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1.Agriculture is the science or practice of cultivating soil, growing

crops and raising livestock.2. Bias is a belief that someone or something is better than other things or people which can

result in a group of people being treated unfairly.

3.Bureaucracy is a system of government or business that that is complicated in how it is run or a

group of people who run a government without being elected.

4.A ity !tate is a city, and the area around it, which has its own government.

".ivili#ation refers to a society which has become well developed and well organi#ed.

$.ommercial relates to the buying and selling of goods and services.

%.&emography refers to the study of changes in human population over a time period.

'.&ynasty is a family which rules over a country for a long period of time.

(. An empire is a group of countries in a region which are ruled by one individual or governing

group.

1).*pidemic refers to something which is very prevalent or affects a large group of people, often

refers to an illness which spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people.

11.+lobali#ation refers to something which affects the whole world.

12. ndentured !ervant is someone who works for another person for a period of time in

e-change for passage to a new country.

13.nterregional is something which involves two or more regions of the world.

14.ingdom is a country which is ruled by a king or /ueen.

1".0edieval relates to anything which occurred during the 0iddle Ages.

1$. A merchant is a person who is a buyer and seller of goods.

1%. 0onotheism is the belief in only one +od.

1'.A nation is an area of land which has its own government. he word nation can also refer to

the people who live in that area.

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1(.eolithic refers to the last period of the !tone Age. eople also use that word to relate to

something which is very anti/uated.

2).obility usually refers to the group of people in a country who are part of the highest social

class.

21. A nomad is a person who moves from place to place rather than having a permanent home.

22.andemic is something which takes place over a wide area and affects a very large number ofpeople.

23.apacy is the office of the pope or the period of time when a particular pope is in office.

24.astoral relates to the countryside rather than to an urban setting.

2".atriarchal is a society in which the rulers are all men.

2$.eriodi#ation refers to dividing history into certain periods.

2%.olytheism is belief in multiple +ods.

2'.rehistoric refers to a time before there were written records.

2(.rimary !ource is a written document or physical obect from the era or event which is being

studied.

3).A revolution is a forcible overthrow of a government.

31.A serf was a slave who worked for a 5ord during the 6eudal !ystem7

32.A !haman is a person who will interact with spirits on behalf of the community.

33.A state is a nation or territory which is organi#ed under one government.

34.!teppes are large, flat areas of land with grass and very few trees.

3".

Civilization

3$.astoralism is agricultural activity which involves raising livestock to provide food, clothing,and shelter.

3%.Agrarian civili#ations are communities in which agriculture is the primary means of survival.

3'.Complex institutions are structures which govern the behavior of people.

3(.0onumental art and architecture is used to commemorate a person or group of people.

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4).omadic pastoralists are people who depended on animal husbandry which caused them to

move around to find ade/uate water and gra#ing.41.Political bureaucracies

42.8eligious hierarchies refers to an order or religious leaders such as in the 8oman atholichurch in which the ope in the top ranking leader.

43.!ocial stratifications refers to the rankings of different social groups in a society.

44.!peciali#ation of labor is the process by which people are divided into different groups to

perform certain obs to carry out a task. his was an important component of civili#ed societies.

4".Surplus labor

4$.!ystems of record keeping refer to the ways in which humans recorded events during history,

4%.9rban planning refers to laying out streets and houses and the systems which support a city.