APA & MLA: AN OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENTATION STYLESTHE REFERENCE LIST THE WORKS CITED AND PARENTHETICAL (IN-TEXT) DOCUMENTATION

Presented by the CASA Writing Center, Fall 2010

Created by: Chelsea, Gillian, Dawn, & Melissa

Citation Styles

APA Social Sciences, Nursing, Education Focus on the overall idea Clear, concise writing

MLA Humanities writing Focus on lines/words

Chicago-Turabian Historians Contains supplemental information in foot notes Focus on primary sources

Things to Remember about APA Format

Typed, double-spaced, one inch margins all the way around

Title page Abstract – 150-200 words The References list starts on separate

page References (as a title) should be centered The References list should be in

alphabetical order

Reference List: Book by a Single Author

Author’s Last Name, Author’s First (and if included) Middle initial(s). (Year of Publication). Title of the book. City of Publication: Publication Company.

Example: Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos: Making a new

science. New York: Penguin.

In-text Citation: Book by a Single Author

(Author’s Last Name, year) periodExample: (Gleick, 1987).

If it is a direct quote, include the page number.

Example: (Gleick, 1987, p.18).

Definitions

Periodical – magazines, journals, newspapers

Database – electronic library that provides access to periodicals, books, and much more.

DOI: digital object identifier – used to identify digital copies

Reference List: Scholarly journal article (print) Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of

Journal Volume (Issue), pages. Example: Bagchi, A. (1996). Conflicting

nationalisms: The voice of the subaltern. Tulsa

Studies in Women's Literature 15(1), 41-50.

Reference List : Book by more than one author

Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of the book. Publication Location: Publication Company.

Example: Gillespie, P. & Lerner, N. (2000). The

Allyn and Bacon guide to peer tutoring. Boston: Allyn.

Reference List : Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.

Example: O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and

women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer.

Reference List : Online periodical article with no DOI Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of

publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue if applicable). Retrieved from http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/

Example: Kenneth, I. A. & Smithson, B.T. (2000). A

Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Retrieved from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html

Reference List : Online periodical article with DOI Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of

publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue if applicable). pages-pages. doi:00.000/0000-000.00.0.000

Example:Herbst-Damn, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005)

Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of the terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24(1), 225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Reference List: Non-periodical web document

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://Web address

Example: Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore,

K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http://www.betternotbewikipedia.com/

generalformat

Reference List: Online reference source with no known author

Sample: Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s

online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from: http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic

OLPC Peru/Arahuay. (n.d.). Retrieved from the OLPC Wiki: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Peru/Arahua

In-text citation: Website with no author

When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter, or a web page (Per APA 6.15).

For example, On free care (“Study Finds,” 2007).

Works Cited: a book by a single author

Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publication Company, year of publication. Medium of Publication.

Sample book citation: Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New

Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print.

In-text citation: a book by a single author

(Author’s Last Name page number)period

Example: (Gleick 87).

Works Cited: a book by more than one author

Author A Last Name, Author A First Name, and Author B First name Author B Last Name. Title of the Book. Publication Location: Publication Company. Year of publication. Medium of Publication.

Example: Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The

Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.

In-text citation: a book by more than one author

(Author A Last Name Author B Last Name)period

Example: (Gillespie and Lerner 68).

Works Cited: a scholarly journal article (print) Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of

Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication.

Example: Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting

Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15.1 (1996): 41-50. Print.

Works Cited: a scholarly journal article (online database) Author Last Name, Author First Name.

“Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (year of publication): page numbers. Database Name. Medium of Publication. Date of Access.

Example: Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship

in Mid- Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009.

Works Cited: A work in an anthology

Author Last Name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.

Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34. Print.

Works Cited: A work in an anthology (volume and edition)

Author Last Name, First name. "Title of Essay.” Year. Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Edition number. Volume. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.

Example: Stowe, Harriet Beecher. “Sojourner Truth,

the Libyan Sibyl.” 1863. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 5th ed. Vol. B. Boston: Houghton, 2006. 2601-9. Print.

Works Cited: An Entire Website (unknown author)

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.

Example: The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing

Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 13 Oct. 2010.

In-text citation: An Entire Website (unknown author)

(Shortened title of web page page number (if available)period

(Purdue Owl Family).

Works Cited: A Page from a Website (no author)

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Name of Page.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource

creation(if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.

“MLA Works Cited: Electronic Sources (Web Publications).” The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 13 Oct. 2010.

In-text citation: A Page from a Website (no author)

(“Shortened title of page from website” page number if available)period

Example: (“MLA Works Cited”).

Review: In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author

For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Review: In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).

In-text Citations for Sources with No Known Author

Sample Works Cited: “The Impact of Global Warming in North

America.” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.

Take the first four to five key words of the title for your in-text citation: (“Impact of Global Warming”).

Recommendations from the WC Purchase the most

recent APA publication manual (guidebook) since the APA are notorious for making crucial changes every eight months or so.

Recommendations from the WC Purchase the

most recent MLA handbook, the seventh edition, since the MLA has also made some significant changes to its style.

Recommendations from the WC Another valuable (and free!) resource is

the OWL Purdue Website http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

Come into the Writing Center

Game Time!

In-Text Citation Game!