AP World History

Mr. Charnley

Western Europe and Russia

Nation-StateCultural homogeneity

Citizen loyaltyCommon language and culture

Political divisionProtestant ReformationThirty Years’ WarSeven Years’ War

Consent of the governed

Nation-State

Political Reform1600-1750Rise of scienceCollapse of

feudalismReligious Warfare

Thirty Years’ WarWeakened power of

church and nobilityIncreased power of

monarchs

Absolute Monarchy

FranceDissolved assembliesDestroyed castles of

nobilityCreated bureaucracyProfessional military

Absolute Monarchy

Louis XIVThe ‘Sun King’“I am the state”Promoted arts and sciencesPalace of VersaillesMercantilism

Promote domestic economy and taxation

Avoid trade with foreign nationsColonies provide raw materials

to, and trade exclusively with, mother country

Religious persecutionRevoked Edict of Nantes

Absolute Monarchy

Spain Imitated French modelTight control over Latin

AmericaPrussia

Eastern GermanyStrong army and bureaucracyFrederick I the Great

Austria-HungaryHabsburgsPushed Ottoman Empire out of

EuropeMaria Theresa

Reformed education, military, economy

Promoted agriculture and trade

Absolute Monarchy

Political ReformMonarchs shared power with representative

assembliesCentralized stateAssemblies made up of nobility and wealthy elites

Representative bodies designed to protect interests of the citizens

Revolts could overthrow bad rulers

Parliamentary Monarchy

EnglandEnglish Civil War

1642Parliament vs. MonarchCharles I executedOliver Cromwell becomes

dictator1680 religious toleration

granted to all ProtestantsThe Restoration

Brought back monarchyCharles IIHabeas Corpus

Glorious RevolutionParliament stronger than the

monarchWilliam and MaryEnglish Bill of Rights

Parliamentary Monarchy

Ottoman EmpireBalkan Peninsula

Habsburg EmpireAustriaHungaryBohemia (Czech, Slovakia)

PrussiaPoland

Eastern Europe

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Kievan RusMongolian tributaryDuchy of Moscow

Local princes worked for Mongols

Russian nobility adopted Mongolian culture

Maintained Christian religion

Russian Empire

Kievan RusByzantine heritage‘Third Rome’Head of Greek

Orthodox ChurchIvan III the Great

Freed Russia from Mongol control

MilitaristicBoyars

Princes given land by czar for military service

Owned peasants who lived on land = serfdom

Russian Empire

Ivan IV the TerribleOppressed boyarsExpansionist

Cossacks = Peasant warriors hired to conquer and settle new lands

Multicultural empire

Russian Empire

Romanov DynastyWesternization

Close cultural and economic ties to Europe

Sold raw materials for manufactured goods

Brought in European artists and architects

Time of Troubles1604-1613Civil warForeign invasions = Poland

and SwedenBoyars elect Romanov

family as czar

Russian Empire

Romanov DynastyMichael

Drove out foreign invadersExpansionist

UkraineAlexis

Abolished boyar assembliesPlaced Greek Orthodox Church under state control

Russian Empire

Peter I the GreatWesternization

Military reform = professional army and navy and secret police

Retain Russian cultureAutocracy

Centralized tsarist powerLimited aristocratic influenceTraining institutions for

bureaucratsRevised legal codes and tax

systemExpansionist

Attacked Ottoman Empire = Crusader ideology

Defeated Sweden = access to Baltic Sea

Russian Empire

WesternizationEconomic Reform

State-controlled manufacturing

Used serfs as laborersCultural Reform

Improved upper-class women’s rights

Western-style clothingRussian ballet

Russian Empire

WesternizationReforms limited to upper-

classReforms were selective

Controlled strictly by czarExcluded commonersDesigned to empower

governmentIntended to support

military expansionUnpopular

Commoners resented westernized nobility and new expenses

Nobility preferred Russian culture to Western European

Russian Empire

Catherine II the GreatGerman-born =

PrussianWesternization

EnlightenmentLegal reform

SerfdomIncreased power of

boyarsEnslavement of serfs

Russian Empire

Catherine II the GreatExpansionist

Colonized SiberiaClaimed AlaskaExpeditions to

CaliforniaForeign policy

Partition of PolandDivided between

Russia, Austria, and Prussia

Russian Empire

Major ThemesExpansionistSerfdom

Preserved local government

‘internal slavery’Agriculturalism

Powerful landowning aristocracy

Resistant to urbanization and social mobility

95% of population was rural

Russian Empire