AP World HistoryAP World History

European European Exploration/ColonizationExploration/Colonization

British, French, and DutchBritish, French, and Dutch

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

1)1) Review of Spanish/Portuguese Review of Spanish/Portuguese ColonizationColonization

2)2) British EmpireBritish Empire

3)3) French EmpireFrench Empire

4)4) Dutch EmpireDutch Empire

1) 1) Review of Spanish/Portuguese Review of Spanish/Portuguese ColonizationColonization

Worldwide Spanish EmpireWorldwide Spanish Empire

Worldwide Portuguese Empire Worldwide Portuguese Empire

2) British Empire2) British Empire

BeginningsBeginnings The British Empire The British Empire

began in 1496 when began in 1496 when King Henry VII King Henry VII authorized John Cabot authorized John Cabot to lead a voyage to to lead a voyage to discover a route to discover a route to Asia. Asia.

Cabot sailed in 1497, Cabot sailed in 1497, and successfully made and successfully made landfall on the coast of landfall on the coast of Canada, Canada,

No attempt at No attempt at establishing a colony establishing a colony was made at that time. was made at that time.

The AmericasThe Americas No more attempts to No more attempts to

establish English establish English colonies occurred until colonies occurred until the reign of Elizabeth I, the reign of Elizabeth I, (Henry VII’s (Henry VII’s granddaughter). granddaughter).

Rivalry between Spain Rivalry between Spain and England led and England led England to send English England to send English privateers (privateers (fancy word fancy word for piratefor pirates) to attack s) to attack Spanish ships and Spanish ships and ports, and steal Spanish ports, and steal Spanish treasure from the treasure from the Americas.Americas.

Sir Francis Drake made his Sir Francis Drake made his name stealing Spanish gold.name stealing Spanish gold.

British America C.1750British America C.1750

In 1607, Jamestown In 1607, Jamestown became England’s first became England’s first colony.colony.

It eventually became the It eventually became the Colony of Virginia, the first Colony of Virginia, the first of the 13 colonies.of the 13 colonies.

Soon, the Caribbean Soon, the Caribbean became England's most became England's most important colonies due to important colonies due to sugar plantations. sugar plantations.

These colonies, like the These colonies, like the Portuguese Brazil, Portuguese Brazil, depended on slave labor.depended on slave labor.

The Sun Never SetsThe Sun Never Sets

Eventually, after colonizing parts of Eventually, after colonizing parts of Africa and Asia, the British Empire Africa and Asia, the British Empire became the largest empire in became the largest empire in history.history.

At the peak of its power, it was often At the peak of its power, it was often said that “said that “The sun never sets on the The sun never sets on the British EmpireBritish Empire" because it was so " because it was so big that the sun was always shining big that the sun was always shining on at least one of its many colonies.on at least one of its many colonies.

British Empire Over TimeBritish Empire Over Time

One-fourth of the WorldOne-fourth of the World

By 1921, the British By 1921, the British Empire controlled Empire controlled about 458 million about 458 million people (a quarter of people (a quarter of the world's the world's population at that population at that time). time).

It covered about It covered about 14.2 million square 14.2 million square miles, about a miles, about a quarter of Earth's quarter of Earth's total land area.total land area. Cartoon showing Brit, Cecil Rhodes and Cartoon showing Brit, Cecil Rhodes and

his desire to control all of Africa.his desire to control all of Africa.

The End of the EmpireThe End of the Empire

3) French Empire3) French Empire

French EmpireFrench Empire

France had two different empires. France had two different empires. The first (1608-1803), was in the The first (1608-1803), was in the Americas. The second (1830-Americas. The second (1830-1960), was in Africa and Asia.1960), was in Africa and Asia.

New FranceNew France In 1603, Samuel de In 1603, Samuel de

Champlain left Champlain left France and traveled France and traveled into the St. Lawrence into the St. Lawrence River. River.

In 1608, Champlain In 1608, Champlain founded Quebec City founded Quebec City in present-day in present-day Canada with the Canada with the intention of making intention of making the area part of the the area part of the French colonial French colonial empire.empire.

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain

QuebecQuebec Champlain's Champlain's Habitation de Habitation de

QuebecQuebec, built as a permanent , built as a permanent fur trading outpost, was where fur trading outpost, was where he intended to forge a trading he intended to forge a trading and military alliance with the and military alliance with the Algonquin and Huron nations.Algonquin and Huron nations.

JesuitsJesuits Unlike their Dutch and British counterparts, Unlike their Dutch and British counterparts,

the French focused much of their resources the French focused much of their resources on the conversion of Natives to Catholicismon the conversion of Natives to Catholicism

After New France became a Royal Colony, After New France became a Royal Colony, the King decreed that guns would only be the King decreed that guns would only be traded with those Natives who converted to traded with those Natives who converted to ChristianityChristianity

Fur TradingFur Trading Quebec’s people traded their Quebec’s people traded their

furs for many French goods furs for many French goods such as metal objects, guns, such as metal objects, guns, alcohol, and clothing.alcohol, and clothing.

End of American HoldingsEnd of American Holdings

France lost France lost Canada in the Canada in the Seven Years Seven Years War (French-War (French-Indian War) to Indian War) to Britain in 1763.Britain in 1763.

France sold the France sold the Louisiana Louisiana Territory to Territory to

the U.S. in the U.S. in 1803.1803.

4) Dutch Empire4) Dutch Empire

BackgroundBackground

In the late 1500s, the Dutch In the late 1500s, the Dutch enjoyed one of the highest enjoyed one of the highest standards of living.standards of living.

They grew rich through trade.They grew rich through trade. By this time, they had thrown off By this time, they had thrown off

Spanish control and began a Spanish control and began a period of rapid expansion.period of rapid expansion.

Why do exploring?Why do exploring?

Unlike the Spanish, the Dutch Unlike the Spanish, the Dutch made lots of money at home.made lots of money at home.

The Netherlands is small, with The Netherlands is small, with little room for farming or little room for farming or manufacturing.manufacturing.

The Dutch’s goal for exploration The Dutch’s goal for exploration was new lands.was new lands.

Dutch aims for explorationDutch aims for exploration

more landmore land more wealthmore wealth more powermore power break the Portuguese trade break the Portuguese trade

monopoly in Southeast Asiamonopoly in Southeast Asia

Dutch ExplorersDutch Explorers Dutch East India Company Dutch East India Company (or (or VOCVOC, from the , from the

Dutch Verenigde Oost-Indische)Dutch Verenigde Oost-Indische)

Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company (or (or GWC, from the , from the Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie)Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie)

Dutch ExplorersDutch Explorers Henry HudsonHenry Hudson

explored upstate New York and Canada explored upstate New York and Canada for the VOCfor the VOC

Peter MinuitPeter Minuit governed the Dutch colony of New governed the Dutch colony of New

NetherlandNetherland established the city of New Amsterdam established the city of New Amsterdam

(present-day New York City)(present-day New York City)

Official flag and seal of NYC

Where the Dutch wentWhere the Dutch went

Caribbean & South AmericaCaribbean & South America Netherlands AntillesNetherlands Antilles Virgin IslandsVirgin Islands TobagoTobago ChileChile BrazilBrazil

North AmericaNorth America New NetherlandNew Netherland

Fort Orange (present-day Albany, NY)Fort Orange (present-day Albany, NY) New Amsterdam (present-day New York City)New Amsterdam (present-day New York City)

Where the Dutch wentWhere the Dutch went AfricaAfrica

South Africa (lost to the British)South Africa (lost to the British) AsiaAsia

parts of Indiaparts of India Spice IslandsSpice Islands JavaJava IndonesiaIndonesia

Benefits for the DutchBenefits for the Dutch

removed power from rival states removed power from rival states (especially Portugal)(especially Portugal)

huge economic boost huge economic boost (especially from the spice trade)(especially from the spice trade)

land for agricultureland for agriculture

Empires after Empires after ExplorationExploration

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FrenchBritish

Portuguese

Spanish

Spanish

Dutch

Portuguese

British

Spanish

Russian