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8/19/2019 AP World African History
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■ Aim :What was AfricaAfrica like beforethe introduction of Islam?
■ Do Now : Try to name as
many Africancountries as youcan!
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How might this geography impact
Africans?
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Geography of Africa
Africa sgeographywas erydiverse
" Africansli ed
di erently based on
wherethey li ed
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Geography of Africa
The Sahara is theworld s largest
desert" acted as a
barrier to
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&arly %ocieties of Africa
'y ()*+ #orth Africans were part ofthe Islamic &mpire+ con erted to
Islam + " shared Arabic culture
&arly societies of North Africa were in,uenced by
-editerranean cultures suchas the .hoenicians " Romans
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&arly %ocieties of Africa
Africansocietiessouth of the%ahara wereisolated "
missed out onthe cultural
di/usion of theClassical &ra
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ow ear y peop e n u $ a aranAfrica li e?
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arac er s cs o u $ a aranAfrica
■ While the societies of sub$%aharanAfrica were di erse+ they sharedsome similarities: – -ost societies li ed in farming
illages in family-based clans – 1ew societies had
written languages2Histories wereshared orally bystorytellers 3griots4
– -ade iron tools
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0haracteristics of Africa■ %ub$%aharan people
were polytheistic: – .racticed animism +
a religion in whichspirits e5istin nature "
play a rolein daily life
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The 'antu -igration
6 er the course of
7+*** years+ antu peoples of centralAfrica migrated
south in search offarmland
These 'antu migrationshelped spread new farming
" ironworking techni8ues
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at actors s ape t e cu ture o&ast Africa?
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&ast Africa The societies of !ast Africa
participatedin the Indian "cean tradenetwork " were shaped by cultural
di/usion: – The kingdom of
Aksum traded with.ersia+ India+Arabia+ " 9ome2Aksum became aChristian kingdom
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Aksum 0hurch
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&ast Africa■ Arab merchants
introduced Islam to&ast African trade cities – The mi5 of African "
Arab cultures led to a
new Swahili language – Towns had mos#ues
" were ruled by a
-uslim sultan – 'ut many people
kept their traditionalreligious beliefs
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a ac ors s ape e cu ure oWest Africa?
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West Africa■ West Africa was
shaped by thetrans-Saharan trade network: – West Africans
had largedeposits ofgold + but lackedsalt
– The gold-salttrade connected #orth" West Africa
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West Africa■ The gold$salt trade
increased culturaldi/usion with$uslimmerchants: – Islam was
introduced inWest Africa "slowed gainedconverts
– -any Africansblended Islamwith animism or
never con erted
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West Africa■ The gold$salt trade led
to wealth " empires in West Africa – 'y **+ %hana
became an empire
by ta5ing merchants+building a largearmy + " con8ueringsurrounding people
–
Ghana kings ser edas religious leaders+ ;udges+ " generals
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Ghana Gold!
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West Africa■ & entually Ghana
was o erthrown " the$ali empire emerged – -ali s
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West Africa■ The kings who ruled
-ali after %undiatacon erted to Islam
■ The most importantking was $ansa$usa : – He built a =**+***
man army to keepcontrol o er -ali
– He di ided -ali intoprovinces ruled byappointedgovernors
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-ansa -usa-ansa -usa was a de out-uslim " went on a ha;; to
-ecca in => 7
-ansa -usa passed out gold nuggets
to the people he met along the way
li l k b Af i
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ery little was known about Africabelow the %ahara+ but -ansa -usa
is on the map@'ased on his image on the map+what did &uropeans know about
-ansa -usa?
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The History TeachersB
■ http:CCwww@youtube@comCwatch? D7TW6Ik&ygW-"featurDrelated
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TWOIkEygWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TWOIkEygWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TWOIkEygWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TWOIkEygWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TWOIkEygWM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TWOIkEygWM&feature=related
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West Africa■ When he returned
from -ecca+ -ansa-usa built mos#ues throughout -ali+including 'imbu(tu – This trade city
attracted scholars +doctors+ religious
leaders – It had a university " became an important centerfor learning
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Timbuktu
E;enne-os8ue Fni ersity
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West Africa■ After -ansa -usa+
-ali declined " wasreplaced by Songhai –
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0onclusions■ African
societies weretransformed by
two powerfulforces: – 'rade with
outsiders – Introduction
of Islam