APA Part 1 – Test citations

APA Part 1 – Test citations

APA Citing:“Pretest”

Example Article:Format This on a Piece of Paper

Pick the Correct Text Citation

Text citation:

a. (Lee, Zhang and Yin, 2011)

b. (Lee, Yin, Zhang, 2011)

c. (Lee et al., 2011).

d. (Lee, Zhang, & Yin, 2011).

Text citation:

a. (Lee, Zhang and Yin, 2011)

b. (Lee, Yin, Zhang, 2011)

c. (Lee et al., 2011).

d. (Lee, Zhang, & Yin, 2011).

Pick the Correct Reference Citation

a. Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27(5), 820-830.

b. Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). “A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 5 (Jul 2011): pp. 820-830.

c. Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (July, 2011). A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community. Teaching and teacher education: An international journal of research and studies, 27, 5, 820-830.

a. Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27(5), 820-830.

b. Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). “A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 5 (Jul 2011): pp. 820-830.

c. Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (July, 2011). A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community. Teaching and teacher education: An international journal of research and studies, 27, 5, 820-830.

APA Part 1 – Test citations

APA Citing:Part 1 – Text Citations

APA Resources

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.)

APA help / tutorials:• APA Library Guide – see video tutorials

http://nova.campusguides.com/apa

• APA’s Style site and blog:http://www.apastyle.org/ and http://blog.apastyle.org/

When to Cite• Ideas, theories, or research that directly influenced

your work.

• Key background information, support or dispute your theory, or offer critical definitions or data.

• Document all facts and figures that are not common knowledge.

• For class assignments, use 1 or 2 of most representative sources for each key point.

• Literature reviews are more exhaustive .

See APA (6th ed.), p. 169

Test and Reference CitationsTwo types of citations -text citations and reference citations

Direct Quotes

Text citation (paraphrased):

McPherson (2012) raised issues of motivation in reading.

Reference citation -- used in reference list:

McPherson, K. (2012). Harry Potter and the goblet of motivation. Teacher Librarian, 34(4), 71. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482

Text citation with direct quote: McPherson (2012) coined the phrase “goblet of motivation” (p. 71).

Citing Resources in TextResearch (Fink, 2007) confirmed the results of cloning. The website did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.).

A couple of studies (Gehring & Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... [in alphabetical order]

Several studies (Department of Defense, 2002, 2008; Smith & Jones, 2009a, 2009b)

See APA manual, pp. 176-178.

Citing Resources in Text

When to Use Ampersands and Commas

• Stating vs. citing Quinlan and Bardeen (2007) published a

definitive study on information literacy in higher education.

but Information literacy needs to be integrated into

the curriculum (Quinlan & Bardeen, 2007).

• Stating vs. citing Quinlan and Bardeen (2007) published a definitive study

on information literacy in higher education.but

Information literacy needs to be integrated into the curriculum (Quinlan & Bardeen, 2007).

• Three or more authors cited, use commas

Researchers (Creswell, Borg, & Allsop, 2004) have found that this is true.

Creswell, Borg, and Allsop (2004) found that this is true.

Ampersands and Commas in Citations

Differences in Text vs. Reference List

Tunon and Ramirez (2012) found that...

… in the study (Tunon & Ramirez, 2012).

Tunon, J., & Ramirez, L. (2012). ABD or EdD? Journal of Academic Librarianship, 10(2), 23-43.

See APA manual, pp. 177, .

Six or More Authors in Text vs. Reference List

Text citation for six or more authors:

Wienhorst et al. (2010) found that ….

Reference citation with more than seven authors:

Wienhorst, S., Jones, R. E., Smith, T., Stonebraker, W., Schaefer, A., Johnson, M..., & Allsop, S. | (2010). What...

See APA manual, pp. 177, 184, 198.

List the first six authors and last author.

Separate with

ellipses.

Test Yourself

Citations in text:Quinlan, Jones, Byron, and Montgomery (2008) statedQuinlan et al. (2008) observed (et al. is used after first use when there are three or more authors)

Parenthetical citations in text:(Quinlan, Jones, Byron, & Montgomery, 2008) (Quinlan et al., 2008)

One work by six or more authors:Wienhorst et al. (2009)(Wienhorst et al., 2009)

See APA manual, p. 177

Always use et al. for six or more authors for in-text citations.

Groups as Authors

Citations in text:The American Psychological Association (APA) observed…

American Psychological Association [APA] (2009) stated…

Parenthetical citations in text:(American Psychological Association [APA], 2009) NOTE: Use (APA, 2009) thereafter.


Use parentheses.Must use acronym

thereafter.

Groups as Authors

Citations in text:The American Psychological Association (APA) observed…

American Psychological Association [APA] (2009) stated…

Parenthetical citations in text:(American Psychological Association [APA], 2009) NOTE: Use (APA, 2009) thereafter.


Use brackets. No back-to-

back parentheses.

Use parentheses.Must use acronym

thereafter.

Test yourself

1. The research project (Smith, Brown, and Jones, no date)or2. The research project (Smith, Brown, & Jones, n.d.) or3. The research project (Smith, Brown, & Jones, no date) or4. The research project (Smith, Brown, and Jones, n.d.)

1. Two research studies (APA, 2002; Barnes, 2005) or

2. Two research studies (Barnes, 2005. APA, 2002)

Paraphrasing

“Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2008, p. 212).

Direct quote

APA manual, pp. 170-171

Paraphrasing

“Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2008, p. 212).

When the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was signed into law in January of 2002 by President Bush, the law provided the most all-encompassing reform in education the United States in decades and provided a foundation for strengthening educational policy at the national level for years to come (Smith, 2008).

Direct quote

ParaphrasedMore than 50% reworded

APA manual, pp. 170-171

“… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237) .

Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48).

Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not valid” (p. 22) but later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions.

“…in a dictionary” (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001, p. 346).

See APA, Chapter 6, p. 171-173

When using a direct quote, provide the page #:

When to Include Page Numbers in the Text and Reference List

• In the text, the page number is required for direct quotes and optional for paraphrased content. For example:“ . . . validated findings” (Turner, 2012, p. 233).

• Turner, J. T. (2012). The circle of learning. Reading Teacher, 23(5), 229-234.

• In the reference list:– Newspapers, newsletters, book chapters,

conference proceedings. For example:Turner, J. (2009). Piaget’s reading theories (pp.

210-233). New York, NY: Scarecrow Press.

When to Include Page Numbers in the Text and Reference List

• In the text, the page number is required for direct quotes and optional for paraphrased content. For example:“ . . . validated findings” (Turner, 2012, p. 233).

• Turner, J. T. (2012). The circle of learning. Reading Teacher, 23(5), 229-234.

• In the reference list:– Newspapers, newsletters, book chapters,

conference proceedings. For example:Turner, J. (2009). Piaget’s reading theories (pp.

210-233). New York, NY: Scarecrow Press.

QuotesThe principal stated, “Instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class

assignments” (Tunon, 2006, p. 34), but she concluded that they always summarized

the essential content of the paper.

In midsentence Quotes must be introduced.

Tunon (2006) found that “instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class

assignments” (p. 34).

At end of a sentence

Text vs Block QuotesThe abstract is a one-paragraph summary or overview of the paper and “should summarize

the essential content of the paper” (Tunon, 2009, p. 34).

Direct quote for less than 40 words:

Block quote (more than 40 words):

Students at Nova Southeastern University have faced challenges in learning how to

use APA formatting. When discussing the challenges, Strunk (1922) stated:

Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize the title of a book, journal, brochure, or report when used in the body of the paper. Use a short title in the parenthetical citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-periodical titles like books and book titles have all the important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in the reference list. (p. 342)

Callahan (2001), however, says ….

Note where the periods go!

APA manual, p. 92

Text Cites of Electronic Resources

In another case, Scanlon, Gallego, Duran, and Reyes (2005) found that the results should be “based on assumptions that individuals are capable of self-directed and self-initiated learning” (Methods section, para. 7).

“The qualitative research methods discussed by Durango were challenged by Bambang and Totonumu” (Pival, Falcao, & Quinlan, 2009, “Problems with Qualitative Research,” para. 5).


Use name of section.

Use shortened section title in quotation marks.

Secondary Sources

Freud’s theory of the id, ego, and superego (as cited in Dickerson, 2012) …

Dickerson, L. (2012). Freudian concepts of id, ego and superego applied to chemical and other addictions. New York, NY: Universe.

Text citation:

List the primary source in the reference list entry:

Test Yourself – Multiple Authors

Citations in text:Quinlan, Jones, Byron, and Montgomery (2008) statedQuinlan et al. (2008) observed (et al. is used after first use when there are three or more authors)

Parenthetical citations in text:(Quinlan, Jones, Byron, & Montgomery, 2008) (Quinlan et al., 2008)

One work by six or more authors:Wienhorst et al. (2009)(Wienhorst et al., 2009)


Always use et al. for six or more authors for in-text citations.

1. MacDougall (2004, p. 34) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented”.

or2. MacDougall (2004) stated that “the Information Literacy

Model needed to be implemented” (p. 34). or3. MacDougall (2004) stated that “the Information Literacy

Model needed to be implemented.” (p. 34)

Test Yourself – Direct Quotes

APA Part 2 – Reference Citations

APA Citing: Part 2 – Reference Citations

Document Type:Not Delivery Method or Format

Formatting Article CitationHow to Cite a Journal Article

in the Reference List

Author’s Names - FormattingCiting Journal Articles

Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

Author(s)

See APA (6th ed,), p. 184

• Initials, not first names. No title• Ampersand (&), not the word and• Comma before the ampersand.

Names

• Do not include titles Arguellos, S., Ph.D. (2007).

Bucher, J., Dr. (2005).

• In the reference list, one space between initialsBrown, J. D. (2003).

• If author’s first name is hyphenated, retain hyphen

Chin, E.-F., Barry, B., & Wilson, H. W.

• Suffices Schaefer, W., III, & Schaefer, W., Sr.

APA (6th ed.), p. 184

Suffices for Namesin Text and Reference

Citations• Use a space to separate last names and suffices In R. F. Johnson, Jr. & D. S. Altilio, III (Eds.),

• For references in the text, do not include suffixes

( Johnson, 2011) According to Altilio (2012), …

• For references in the reference list, use a comma to separate initials and suffices.

Johnson, R. F., Jr., & Altilio, D. S., III, (2010).

APA (6th ed.), pp. 24, 174, 184

Year of PublicationCiting Journal Articles


Year of publication


• Enclosed in parentheses• Period after the parentheses• No month or day if the publication is a journal, not a magazine, newsletter, or newspaper article.

Article Title Citing Journal Articles


Article title


• Only first word in title and subtitle should be be capitalized as well as any proper names.• A period at the end of the title. • Only one space after the period, not two.

Journal Title Citing Journal Articles


See APA manual, pp. 186-187

• Journal title should have all important words capitalized.• It is italicized• The journal title is followed by a comma

Journal title

Journal InformationCiting Journal Articles


Volume, issue, and page number(s)


• The volume number is italicized• There should be no space between

the volume number and issue number• Enclose issue number in parentheses and follow by a comma• Do not use p. or pp. for journal articles.

DOI NumberWatkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482

Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online:

DOI number

• Preferred: If the database has a Digital Object Identifier that functions as a unique identifier of the content and a link to the content, then use that. • If no DOI number is found, then citation ends with the period after the page number

Formatting of DOI

Borman, W. C. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 443-449. doi:10.1037 /0002-9432.76.4.482

• Do not capitalize doi, and do not include a space before or after the colon. • Break the number before most punctuation• Do not include a period after the DOI number.


Example of a DOI

DOI Lookup ToolDOI Lookup Tool

DOI Lookup Record

Use DOI to Link to Full TextUse the DOI to Link to Full Text

Use the DOI to link to full text

Ingham, R. J., Warner, A., Byrd, A., & Cotton, J. (2006). Speech effort measurement and stuttering: Investigating the chorus reading effect. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49(3), 660-670. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2006/048)

Book With Location and Publisher

• Traditional

Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley.

APA manual, p. 202APA Style Blog: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/06/how-do-you-cite-an-e-

book.html

Book With URL

• URL

• Traditional


Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. Available from http://www.wiley.com


book.html

Book With DOI

• DOI

• URL

• Traditional


Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. Available from http://www.wiley.com

Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. doi:10.234.57993.wiley-2010.78211


book.html

Citing Websites

Entire website in text:National Center for Education Statistics [NCES] (http://nces.ed.gov) is a comprehensive statistical resource.

Omit reference from reference list.

APA Style FAQs -- http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-website.aspx

Web Page Not Italicized

Brooks, E. (1945). Common birds of Indiana. Retrieved from http://www.amosbutleraudubon .org/images/stories/Brooks_Common_Birds_of_Indiana.pdf

APA Style FAQs http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/web-page-no-author.aspx

Retrieval Statement for Web Page



Archival vs. Changing Web Pages



American Library Association. (2011). Membership policies. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://www.ala.org/section/acrl/policies.pdf

Web Pages With No Author


Reference citation: Indicators of school crime and safety: Executive summary. (2011). Retrieved June 11, 2012, from http://www.hartlinger.com/crime.html

Local parents provided statistics (“Indicators of School Crime,” 2011).

- If there is no author, put the title first and date second.- Use the title of the page in the parenthetical text citation.

Web page in text:

Reference citation:

Video Tutorials Tab:http://nova.campusguides.com/apa

References PageReferences

Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2006). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, 1148-1156.

Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, 459-479. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482

Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), 153-163.

Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship.

Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp. 381-391). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries.

Norton, M. J. (2009). Introductory concepts in information science. doi:10.5634/93944-090

O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2008). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag.

• Page entitledReferences

• Hanging indentations

• Single space in citations

• Double space between citations

• Alphabetical order, then by date

32

References Page

centered

Hanging IndentationsReferences













32

References Page

SpacingReferences













32

References Page

Alphabetical OrderReferences













32

References Page

Many Authors

1. Adam G. Riess, Alexei V. Filippenko, Peter Challis, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Alan Diercks, Peter M. Garnovich, . . . John Tonry.

2. Riess, A. G., Filippenko, A. V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A.,

Diercks, A., Garnovich, P. M., . . . Tonry, J.

3. Challis, P., Clocciatti, A., Diercks, A., Filippenko, A. V., Garnovich, P. M., Riess, A. G., et al.

Test- Names1. Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read.

Nothing

precedes something

APA (6th ed.), pp. 181-184

Test - Chronologically1. Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read.

1. Schroeder, L. (2008). Water rights in Oregon. or2. Schroeder, L. (2004). Fighting for water rights.

APA (6th ed.), pp. 181-184

Arrange chronologically

Test - Alphabetically1. Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read.


1. Jones, F. T. (2008). Birth of a nation. or2. Jones, F. T. (2000). Fourth-grade students. or3. Jones, F. T. (2008). Winning the war.

(2008a)

(2008b)

APA (6th ed.), pp. 181-184

Arrange the two 2008 citations

alphabetically

Test - Authors1. Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read.


1. Jones, F. T. (2008). Birth of a nation. or2. Jones, F. T. (2000). Fourth-grade students. or3. Jones, F. T. (2008). Winning the war.

1. Palgreaves, D. J. (2001). Economics today. or2. Palgreaves, D. J., & Baber, J. (1999). Dictionary of …

(2008a)

(2008b)

APA (6th ed.), pp. 181-184

One-author entries precede multiple-author

entries

Part 3 Word Formatting Tips

APA Citing:Part 3 – Word Formatting

Tips

Unformatted Text in Word 2003

In Word 2003, font size is already set. Click on EDIT from the menu to use Paste Special, then select Unformatted Text.

Unformatted Text in Word 20072.

3.4.

In Word 2007, 1) select No Spacing, 2) adjust font & size 3) use Paste Special, and 4) select Unformatted Text to copy and paste easier. 1.

Hanging Indentations in Word 2003

• Go to Paragraph.• In Indents and Spacing• Go to the Special section.• Select Hanging.

Hanging Indentations in Word 2007

Alphabetizing the Reference List in Word 2003

• Go to Table.• Select Sort.• Click OK.

Alphabetizing the Reference List in Word 2007

Questions?

Part 4 Test Yourself – How Many Mistakes

APA Citing:Part 4 – Test Yourself:How Many Mistakes?

Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4).

pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Can you find 13 mistakes?

(Using APA – 6th ed.)

Test Yourself: How Many Mistakes?


pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Identifying Formatting Problems


pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Barber, F. G. (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run --today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4).


Authors

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run --today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4).


Barber, F. G. (2005) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4).


Date of Publication



Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Punctuation after Date of Publication



Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run -- Today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Capitalization of Article Title

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24 (4).


Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Punctuation of Article Title



Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Capitalization of Journal Title



Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Punctuation after Journal Title



Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Volume Number

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24(4).


Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4), 323-329. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: http://0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0

Issue and Page Number



Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4), 323-329. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482

)

DOI in 2007 APA Formatting

Thanks!

Thanks!

Documents

APA Part 1 – Test citations