AP World History Ch. 4-7 Vocab.pdf

8/9/2019 AP World History Ch. 4-7 Vocab.pdf

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"great traditions"

Heritages including a written

language, common legal and

belief systems, ethical codes,

and other intellectual attitudes

"small traditions" Local customs and beliefs

Alexander

Philip's son and heir; Crossed

over into Asia, defeated the

Persian forces of King Darius

III, and reached to the Punjab

region of modern Pakistan

AlexandriaFirst of the new cities laid

out by Alexander himself,

in Egypt

aqueduct Long elevated or

underground conduits


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Buddha "the Enlightened one",

founder of Buddhism

Byzantine Empire

Derived from

Constantinople's original

name, was a term for teh

empire in the Eastern realm

Chang'an

Base of Han dynasty from 23 to

220 C.E.; protected by a ring of

hills, surrounded by a wall of

pounded earth and brick for 15

miles.

Constantine

King of the Roman Empire

from 306-337 C.E.,

reunited the entire empire

under his sole rule by 324

Cyrus

AKA Kurush, son of a Persian chieftain and a

Median princess; United the various Persian

tribes and overthrew the Median monarch

around 550 B.C.E.; placed Medes and

Persians in positions of responsibility and

retained the framework of Median rule


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Darius I

(522-468 B.C.E) extended Persian

control eastward as far as Indus Valley

and westward into Europe; Promoted the

development of maritime routes;

Completed a canal linking Red Sea with

Nile

democracyExercise of political power

by all free adult males in

Greece

equites

Class of well-to-do Italian

merchants and landowners

second in wealth and social

status only to the senatorial

class; allies of Augusutus

Ethiopia A country where Christian

missionaries were sent

FunanFirst major Southeast

Asian center, labeled by

Chinese visitors


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gentry Class next in wealth below

the aristocrats

Gupta EmpireAnother empire, smaller

than Mauryan Empire, of

India

Han Ruling dynasty of China

from 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

Hellenistic Age

Epoch ushered in by the conquests of

Alexander, because the lands in

northeastern Africa and western Asia

that came under Greek rule were

powerfully influenced by Greek culture

Herodotus

(485-425 B.C.E.) Published his

Histories, which consisted of

geographic and ethnographic

reports, legends, folktales,

marvels, and wars


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karma Deeds of a human life

Mahabharata

Pageant that tells the story

of 2 sets of cousins whose

quarrel over succession of

the throne leads to a battle

Mahayana Buddhism Embraced popular new

features of Buddhism

Malay peoples

Dominant population in

Southeast Asia; product of

several waves of migration

from southern China beginning

around 3000 BCE

Mauryan Empire India's first centralized

empire


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pax romana"Roman Peace", the safety

and stability guaranteed by

Roman might

Peloponnesian War

War between Athenians

and Spartans; Dragged on

for nearly 30 years; Sparta

was victorious

Pericles

Son of Pisistratus; took last

steps in the evolution of

Athenian democracy,

transferring all power to

popular organs of government

Persepolis

Built by Darius I and his son; used for

ceremonies of special importance to the

Persian king and people- coronations,

royal weddings, funerals, and the New

Year's festival.

Persian Wars2 Persian attacks on

Greece in the early fifth

century


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polis

Greek city-state consisting of

an urban center and the rural

territory that it controlled;

Various sizes and populations

Ptolemies

Dynasty that ruled Egypt and sometimes

laid claim to Syria-Palestine; Able to take

over much of the administrative structure

of the pharaohs and to extract the

surplus wealth of the land

QinState of the Wei Valley;

created China's first

empire (221-206 B.C.E.)

Roman Principate

Period following the Roman

Republic; Military dictators

being called "princeps",

first among equals

Roman Republic

(507-31 B.C.E.) Non-democratic

republic where the sovereign power

resided in several assemblies, male

citizens were eligible to vote, but

wealthier classes had more of a say


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Roman Senate

Real center of power; Advisory

council, first to kings, then to

changing Republican officials;

Made policy and goverened

Romanization Spread of Latin language

and Roman way of life

sacrifice

central ritual of Greek religion;

performed at altars in front of

temples; Consisted of cakes,

wines, animals/meat

Sahel literally "the coast" in

Arabic

Sasanid Empire

Empire in Iran that

brought a continuation of

the rivalry between Rome

and the Parthians


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satrap

Persian governor who was

likely to be related or connected

by marriage to the royal family;

Collected and sent tribute to

the king

savannaTropical mass of land

covered by long grasses

and scattered forest

Shi Huangdi Founder of the Qin Empire

Silk Road

Trade route linking the

Mediterranean with China

by way of Mesopotamia,

Iran, and Central Asia

Socrates

A philosopher who spread

ideas contrary to traditional

religious beliefs and

undermining morality.


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steppes Flat semiarid masses of

land

stirrup

One of the most important

inventions that came from the

Kushan people; gave rider far

greater stability in the saddle

sub-Saharan Africa Portion of Africa south of

the Sahara

Tamil kingdomsKingdoms of southern

India who were in frequent

conflict with one another

theater-state

Relationship of ruler and

subjects through solemn

rituals, dramatic ceremonies,

and exciting cultural events


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Theravada BuddhismFollowed most of the

original teachings of the

founder in Buddhism

third-century crisis

The period from 235-284 C.E.,

when political, military, and

economic problems beset and

nearly destroyed the Roman

Empire.

trans-Saharan caravan

routes

Trade routes via caravan

over the Sahara

triremeA sleek, fast vessel

powered by 170 rowers,

warship of the Greeks

tropical rain forestMass of land with large

amounts of rainfall and

flora


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tyrant

A person who seized and held

power in violation of the

normal political institutions

and traditions of the

community

varna Class system dividing

based on "color"/"class"

VedasReligious texts that are our

main source of information

about the Vedic age

Zoroastrianism

Religion of the Persians/

Origins are said to be from

Zoroaster. He revealed that the

world had been created by

Ahuramazda

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AP World History Ch. 4-7 Vocab.pdf