AP World HistoryAP World History

Unit 1 VocabularyUnit 1 Vocabulary

#1#1

Unit One: Foundations (8000 Unit One: Foundations (8000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.)B.C.E. – 600 C.E.)

1.1. CivilizationCivilization2.2. ClimateClimate3.3. Cultural diffusionCultural diffusion4.4. Independent inventionIndependent invention5.5. MonsoonMonsoon6.6. SteppeSteppe7.7. Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution8.8. ArtifactArtifact9.9. ForagingForaging10.10. Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age11.11. Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution12.12. Slash-and-burn Slash-and-burn

agricultureagriculture13.13. Specialization of laborSpecialization of labor14.14. CuneiformCuneiform15.15. HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics16.16. Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven17.17. MatrilinealMatrilineal

18.18. Oracle bonesOracle bones19.19. PatriarchalPatriarchal20.20. PharaohPharaoh21.21. PolytheismPolytheism22.22. paterfamiliaspaterfamilias23.23. ZigguratZiggurat24.24. Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great25.25. AristocracyAristocracy26.26. AristotleAristotle27.27. ArtisanArtisan28.28. DemocracyDemocracy29.29. DynastyDynasty30.30. Geocentric theoryGeocentric theory31.31. Hellenistic AgeHellenistic Age32.32. Indo-EuropeansIndo-Europeans33.33. JatiJati34.34. Mystery religionMystery religion35.35. Pax RomanaPax Romana

JatiJati

One of the many One of the many subcastes in the subcastes in the Hindu caste systemHindu caste system

PaterfamiliasPaterfamilias

““Father of the family" - Father of the family" - the head of Roman the head of Roman family life; the oldest family life; the oldest living male who looked living male who looked after the family's after the family's business affairs and business affairs and property and could property and could perform religious rites perform religious rites on their behalf; he had on their behalf; he had absolute rule over his absolute rule over his household and children. household and children. If they angered him, he If they angered him, he had the legal right to had the legal right to disown his children, sell disown his children, sell them into slavery or them into slavery or even kill them. even kill them.

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

The concept The concept developed by the developed by the Zhou dynasty that Zhou dynasty that the deity granted a the deity granted a dynasty the right dynasty the right to rule and took to rule and took away that right if away that right if the dynasty did not the dynasty did not rule wiselyrule wisely

ArtisanArtisan

A craftsmanA craftsman

Oracle BonesOracle Bones

Animal bones or Animal bones or shells used by the shells used by the Chinese priests to Chinese priests to receive messages receive messages from the godsfrom the gods

ZigguratZiggurat

A multilayered A multilayered pyramid pyramid constructed by constructed by MesopotamiansMesopotamians

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution

The transition from The transition from foraging to the foraging to the cultivation of food cultivation of food occurring about occurring about 8000-2000 B.C.E; 8000-2000 B.C.E; also known as the also known as the Neolithic Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

ArtifactArtifact

An object made by An object made by human handshuman hands

Alexander the Great (356–323 Alexander the Great (356–323 BC)BC)

King of Macedon (336–King of Macedon (336–323), the son of Philip 323), the son of Philip II. He was a pupil of II. He was a pupil of Aristotle. After his Aristotle. After his succession he invaded succession he invaded Persia, liberating the Persia, liberating the Greek cities in Asia Greek cities in Asia Minor, and then Minor, and then defeating the Persians defeating the Persians in Egypt, Syria, and in Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia. While in Mesopotamia. While in Egypt he founded Egypt he founded Alexandria (332 BC), Alexandria (332 BC), his first and best-known his first and best-known city city

Aristocracy Aristocracy

Rule by a Rule by a privileged privileged hereditary class or hereditary class or nobilitynobility

Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) Aristotle (384–322 B.C.)

Greek philosopher and Greek philosopher and scientist. A pupil of Plato scientist. A pupil of Plato and tutor to Alexander the and tutor to Alexander the Great, in 335 BC he Great, in 335 BC he founded a school and founded a school and library (the Lyceum) library (the Lyceum) outside Athens. His outside Athens. His surviving written works surviving written works constitute a vast system of constitute a vast system of analysis, including logic, analysis, including logic, physical science, zoology, physical science, zoology, psychology, metaphysics, psychology, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and ethics, politics, and rhetoric. He established the rhetoric. He established the inductive method of inductive method of reasoning and proposed a reasoning and proposed a system for the classification system for the classification of plants and animals.of plants and animals.

CivilizationCivilization

A cultural group A cultural group with advanced with advanced cities, complex cities, complex institutions, skilled institutions, skilled workers, advanced workers, advanced technology, and a technology, and a system of system of recordkeepingrecordkeeping

ClimateClimate

The pattern of The pattern of temperature and temperature and precipitation over a precipitation over a period of timeperiod of time

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion

The transmission of The transmission of ideas and products ideas and products from one culture to from one culture to anotheranother

CuneiformCuneiform

A system of writing A system of writing originating in originating in Mesopotamia in Mesopotamia in which a wedge-which a wedge-shaped stylus was shaped stylus was used to press used to press symbols into clay symbols into clay tabletstablets

DemocracyDemocracy

A political system A political system in which the people in which the people rulerule

DynastyDynasty

A series of rulers A series of rulers from the same from the same familyfamily

ForagingForaging

A term for hunting A term for hunting and gatheringand gathering

Geocentric TheoryGeocentric Theory

The belief held by The belief held by many before the many before the Scientific Scientific Revolution that the Revolution that the earth is the center earth is the center of the universeof the universe

HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

A system of picture A system of picture writing used in writing used in EgyptEgypt

Hellenistic AgeHellenistic Age

The era (c. 323-30 The era (c. 323-30 B.C.E) in which B.C.E) in which Greek culture Greek culture blended with blended with Persian and other Persian and other Eastern influences Eastern influences spread throughout spread throughout the former empire the former empire of Alexander the of Alexander the GreatGreat

Independent InventionIndependent Invention

The development The development of innovation or of innovation or technology technology independent of independent of cultural diffusion cultural diffusion

Indo-EuropeansIndo-Europeans

A group pf semi-A group pf semi-nomadic peoples nomadic peoples who, around 2000 who, around 2000 B.C.E., began to B.C.E., began to migrate from migrate from central Asia to central Asia to India, Europe, and India, Europe, and the Middle Eastthe Middle East

MonsoonMonsoon

A seasonal windA seasonal wind

MatrilinealMatrilineal

Referring to a Referring to a social system in social system in which descent and which descent and inheritance are inheritance are traced through traced through their mothertheir mother

Mystery ReligionMystery Religion

During the During the Hellenistic Age, Hellenistic Age, religions that religions that promised their promised their faithful followers faithful followers eternity in a state eternity in a state of blissof bliss

Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age

Final stage of Final stage of technological technological development or cultural development or cultural evolution among evolution among prehistoric humans. It prehistoric humans. It is characterized by the is characterized by the use of stone tools use of stone tools shaped by polishing or shaped by polishing or grinding, the grinding, the domestication of plants domestication of plants or animals, the or animals, the establishment of establishment of permanent villages, permanent villages, and the practice of and the practice of such crafts as pottery such crafts as pottery and weaving. and weaving.

Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

The discovery of farming The discovery of farming and the domestication of and the domestication of animals brought an end animals brought an end to the slow development to the slow development of the hunting societies of the hunting societies of the PALAEOLITHIC and of the PALAEOLITHIC and MESOLITHIC periods and MESOLITHIC periods and initiated a time of rapid initiated a time of rapid change that soon change that soon produced metal-working, produced metal-working, cities, states, and cities, states, and empires. empires.

PatriarchalPatriarchal

Pertaining to a Pertaining to a social system in social system in which the father is which the father is the head of the the head of the familyfamily

PharaohPharaoh

An Egyptian An Egyptian monarchmonarch

PolytheismPolytheism

The belief in many The belief in many godsgods

Pax RomanaPax Romana

The Roman Peace; The Roman Peace; the period of the period of prosperity and prosperity and stability stability throughout the throughout the Roman Empire in Roman Empire in the first two the first two centuries C.E.centuries C.E.

SteppeSteppe

A dry grasslandA dry grassland

Slash and Burn AgricultureSlash and Burn Agriculture

A agricultural A agricultural method in which method in which farmers clear fields farmers clear fields by cutting and by cutting and burning trees, then burning trees, then use the ashes as use the ashes as fertilizerfertilizer

Specialization of LaborSpecialization of Labor

The division of The division of labor that aids the labor that aids the development of development of skills in a particular skills in a particular type of worktype of work