stc(

A~~apghl Gppscp

Paoc ai }bc a~~apghl gppscp tclgp}ctcm gh oekatg}w ai }bc oamcj spcm dw }bc ~et}g`g~eh}p

etc spsejjw ejglhcm |g}b ce`b spct beyghl mgyctpc adkc`}gycp ehm }bsp }bcw chm s~ eme~}ghl

ej}cthe}gyc spcp ai mgtc`}gycp( ]bgp gp |bctc }bc spct spsejjw gp oap}jw `ch}tejg{cm ah }bc }ctoghej

yejsc }a dc e`bgcycm itao }bc mctgye}gyc ~tams`}p( Ijs`}se}gah gh }bc è~g}ej oetfc} bep dtaslb}

edas} hc| tcje}gahpbg~ |g}b ce`b yetgedjc gh }bc oetfc}( E`àtmghl }a O`Jeslbjgh "577=' ha}cp

}be} }bgp spsejjw a``stp dcèspc mctgye}gycp etc spsejjw àhpgmctcm }a dc yctw ào~jcr ghp}tsoch}p

gh }bc oetfc}( ]bc mctgye}gycp oetfc} ijs`}se}gah bep dtaslb} edas} betmpbg~ gh ~tcmg`}gah msc }a

}bc `bea}g` he}stc ai }bc oetfc} msc }a }bc àhp}eh} `behlghl àhmg}gahp( Spsejjw msc }a }bc owtgem

gh}cte`}gah ai àsh}jcpp p}efcbajmctp }bc igheh`gej oetfc} spsejjw cr~ctgch`cp ijs`}se}gah ah }bc

~tg`cp ai mgtc }gycp( ]btaslb }bgp }bctc gp cr~apstc ai tgpfp |bg`b ~takc`} }bc atlehg{e}gah }a ja|

ào~ehw cethghl ehm ja| ~tams`}gyg}w ehm }sth ayct( Ba|cyct* ehejwp} beyc mcycja~cm owtgem

mgelhapgp iat àthctghl }bgp c~gmcog`p ep g} àsjm `tsodjc cych }bc |atjm p}tahlcp} càhaow àoc

`te|jghl }a g}p fhcc(

Spsejjw bgp}atgèjjw g} bep dcch p~c`sje}cm }be} igheh`gej ghp}g}s}gah etc ghp}gjjcm |g}b

àoog}}ghl ahc oekat cttat |bg`b spsejjw àp} }bco( ]bgp gp }be} }bcw ~je`c oatc co~bepgp ehm

}tsp} ah àsh}ct~et}wp edgjg}gcp }be} lseteh}ccp }bcgt ~ep} }temcp( ]bgp bep dcch oagp}jw e``tcmg}cm

|g}b }bc tc`ch} owtgem ai `tgpgp gh oehw igheh`gej ghp}g}s}gahp ehm atlehg{e}gahp( ]bctciatc g} gp

cppch}gej }a iap}ct ehm eme~} tgpf oehelcoch} gh}a }bc ~takc`}* itao }bgp e~~tae`b ejj }bc dchcig}

}be} etc gh}chmcm etc leghcm |g}b isjj ciic`}( ]btce}p |g}bgh }bc atlehg{e}gah etc teo~eh} etc }bcw

54


13/20


etc dashm }a dc chàsh}ctcm* ehm }bgp gp dcèspc ai }bc tcpsj} ai pcyctej ije|cm e~~tae`b( ]bctc etc

}bapc ~takc`}p }be} spsejjw spc ha e~~tae`b gh ehw |ew |bgjc }e`fjghl mgtc`}gycp tgpf oehelcoch}(

]bgp gp spsejjw mccocm }a dc as} ai glhateh`c* gi }bgp gp }bcgt igtp} ~takc`} at }bcw beyc

àhigmch`c gh }be} }bctc |asjm ha} etgpc ehw tgpf |g}bgh }bc pà~c ai }bc ~takc`}"}bgp spsejjw ma

a``st gh oap} èpcp'( Eha}bct cttat }be} oap} ai }bc ~stpseh} ai }bc tgpf oehelcoch} gh mgtc`}gycp

ma àoog} gp }be} }bcw }chm }a djghmjw àoog} ejj }bcgt }tsp} gh}a }bc ~takc`} oehelct* }bgp }bcw

spsejjw ma pa dw }bc ~bwpgèj e~~ceteh`c ai }bc ghmgygmsej* cp~c`gejjw gi bc gp |cjj dsgjm }aslb

jaafghl `bete`}ct jgfc e |et yc}cteh* |bao iat pcyctej mcèmcp bep dcch gh }bc }tch`bcp( Tgpf

oehelcoch} gp e`}sejjw edpatdcm gh }bc mew }a mew a~cte}gah dw oap} oamcth atlehg{e}gah6 }bcw

e`}sejjw mcjgdcte}c gh }bcgt lchctej p}eii occ}ghlp "\gjjgeop* 4>5>'(

]bc igtp} p}c~ }be} gp spsejjw as}jghcm dw }bgp tsjc ai tclsje}gah gh mctgye}gycp tgpf

oehelcoch} gp }be} }bc ~stpseh} pbasjm igtp} ~agh} as} }bc }btce}p( ]bc ia`sp bctc gp oeghjw }a mcej

|g}b ehw iat}bàoghl }btce}p }be} oew a``st gh }bc is}stc6 }bgp spsejjw gp eùsgtcm }btaslb fcc~ghl

fcch gh}ctcp} ah }bc psdkc`}( ]bc }|a oegh past`c ai tgpf gmch}gigctp etc ~ca~jc ehm ~e~ct ep }bc

`betlc }be} èh taa} as} tgpf( Iat }bc ~takc`} }a isjjw oe}ctgejg{c cyctw ocodct gh }bc ~takc`} bep

mgiictch} è~edgjg}w ehm cr~ct}gpc |bgjc àode}ghl }btce}p ehm àhms`}ghl }bc ~takc`}( Gi ahc

mc`gmcp }a as}past`c }bch }bc dcp} èhmgme}c }a lc} }bc emyg`c itao |asjm dc usejgigcm cr~ct}p }be}

beyc }te`f tcàtm |g}b }bc fghm ai ~takc`} at |atf jaem }be} gp ~tcpch} "P`b|et}{* 577


14/20


]bc }btce}p }be} beyc dcch gmch}gigcm |g}bgh }bc ~takc`} }bcw lchcte}c yetgasp hsodctp ai

ma`soch}e}gah |bg`b etc cjc`}tahg`( ]bcw spsejjw ma ha} beyc heocp ds} eh gh}cjjc`}sej |gjj tcem

dc}|cch }bc jghcp ehm ~tshc }bco as}( Gh }bgp pchpc }bc dcp} p}et} e~~tae`b gp spsejjw ad}eghcm gh

}bc àooct`c èpc* ~jehhghl ai }bc ~takc`} ehm ~jehhghl ai }bc tcpast`cp ep ha}cm dw ]ewjat

"4>>>'( ]bsp }bc tgpf etc og}gle}cm ehm asp}cm }btaslb pgo~jc ocehp }btaslb }bc ~takc`}

go~jcoch}e}gah at ei}ct go~jcoch}e}gah* bctc }bc depg` dcghl edjc }a ~gh ~agh} |bctc mctgye}gycp

tgpfp èh dc oehelcm dcp}(

@ah`jspgah

Spsejjw }bc lajmch àh`c~}p }be} etc ghp}gjjcm ehm etc ghkc`}cm }a }bc tgpf oehelcoch} ai

}bc mgtc`}gycp iat }bc pajc ~st~apc ai psdogppgah ehm e``c~}eh`c ai }btce} oehelcoch} etc

crc`s}cm iat }bc dchcig} ai ghg}gej mctgye}gycp psg}edgjg}w iat }bc àt~ate}gahp "Ja|chp}cgh* 4>>>'(

Ejj }bc tsjcp ~ct}eghghl ba| }bgp yg`c èh dc taa}cm etc mcpglhcm }a }efc mgiictch} e~~tae`bcp }be}

~takc`} oehelctp at ehw ~stpseh} }be} oew ghmsjlc gh tgpf oergog{e}gah ehm ào~jc}c mgoghgpbghl

|asjm |eh} }a et}g`sje}c eme~}ghl yetgasp go~cte}gyc te}gahejcp |bg`b e}}co~}p }a og}gle}c tgpf gh

mctgye}gycp(

Mctgye}gycp tgpf oehelcoch} bgp}atgèjjw bep dcch àhpgmctcm }bc oap} dchcig`gej ep~c`} ai

àode}ghl sh`ct}egh}w gh }bc atlehg{e}gahp ehm emmghl yejsc }a }bc è~g}ej oetfc}( ]bctciatc* g} bep

dcc ~taych }be} gi }bc owtgem ai igheh`gej ghp}g}s}gahp |bgjc ~stpseh} }a ~takc`} tgpf oehelcoch} ai

mctgye}gycp gp edjc }a ~gh ~agh} }bc sh`ct}egh}w gh }bc ~takc`} }bch oatc tcpast`cp èh dc ejjaè}cm

}a }bco gi }bcw ~stpsc g} gh e ~tae`}gyc oehhct( ]bgp gp spsejjw e}}eghcm dw a~~at}shg}w pcg{stc

|bg`b spsejjw gp p~a}}cm |bch ghkc`}ghl }bc ~takc`} |g}b }bc ego ai tcms`ghl }bc }btce} }be} gp iashm

|g}bgh }bc ~takc`}( ]bcpc ep~c`}p etc tcp~ahpgdjc iat cetjw mcjgyctw ai ~takc`}6 ah }bc dsmlc} ehm }bc

5=


15/20


fghm ai usejg}w tcpsj}p }be} etc cr~c`}cm dw }bc p~ahpatp etc e`bgcycm( ]bgp spsejjw emmp yejsc }a

}bc ghg}gej ~tams`} |bg`b gp dcghl s}gjg{cm }a dc pajm gh }bc è~g}ej oetfc}(

êt} 0/ Pbasjm ~tg`c laslghl dc tclsje}cm1

^tg`c laslghl tcictp }a e pg}se}gah gh |bg`b pcjjctp ~s} e ~tg`c }el ah e laam at pctyg`c }be}

gp mccocm os`b bglbct ehm }bsp ha} iegt at tcepahedjc( ]bgp hatoejjw a``stp |bch mcoehm iat e

~tams`} gp yctw bglb |bgjc }bc ps~~jw gp dcja| }btcpbajm( Gh Shg}cm P}e}cp ai Eoctgèh iat ghp}eh`c

beyc je|p eleghp} ~tg`c laslghl(

A~~apghl gppscp

Tclsje}ghl }bc ~tg`c ai laamp ehm at pctyg`cp gp ha}bghl ds} ~tg`c àh}taj oc`behgpo |bg`b

macp dtghl edas} e owtgem ai hcle}gyc go~jgè}gah }a }bc càhaow( ]bc etlsoch} bctc gp }be} |bch

coctlch`gcp às~jcm |g}b tclsje}gah ai ~tg`cp |gjj mcighg}cjw èspc }bc mgpe~~ceteh`c ai go~at}eh}

laamp ehm pctyg`cp itao }bc pbcjycp( ]bgp gp dcèspc }bapc |ba |gjj àoc igtp} |gjj dc pctycm6 }bgp

p`chetga jceycp }bapc |ba |ctc gh mgtc hccm ai }bc àooamg}w e} e mgpemyeh}elc ai ha} lc}}ghl

ps`b ~tams`}p at pctyg`cp( Ds} |bch }bc ~tg`cp etc pc} e} e bglbct jcycj* }bapc ghmgygmsejp |ba ma

ha} p}tahljw tcusgtc }bc àooamg}w |gjj tcitegh itao dswghl }bco }bgp chpstcp }be} }bcw etc

eyegjedjc iat }bapc |ba p}tahljw hccm }bco(

G} gp |at}b ha}ghl }be} bglbct ~tg`cp e} ~tcpch} }chm }a mc`tcepc s}gjg{e}gah ehm gh`tcepc

ghych}atgcp ehm }bsp tcms`ghl ba| os`b ~tg`cp |gjj tgpc gh is}stc( ]bsp gh lchctej tegpc gh ~tg`c

|gjj gh ie`} dc os`b jcpp(

E`àtmghl }a "Ja}}* 4>>0'( A~~ahch}p ai tclsje}ghl ~tg`cp pew }be} }bcw ps~~at} tgpghl

~tg`cp shmct `ct}egh àhmg}gahp ehm }bcw dcjgcyc }be} |bch }bc laycthoch} chlelcp gh e }gyg}gcp ai

àh}tajjghl ~tg`cp gp e ygaje}gah ai ghmgygmsej tglb}p ehm at }be} }bc edgjg}w }a tegpc ~tg`cp bep

dchcig`gej ciic }p( ]bgp }bsp lacp eleghp} }bc ~tgh`g~jcp ehm àh c~}p ai è~g}ejgpo( Gh emmg}gah*

53


16/20


|bch ~tg`cp etc tclsje}cm* laam }be} |ctc pèt`c |gjj |atpch }bc pg}se}gah ep }bc àooamg}w oew

ào~jc}cjw mgpe~~cet itao }bc oetfc} ~je`ghl }bapc |ba |ctc gh mgtc hccm ai ps`b àooamg}w e}

tgpf ehm cych japp ai jgyc ehm ~ta~ct}w(

Pgogjetjw* je|p eleghp} ~tg`c gh`tcepcp ahjw pctycp }a tcp}tg`} ps~~jgcp ai laamp ehm pctyg`cp

dw tcms ghl }bc gh ch}gyc ps~~jgctp ehm ~tams`ctp beyc }a shmct}efc ehw emmg}gahej ap}p* be{etmp

at ghàhychgch`cp }be} oew dc tcusgtcm( ]bcw ist}bct pew }be} gh`tcepc gh ~tg`cp iat`cp àhpsoctp

}a te}gah àooamg}gcp bch`c gh`tcepghl }bc jahlcyg}w ai `ct}egh pètcp tcpast`cp cp~c`gejjw gh

coctlch`w pg}se}gahp(

Bglbct ~tg`cp |gjj bcj~ pajyc }bc ~tadjco ai jahl uscscp( @ah}tajjcm ~tg`cp bep dcch jghfcm

}a yctw bglb mcoehm iat `ct}egh ~tams`}p* }bgp tgpc gh mcoehm |gjj ~s} ~tcppstc ah }bc pcjjghl ~agh}p

iat`ghl ~ca~jc }a |eg} gh jahl jghcp }a eùsgtc }bc ~tams`}* }bgp pccop }a dc ighc }a }bc ~ta~ahch}p

ai tclsje}ghl ~tg`cp* |ba pcco }a beyc e ja} ai }goc }a ma }be}(

Emmg}gahejjw* bglbct ~tg`cp |gjj bcj~ cp~c`gejjw gh etcep at p}e}cp |bctc èjeog}gcp ps`b ep

ijaamp* bsttgèhc bep a``sttcm( \g}b }bc uscp} }a oefc e ic| oatc majjetp* }bcpc ltccmw dspghcppcp

|gjj jaem }ts`fp ehm ~jehcp ehm bcem }a ps`b etcep( ]bsp* }bc bglbct }bc ~tg`cp }bc iep}ct }bc

dspghcppcp |gjj p}tgyc }a }efc }bcgt ~tams`}p }a }bc mcp~cte}c àhpsoctp* }bgp ltccm ocehp jcpp

psiictghl àhpgmctghl }bc ie`} }be} }bc àooamg}gcp |ctc mcjgyctcm ah }goc( Bglbct ~tg`cp dtghl

edas} ~a}ch}gej dchcig}p }a àhpsoctp( ]bc edpch`c ai bglbct ~tg`cp cjgoghe}cp }bc ~tajahlcm

psiictghlp "Ja}}* 4>>0'(

Lchctejjw p~cefghl pc}}ghl je|p eleghp} ~tg`c laslghl |gjj iap}ct pbat}elcp ai àooamg}gcp

ehm oatc psiictghlp(

59


17/20


Ps~~at}ghl Gppscp

Oekat mcde}cp }be} spsejjw etgpcp gh }bc èpc ai ~tg`c laslghl tclsje}gah gp }be} oehw

àh`ch}te}c ah oaha~ajgcp ~jewcm dw oetfc}ctp gh èpcp ai mgpep}ctp( Spsejjw }bgp gp ejpa

`ch}tejg{cm ah oeh oemc mgpep}ctp |bg`b lacp dcwahm go~ta~ct bgfghl ai àooamg}gcp }a `ct}egh

oetfc} |bg`b beyc bglbct mcoehm iat }be} ~et}g`sjet àooamg}w( Spsejjw }bgp a``stp |bch e

èjeog}w }tgllctp ~tg`cp laslghl dcèspc ai }bc bglb mcoehm iat `ct}egh ~tams`} gh }be} ~et}g`sjet

tclgah( ]bch as}`tw etgpc }be} }bgp gp c}bgèj ehm ghe~~ta~tge}c( Ba|cyct }bgp ciig`gch} pwp}co ai

~tams`} ps~~jgè}gah }a ahc ~et}g`sjet oetfc} pcloch} e} e bglbct ~tg c dcèspc ai mcoehm gp |ep

gp }ctocm ijs`}se}gah ai ~tg`cp msc }a bglb mcoehm dtaslb} edas} dw `behlcp gh }bc ps~~jw ehm

mcoehm `begh( Ba|cyct* e }temct }efghl emyeh}elc ai }bgp pg}se}gah }a lc} cr}te ds`f bep dcch

`tg}g`g{cm ehm }ctocm shc}bgèj `g}ghl ijesh}ghl ai ghmgygmsej tglb}p( ]bgp gp ejpa ygaje}gah ai }bc

itcc oetfc} }a }bc }temctp |ba pccp eh a~~at}shg}w ehm pccfp }a oefc e ~taig} itao }bc tclsjet ~tg`c

msc }a }bc bglb mcoehm }be} bep dcch `tce}c dcèspc ai paoc shiatcpcch `gt`sop}eh`cp( ]bgp

spsejjw |be} ahc èjjp itcc oetfc} ~tg`c oc`behgpo }be} spsejjw a``st sh/~tc`cmcm at p}ts`}stcm

ds} he}stej ehm }bsp }bc }temctp spsejjw àoog} ha icjahw |bgjc }efghl `betlc ai }bc a~~at}shg}w(

]bctc gp spsejjw ha ejetoghl at icjahw àoog}}cm gh }bgp àhmg}gah ai a~~at}shg}gcp jgfc }bgp

etc hcyct `tce}cm ds} tehmaojw a``st msc }a sh~tc`cmch}cm a~~at}shg}w }be} }bc }temct pccp ehm

pcg{cp g}( ]bgp spsejjw ejpa a``st |bch `ct}egh àooamg}w ~tg`cp lacp bglb }bch }bgp ejpa }tgllctp

ps~~jw }a psg} }bgp etce dcèspc mcoehm gp bglb }bsp }bc }temct gp ahjw past`ghl iat oetfc} iat }bcgt

oct`behmgpc( ]bgp |asjm dc jgfc }bc èpc }be} |bch }bc ~tg`cp ai |bce} ijast tcje}gycp pfw ta`fc}(

]bch }bgp gp }a pba| }be} }bctc gp pèt`g}w ai |bce} ijast gh }bc oetfc}( ]bsp }bc ietoctp |asjm

es}aoe}gèjjw p~gfc s~ }bc ~tg`cp ai |bce}* }btaslb }bgp ghg}ge}gyc }bcw beyc ha} àoog}}cm ehw

5


18/20


icjahw }bcw beyc ahjw }efch emyeh}elc ai }bc è~g}ej oetfc} }a oefc eh cr}te ~taig} dcèspc }bctc

gp ijs`}se}gah gh }bc oetfc} ehm |bce} bep ha| dcch e~~taycm e pèt`c àooamg}w(

Ha| }bc ~tg`c laslghl gh }bgp èpc gp oap}jw dc eiic`}cm dw ào~c}g}gah |bg`b oew ejpa

~jew ~et} gh }ahghl ma|h }bc ~tg`cp ep ce`b ietoct |asjm emm s~ gh`c~}gycp gh }bcgt ~tg cp( ]bgp gp

chlghcctcm }a psg} }bc ~taig} oetlgh |bg`b }bc ietoct gh}chm }a e`bgcyc mstghl }bc pbat} jahl tsh ai

}bc pèt`g}w ehm |bch ejj tc}sth }a hatoej }bc ~tg`cp es}aoe}gèjjw tclsje}c }a hatoej( Cyctw

pashm ~ctpah |asjm }efc emyeh}elc ai ps`b e pg}se}gah ai e itcc oetfc} ~tg`c laslghl lgych }be}

}bcw fha| }be} }bgp gp pbat} jgycm ehm ei}ct }bc pèt`g}w ~tg`cp etc }ahcm }a hatoej`w( ]bgp ~tg`c

p~gfc |asjm dc eppsocm }cttgdjc ba|cyct eppsoc beyghl }a ma |g}bas} }bgp àooamg}w(

]bctc etc oehw yejscp |bg`b e`}sejjw oehw ~ca~jc ogpp |bch `tg}g`g{ghl ~tg`c laslghl

jgfc }bc pèt`g}w àsjm dc cych dc ah }bc }temct ehm }bcw etc iat`cm }a go~at} }bgp àooamg}w( ]bc

cr~chpcp gh`sttcm etc oap}jw |bg`b oekatg}w ai }bc }temctp spsejjw bgfc ~tg`cp dcèspc ai }bgp etc

}a è}ct iat }be} }tehp~at}e}gah* ms}w jcygcp ehm pbg~~ghl iccp( ]bgp ~tg`cp laslghl chedjcp }bc

jgog}cm usejg}gcp ai }bc pèt`c cppch}gej àooamg}gcp itao yehgpbghl itao }bc oetfc}(

]bc oetfc} ~tg`ghl e}oap~bctc gp yctw elltcppgyc ehm pcjjctp etc ej|ewp e}}co~}ghl }a }efc

emyeh}elc ai }bc dswctp ehm àhpsoctp( ]bgp gp spsejjw be~~chp gh ast megjw jgycp tcletmjcpp ai

|bc}bct }bctc etc èjeog}gcp at }bctc laghl gp hatoej( ]bgp èh dc |cjj crahcte}cm }btaslb }bc

pejcp ai pbetcp }a }bc p}a`f oetfc}( \bch }bc dswct dswp pbetcp }bcw }bch |eg} iat }bc oetfc}

pbetcp }a cjcye}c }bch }bcw èh pcjj }bcgt pbetcp( \cjj gi }bgp ksp} }bch }bc }temctp beyc }bc tglb} }a

ejpa ghycp} ah }bc oetfc} ~tg`c ijs`}se}gah ah `ct}egh àooamg}w }a e`bgcyc ejpa e ~taig} itao }bgp

cr~chmg}stc( âjg`w oefctp beyc lgych }bgp ghg}ge}gyc e dem ~g`}stc ehm heocp jgfc ~tg`c laslghl*

~tcme}atw ~tg`ghl ehm }g`fc} pèj~ghl( Ba|cyct* }bcw }bcopcjycp ejpa ~et}g g~e}c gh dahmp ehm pbetc

dswghl at tcej cp}e}c dspghcpp |bg`b ejpa gp eha}bct iato ai ~tg`c laslghl "Oe}}* 4>>2'(

52


19/20


@ah`jspgah

Spsejjw }bctc etc owtgem ai da}b ~apg}gyc ehm hcle}gyc go~e`} }be} ~tg`c laslghl beyc ah

}bc àhpsoct ehm }bc }temctp( Ah }bc ~apg}gyc ha}cp }bc oetfc} gp e itcc ch}g}w |bg`b ejja|p }bc

pcjjct ehm }bc dswct }a }efc emyeh}elcp ai ce`b a}bct }a psg} at oefc e jg}}jc peyghl ehm ~taig}(

Ba|cyct* ~ca~jc ehm ~ajg`w oefctp beyc dcch mc}egjghl }bgp c~g` ah e hcle}gyc pgmc |bg`b mc}egjp

}bgp dcghl sh/c}bgèj ehm gooatej( ]bcw `ch}tejg{c ah }bcpc gppscp depghl g} ah }bc èjeog}w ehljc

ehm ba| }bc oghatg}w etc oetlghejg{cm }btaslb ~tg`cp igrghl }be} }bcw }cto shc}bgèj( Oap}jw }bgp

bep dcch eppa`ge}cm |g}b }bc àooamg}w dcghl ~jch}w gh }bc ps~~jw ehm }bc ~tg`cp |gjj ieyat }bc

oghatg}w( ]bgp }bcw etlsc }be} paoc ai }bc oghatg}w etc shksp}jw ~tg`cm as} ai }bc oetfc} msc }a

coctlch`gcp( ]bcw ist}bct et}g`sje}c }be} }bc ps~~jgct dchcig} shc}bgèjjw itao }bc àhpsoct gh }bc

~tc}ch`c ai bglb mcoehm msc }a pbat} ps~~jw( E`}sejjw }bgp beyc dcch hcyct }bc epc ehm oekatg}w

ai }bgp ~ca~jc |asjm ejj pew }be} }bcw ghmsjlc gh |eg}ghl iat }bc pbetcp oetfc} }a la s~ ehm }efc

emyeh}elc ai }bc pcjjct }a ceth eh cr}te majjet( ]bgp ~taig} oetlgh |bg`b a``stp |g}b at |g}bas}

èjeog}w etc }bc ahc |bg`b }bc }temct etc e``spcm ai oehg~sje}ghl ehm }bsp etlsc }be} pbasjm dc

tclsje}cm ba|cyct }bgp tclsje}gah |asjm ejpa àhp}tegh itcc oetfc} ~ajg`gcp ep |cjj ep }bcw ygaje}c

bsoeh tglb}p |bch ha} tclsje}cm( ]bsp }bgp pbasjm dc jci} }a dc }bc |ew }bcw beyc dcch ehm }bc

laycthoch} gh}ctychc |bctc paoc }temctp }efc cr`cppgyc emyeh}elc(

57


20/20


Tcictch`cp

Dejjat* K( "4>>3'( ]bc C}bg`p ai ^tg`c Laslghl( Tc}tgcycm ah 50 Pc~}codct 4>5> itao

b}}~;!!djal(e`}ah(atl!et`bgycp!==5/}bc/c}bg`p/ai/~tg`c/laslghl(b}oj

Mcehc* E( "4>>3'( @e~g}ejgpo yp( Pa`gejgpo( Tc}tgcycm ah 50 Pc~}codct 4>5> itao

b}}~;!!|||(gmcde}c(atl!mcde}edepc!}a~g`Qmc}egjp(~b~1}a~g`GM?=>>

Bsh}ct* P( "4>>5> itao

b}}~;!!|||(jc|ta`f|cjj(`ao!ja}}!ja}}=3(b}oj

Ja|chp}cgh* T( "4>>>'( \bch Lchgsp Iegjcm; }bc Tgpc ehm iejj ai Jahl/]cto @e~g}ej Oehelcoch}(

Hc| Watf; Tehmao Baspc(

Oe}}* [( "4>>2'( ]bc C}bg`p ai ^tg`c Laslghl(Dspghcpp C}bg`p Uset}ctjw 52 "0';0=5>'( Sh`ah}tajjcm Tgpf; ]bc Jcppahp ai Jcboeh Dta}bctp ehm Ba| Pwp}cog` Tgpf

@eh P}gjj Dtghl Ma|h }bc \atjm Igheh`gej Pwp}co( Hc| Watf; O`Lte|/Bgjj(

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