AP US History Year Review Top Five

8/7/2019 AP US History Year Review Top Five

1/20

Previous Era: Age of Exploration Era: Colonization Following Era:Road to Revolution

For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that ifwe shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken ... we shall be made a story and a by-word throughout the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God ... Weshall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses

upon us til we be consumed out of the good land whither we are going. - John Winthrop from "A Model ofChristian Charity, 1630

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Using North America forresources and trade.(ESPECIALLY TOBACCO)

2.Competition with other coloniesand imperial powers (ie, Spain

and France)

3. Pilgrimage/ Religious Freedom

4. Church, Covenant andConformity

5. Servant Labor System

5 Most Important People

1. Christopher Columbus

2. William Penn

3. King James I of England

4. William Penn

5. Charles I

Top Five Key Events

1. Jamestown Colonyestablished by the British

2. Beginning of Slave Trade(to Jamestown by Dutch)

3. Bacons Rebellion

4. Cultivation of Tobacco

5. Puritan Revolution

As Europe grew and flourished, they looked for other lands to use for resources and trade. North America was found by Christopher Columbus on accident

while he was trying to sail to the West Indies. Various European powers started to settle North America. People flocked to the new lands in order to establishvast farmlands, which were scarce in Europe, and people also left their homelands for the New World in pursuit of religious freedom. The Mayflower landed at

Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts and established the Plymouth Plantation colony. They were a group of Protestants that sought religious freedom from theoppressive Church of England that only recognized Catholicism. As the colonies grew, they became distinctive independent bodies, grouped into 3 main

categories, the Southern Colonies, the Middle Colonies and the New England Colonies. The New England colonies were the center of pilgrimage and had aneconomy based on a merchant class and trade. The middle colonies were a mix of the northern and southern colonies ways of life. The southern colonies were

based on plantation farming and trade. They had slaves working in their fields in higher proportion than the north. The people who moved to the south weremore interested in trade and money than the religious and social freedoms that drew people to the north.

Study Stack Chapter 3, Chapter 4 Chapter 5


2/20

Previous Era: Colonization EraRoad To Revolution

Following Era: American Revolution

If at length it becomes undoubted that an inveterate resolution is formed to annihilate the liberties of thegoverned, the English history affords frequent examples of resistance by force . What particular circumstanceswill in any future case justify such resistance can never be ascertained till they happen. Perhaps it may beallowable to say generally, that it never can be justifiable until the people are fully convinced that any further

submission will be destructive to their happiness. John Dickinson from Letters From a Farmer inPennsylvania

Top Five Main Ideas1. As time passed in the colonies,they became more independentfrom Britain and moreaccustomed to their own way oflife, thus creating patriotismtowards their new lands instead oftheir homelands.

2. Taxation without representation

3. Violent resistance to the Britishstarts to swell

4. Colonists angered at theauthority given to the british army,felt it was unfair.

5. British felt that they did have

authority over the colonists


1. Samuel Adams

2. Benjamin Franklin

3. King George III

4. General Thomas Gage

5. George Washington

Top Five Key Events

1. The Intolerable Acts andothers.

2. Seven Years War

3. Nonconsumption andDaughters and Sons ofLiberty

4. First Continental Congress

5. Boston Tea Party andBoston Massacre

50 Word Summary

Prior to the Seven Years War, Americans were loyal to British. Albany Plan of Union was devised to unite colonies and protect them from Indians. It wasrejected by the colonists. After the war, many new taxes and acts were imposed on Americans to help pay for the war debt. Americans got angry, because they

had no representation in Britain. Americans start to boycott and protest, British only tighten grip. First continental congress formed to unify colonies againstBritish taxes and rules. It is the beginning of the separation from Britain.

Study StackChapter 6


3/20

Previous Era: Road to Revolution Era: American

RevolutionFollowing Era: The Early Republic

When in the Course of human events, i t becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the politicalbands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, theseparate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent

respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the

separation. -Declaration of Independence

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Olive Branch Petition

2. Patriotism, Loyalism,Neutralism

3. Declaration of the Causes

and Necessity of Taking Up

Arms

4. Patriots would harm

loyalists, often tarring andfeathering them. Neutrals could

be bought.

5. The British were finally ableto let go of the Americans at

the end of the war.


1. King George III


3. Thomas Paine

4. British General

Cornwallis

5. Benedict Arnold

Top Five Key Events

1. Second Continental

Congress

2. Lexington and Concord

3. Battle of Saratoga

4. Alliance With France

5. Surrender at Yorktown

50 Word Summary

American Rebels (patriots) took control of the colonies by ignoring the British authority and doing things how they wanted to do them. The Second Continentalcongress was at a point where war or peace were both viable situations. Bunker Hill , George Washington and rejection of the Olive Branch Petition by the king

all led down the path of war, but the Olive Branch Petition had the potential for reconciliation, but after its rejection, war was inevitable. Thomas Painespamphlet, Common Sense, caught extreme popularity with the colonists. French offered to join the American side. Hessians (German mercenaries for the

British) angered the Americans. The American Army had a hard time because the soldiers were poorly trained militiamen and at times it had low enlistment.The British strategy is more complicated than the Americans because the British were invading, but could not decimate the land, and the Americans were on the

defense. The road through war was long, rough and bloody, but through courage and dedication the Americans were able to attain their independence fromBritain.

Study Stack Chapter 7


4/20

Previous Era: American Revolution Era: The Early Republic Following Era: Age Of Jefferson

Among the most formidable of the obstacles which the new Constitution will have to encounter may readily bedistinguished the obvious interest of a certain class of men in every State to resist all changes which mayhazard a diminution of the power, emolument, and consequence of the offices they hold under the Stateestablishments; and the perverted ambition of another class of men, who will either hope to aggrandize

themselves by the confusions of their country, or will f latter themselves with fairer prospects of elevation fromthe subdivision of the empire into several partial confederacies than from its union under one government. -

Alexander Hamilton

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Stronger centralized federalgovernment

2. Temperance movements startto take place

3. American Neutrality to stay outof European entanglements

4. Debates over western lands,how they would be admitted asstates, issues on slaves, etc.

5. Setting up the government forthe people by the people



2. Thomas Jefferson

3. Alexander Hamilton

4. John Adams

5. John Jay

Top Five Key Events

1. Shays Rebellion

2. Northwest Ordinance

3. Constitutional Convention

4. First National Bank isgranted 20 year charter

5. Bill of Rights

50 Word Summary:

The Second Continental Congress met and produced the Articles of Confederation but it had difficulty setting them into place because of dissagreements between the states,especially in how to deal with western lands. Eventually the Articles are passed, and outl ined strong state government and a weaker federal government. People had patriotismto their state rather than their country. Americans insisted on written constitutions, especially for each state because of the lack of writ ten constitutions in Britain. The new state

constitutions labelled those able to vote as property owning white males, therefore not really fufilling the statement that all men are created equal Issues over slavery alreadyhave begun to develop, with some already knowing it is wrong, and others becoming more entrenched in its way of life. As a result of the war, the new country was already in

debt and printed mass amounts of money in attempts to eliminate this debt, but it only caused massive inflation. Shays Rebellion took place, over the issue of taxation. After this,the country began to realize it needed a stronger centralized government, and thus the road to the establishment of the US Constitution began. There was a massive rift in the

political system between Federalists and Antifederalists. Washington becomes the first president in 1789. The Bill of Rights was drafted by the First Congress. Hamilton began totry to tackle the governments economic issues. Agriculture, transportation and banking boomed. Public Debt and taxes increased. The First Bank of the US was established. TheWhiskey Rebellion occurred as a result to Hamiltons proposal of a 25% tax on Whiskey and other liquors. There continued to be conflicts with the Indians. Once again, France

and England got themselves into another war, and the US decided to proclaim neutrality as to not lose either o f the two countries as allies or trade partners. The HaitianRevolution takes place, and some fear that their slaves wil l rebel as well. John Adams is elected president. The XYZ af fair, a harrassment of American ships etc by the French

occurred and a bribe was the only way to solve it, so said three diplomats. This infuriated the Americans. The Quasi-War thus occurs. The Alien and Sedition acts are put inplace in result to the Quasi War.

Study Stack Chapter 8 Chapter 9


5/20

Previous Era: The Early Republic Era: The Age of Jefferson Following Era: War of 1812

"Millions of innocent men, women and children, since the introduction of Christianity, have beenburned, tortured, fined and imprisoned. What has been the effect of this coercion? To make half

the world fools and half hypocrites; to support roguery and error all over the world"- ThomasJefferson

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Enlightenment

2. Separation of Church andState (i.e., Virginia statute for

religious freedom)

3. Jeffersonian Democracy

4. Principle of inalienable rights

5. States Rights


1. Thomas Jefferson

2. Lewis and Clark

3. James Madison

4. Tecumseh

5. William HenryHarrison

Top Five Key Events

1. Louisiana Purchase

2. US trade with Europeweakened from Napoleonic

Wars

3. Embargo Act

4. US ends the slave tradein 1808

5. Non-Intercourse Act

50 Word Summary:Jefferson and Burr tied in 1800, the vote went over to the house. Some voted in favor of Jefferson, others chose not to vote so they wouldnt have to vote for

Jefferson, but he still would win. A slave named Gabriel tried to start a revolution, but it was quickly extinguished. Once in power, Jefferson exercised having a

simple and low-key low-power government. He ran everything with simplicity and urged for things to remain uncomplicated. Before John Adams term ran up, heappointed a total of 217 federalists to various judicial, diplomatic and military posts. He did this in order to keep a federalist foothold over power in a time when

the new president was republican. These elected officials became known as the Midnight Judges. During the Seven Years War, the French claimed they ownedthe Louisiana Territory. They quickly sold it when they feared of an American takeover. Lewis and Clark set on an expedition for the west coast. The Barbary

Wars in Tripoli and the Mediterranean were spurred by the demands for bribes for safe passage of American Ships. Americans eventually beat the pirates, butthe entire affair had little effect on the election of 1804. American government set forth an Embargo to block trade with France and England, both of which

threatened the US economy into a downward spiral. This failure on the part of the Republicans sparked strength in the Federalist Party.


6/20

Previous Era: The Age of Jefferson Era: War of 1812 Following Era: Age of Jackson

O say, can you see, by the dawns early light,/ What so proudly we hailed at the tw ilights last gleaming,/Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight, / Oer the ramparts we watched, were sogallantly streaming?/ And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air,/ Gave proof through the night

that our flag was still there;/ O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave/ Oer the land of the free andthe home of the brave? Francis Scott Key

Top Five Main Ideas

1. US once again protects itselffrom Britain

2. End of Non-Intercourse act,

opening trade to either FranceOr England, whichever would

stop restrictions on American

Shipping.

3. New Englanders against war

4. Americans lose momentum

and enthusiasm for war whenthe White House was burned

down by the British

5. Indians once again were thebig losers of the war.


1. Andrew Jackson

2. War Hawks

3. General Harrison(victory at Battle of the

Thames)

4. Tecumseh

5. Francis Scott Key

Top Five Key Events

1. Louisiana admitted as astate

2. Congress declares war

on Britain to protect USShipping rights

3.Congress doubles tariffon imports to finance thewar

4. Jackson and Battle of

Horseshoe Bend

5. Hartford Convention

50 Word Summary:

There were many restrictions in place on the Americans by the British and French for them trading with the other. This embargo was in place until Jefferson leftthe office, but then the Americans created the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 which prohibited trade with Great Britain, France and their colonies. In 1810 it waslifted and opened the ability for the US to trade with either Britain or France, whichever would drop their restrictions fi rst. Napoleon took action and declared

peace with the US. Many Americans felt that they were on the verge of war, but couldnt tell if it would be with England or France. The War Hawks (especiallyHenry Clay) encouraged war and wanted to create military responses to any foreign challenges. In June 1812 congress declared war on Great Britain to end

trade oppression and keep their honor. The war did not go well, and when the US tried to invade Canada. Federalists gained power in the government becausethey were anti-war and the majority of Americans felt that they were losing the war. The battles of Thames and Battle of Horseshoe Bend were great victories for

the US. The US dominates the Indians and takes more of their western land, expanding the united states once again. England and The US signed the Rush-Bagot treaty.


7/20

Previous Era: The War of 1812 Era: Age of Jackson Following Era: Western Expansion/Manifest Destiny

Take time to deliberate; but when the time for action arrives, stop thinking and go in.Andrew Jackson

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Indian Removal Act

2. Spheres of Influence

3. Jacksons democraticagenda

4. Public schooling starting totake place

5. Nullification


1. Andrew Jackson

2. Henry Clay

3. William Lloyd Garrison

4. Charles Grandison

Finney

5. abolitionists

Top Five Key Events

1. Trail of Tears

2. Corrupt Bargain

3. The second greatawakening

4. Tariff of Abominations

5. The Bank war

50 Word Summary:

The War of 1828 was the first election determined by popular vote. New campaign styles-rallies, picnics, banquets, etc, newspapers, documenting, etc not onlyboosting oneself but cuts others down. Distinct split in policies, tactics, government less unified. The President of the Common Man was Jacksons campaign

style. He sold himself as an average Joe, and wanted to gain the publics trust by coming off as the guy next door. The corrupt bargain took place, settingJackson in some eyes as a crook. Jacksons Democratic Agenda was that he only picked loyalists to his cabinet and wanted a minimal government, western

expansion, and wanted full power over congress. Separate spheres of influence start to take hold. Public schooling starts to form and expand, theaters becomemore popular, the Second Great Awakening occurs and is targeted largely at the middle working class. The American Temperance Movement tries to moderate

alcohol and sex. People pushing for moral reform starts to increase. The Liberatorwas a paper formed by Wil liam Lloyd Garrison in order to increase thesupport of abolitionism. Jacksons Indian Policy was that he saw them as a problem that had to be dealt with and lead to the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of

Tears. The Tariff of Abominations taxed British imported goods, and John C. Calhoun named it abominations because it severely impacted the souths cottontrade with Britain. Nullification was the idea that states had the power to reject congresss acts. The Bank war was that Jackson didnt want a central bank, and

then all loans were called in and it leads to the panic of 1837.


8/20

Previous Era: Age of Jackson Era: Western Expansion/

Manifest DestinyFollowing Era: Road to Civil War

It is Americas right to stretch from sea to shining sea. Not only do we have a responsibility toour citizens to gain valuable natural resources we also have a responsibility to civilize this

beautiful land. Thomas Jefferson

Top Five Main Ideas

1. John L. OSullivan coined theterm manifest destiny

2. Indians were increasingly

cheated out of their lands

3. Americans felt they had theright to possess all land in

North America

4. Economic and IndustrialRevolution

5. Reforming self and society


1. Indians

2. Mormons (JosephSmith Jr.)

3. Pioneers

4. abolitionists

5. Transcendentalists

and utopians

Top Five Key Events

1. Oregon Trail

2. Mormon Exodus

3. Independence of Texasand then the annexation of

Texas to the US

4. Mexican-American War(and Battle of the Alamo,

and Treaty of GuadaloupeHidalgo)

5. California Gold Rush

50 Word Summary:During this time there was a massive expansion of the lands of the United States. After the term Manifest Destiny was coined, Americans felt it was their god

given right and duty to settle and civil ize the lands of North America. As well as Manifest Destiny, reasons for settlement included religious freedom. TheMormons, led by Joseph Smith, moved throughout the lands until they settled in Salt Lake City, Utah, a place in which they felt they could be f ree to practice

their religion without persecution. As American settlers pushed west and north and south along the unsettled lands, they encountered numerous Indians andMexicans, and much feuding and battling over the lands occurred, and undoubtedly, the Americans won and pushed the Indians further west. Because of theirpushiness in acquiring land, a war with Mexico ensued. Since the Mexican Independence, the Mexicans found it difficult to protect their borders, and AmericanSettlers began to take advantage of this. At first the settlers were welcomed with open arms into the new lands of Mexico, but as they found that the Americanswere soon outnumbering the Mexicans, restrictions started to take place, and then eventually wars. The Texan Independence occurred, but they quickly soughtannexation with the United States. The Mexicans were tired of their lands being invaded, and the Mexican-American War was a result. This war was seen as

Mr. Polks War because the president did not make it a secret that he wanted to annex many lands, and that he felt that he should have some sort of major warto assure his place in the history books. Through many bloody battles, and divisions among Americans, triumph occurred, and through the Treaty of GuadeloupeHidalgo, many more lands were added to the United States, including New Mexico and California. California was especially sought after by the states becauseof its vast potential and the gold rush occurring there. Economics and Industry once again took on a revolution, increasing mechanization and manufacturing.People began to stand behind the Free-Labor Ideal, and many people felt that reform in society was needed and many societies, such as Transcendentalists

and Utopians formed. Women's rights movements continued, as did abolitionist movements.


9/20

Previous Era: WesternExpansion/Manifest destiny

Era: Road to Civil War Following Era: Civil War

There was a land of Cavaliers and Cotton Fields called the Old South. Here in this pretty world, Gallantry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seenof Knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slave. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the

wind... From the opening of the filmGone with the Wind(1939)

PictureTop Five Main Ideas

1. Pro-Slavery, Pro-statesrights South; anti-slavery

(BUT still racist), pro-federalism north

2. Plantation/ Slave

Economy

3. Paternalistic PlantationMasters

4. Free Blacks oppressed

and not doing too well

5. Plantation belt yeoman,upcountry yeoman and

poor whites of the southlived in scattered

communities and mostly

didnt have much to dowith the initial road to civilwar

5 Most ImportantPeople

1. Harriet Beecher

Stowe (Uncle TomsCabin)

2. John Brown

3. Charles Sumner (of

Sumner-brooks affair)

4. Nat Turner (slaverevolt)

5. George Fitzhugh

(argued that thenorthern labor system

rested on theexploitation of day

laborers)

Top Five Key Events

1. Gadsen Purchase addsland to Arizona and New

Mexico (issue of slavestatus comes up)

2. Bleeding Kansas/ Kansas-

Nebraska Act

3. Dred Scott decision(nullifies missouri

compromise and declaresthat slaves are property, not

citizens)

4. Lincoln-Douglas Debate/Freeport Doctrine

5. John Browns raid on

Harpers ferry

50 Word Summary:Throughout the course of United States history, there had always been rifts between the North and southern states, about a variety of issues, including states

rights, slavery, trade regulations, etc. The two were essentially feuding brothers tied together because they were related. In the decades closest to the Civil War,these feuds and disagreements started to grow and swell larger and more often than ever before. In attempts to keep the states together, many compromiseswere enacted. The compromise of 1850 strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law (for the south) and California was admitted as a free state (for the Union) and the

slave status of Utah and New Mexico would be determined by popular vote. The Northerners were mostly unionists who felt that the states should remaintogether through all of the seemingly irreconcilable differences. The south was going stir crazy being with the North, because they did not agree with many of theways of life and the laws of the United States. As time continued on, the south felt that the only way to preserve their way of life was to secede from the United

States of America and form their own country.


10/20

Previous Era: The Road to Civil War Era: Civil War Following Era: Reconstruction

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicatewe can not consecratewe can nothallowthis ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled

here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we sayhere, but it can never

forget what they didhere. It is forus the living, rather, to be dedicatedhere to the unfinished work which they who foughthere have thus far so noblyadvanced. It is rather forus to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to

that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall nothave died in vain that thisnation, underGod, shallhave a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the

earth. Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address

PictureTop Five Main Ideas

1.Unification

2. secession

3. slavery

4. Patriotism (toward own side)

5. Northern (federa)government or Southern (state)

government. Which prevails,the civil war will decide


1. Abraham Lincoln

2. Jefferson Davis

3. Ulysses S. Grant

4. Robert E. Lee

5. Stonewall Jackson

Top Five Key Events

1. Secession of the south andformation of the Confederate

States of America

2. Fort Sumter (initiates war)

3. Battle of Antietam

4. Battle of Gettysburg/Gettysburg Address

5. Appomattox Courthouse

50 Word Summary:Abraham Lincoln is elected president and Democrats split over the issue of slavery. South Carolina secedes from the Union in 1860. In 1861, Florida, Alabama,

Georgia, Mississippi and Louisiana secede. The Confederate States of America is formed and elects Jefferson Davis as the president. Kansas is added as afree state. The siege on Fort Sumter initiates the civ il war and Lincoln declares a state of insurrection and calls for military volunteers. Virginia, Arkansas,

Tennessee and North Carolina secede. England declares neutrality in the US Civil war. Lincoln suspends habeas corpus in the parts of the country that haveseceded. The confederacy invokes a conscription act. The north creates the Homestead Act guarantees 160 acres to farmers willing to move west and cultivateland. The Militia Act allows black troops into the Union Army. Battle of Antietam is the bloodiest battle of the war with more than 20000 casualties, but no clear

winner. Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation which frees all current slaves in the Confederate states but not the border slave states so the north didntlose their support. Lincoln creates a conscription act which orders men between 25 and 45 to enlist, but excepts people who would pay $300. Riots broke out

because poor people were the only ones fighting and felt it was unfair. West Virginia secedes from the Confederacy to join the union as a free state. Union winsthe Battle of Gettysburg and the Gettysburg address is delivered. The IRS (internal revenue service) is created. Lincoln vetoes the Wade-Davis Bill of

reconstruction and proposes his more lenient, more forgiving 10% Plan. Will iam Shermans march to the sea destroys the souths infrastructure and createstotal war. Congress passes the 13th amendment which abolished slavery in the Union. Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox

courthouse. Abraham Lincoln is shot and killed at the Ford Theater by John Wilkes Booth.


11/20

Previous Era: Civil War Era: Reconstruction Following Era: Gilded Age

"...With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bindup the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and

lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.- Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, Saturday, March 4, 1865

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Re-uniting the states, gettingcohesion back

2. re-building the souths

infrastructure, economy andagriculture

3. Sorting out how to introduce

the recently freed slaves into a

new way of life

4. Civil Rights, Black Rights

and Womens rights

5. Economic expansion


1. Andrew Johnson

2. President Ulysses S.Grant

3. Susan B. Anthony and

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

4. Rutherford B. Hayes

5. Ku Klux Klan

Top Five Key Events

1. Creation of 13th, 14th, 15th

amendments, and Civil

Rights acts of 1866 and 1875

2. Freedmens Bureau helpsfind blacks homes and jobs

3. Military Reconstruction

Acts, Wade-Davis bill, 1863

Proclamation of Amnesty andreconstruction, Johnson'sreconstruction plan

4. Railroads increase trade

and movement

5. Slaughterhouse Cases andUS vs. Cruikshank

50 Word Summary

Before the end of the war, Lincoln drew up some plans for reconstruction, which provided full pardons for rebels who would renounce secession and accept theend of slavery. Many thought that this was too forgiving. The Wade-Davis bill was drawn up by Congress in 1864 and it demanded that half of the voters in each

of the seceded states needed to take a vote of allegiance before reconstruction would begin. It also banned ex-Confederates from participating in the newconstitutions. The Federal government faced an enormous task of what to do with the labor force of former slaves and how to deal up federal land. Former

slaves were given new freedoms previously never encountered or even dreamed of, however, racism was still predominant throughout the country, and blackcodes and forced labor contracts in the south pretty much re-enslaved the freed blacks. Johnsons reconciliation plans were seen as too forgiving and lenient inthe eyes of most northerners. As the 13 th, 14th and 15th amendments were passed, much violent opposition was encountered. After these were passed, many

southerners just chose to ignore them completely, along the lines of Johnsons advice. During the struggle with b lacks freedoms and rights, debates overwomens rights developed as well. Grants presidency was marked with issues of corruption. He was not corrupt himself, rather he had appointed many who hadill intentions. The Ku Klux Klan and other forms of White Supremacy started to develop in the south, gripping many blacks and pro-blacks in fear. Rutherford B.

Hayes wins the election of 1876 in a tight and somewhat skewed election. The Compromise of 1877 returned the US to its former state of sectional compromise.

The Blacks of the south had a grim future ahead of them, namely in that their end of slavery did not mark the end of their oppression.


12/20

Previous Era: Reconstruction Era: Gilded Age Following Era: Imperialism andProgressivism

"I had no ambition to make a fortune; mere moneymaking has never been my goal. I had an ambition tobuild." - John D. Rockefeller.

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Big Businesses,Corporations and monopolies

2. Expansion of Railroads and

the Frontier

3. Urbanization due to factoryand immigrant work

4. Womens Rights

5. Laissez-Faire economics


1. John D. Rockefeller, AndrewCarnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt

(multi millionaires that usedmonopolies)

2.John Pierpont Morgan (saves the

US from bankruptcy)

3. Jay Gould (scammer of railroads)

4. Stalwarts, Half-Breeds andMugwumps (political parties)

5. Herbert Spencer and William

Graham Sumner

Top Five Key Events

1. Telephones andElectricity invented

2. Chinese Exclusion

Act

3. Wabash v. Illinois

4. Black Friday

5. Early Labor Unionsformed

The Gilded Age was a term coined by Mark Twain in his book, one that satirizes the society at this point in history. As well, itdescribes the vast expansion of the economy of the US at this point in time. Industry expanded greatly. Older industries were

changed into newer, more modern ones, and invention was creating tons of new industries. Railroads played a key role in this era,namely in that they were being greatly expanded, and with it, trade goods and general movement across the continent vastly

expanded. Andrew Carnegie created a huge fortune in the steel industry and introduced the idea of vertical integration. John D.Rockefeller revolutionized the oil-refining industry and created the Standard Oil Company. Electricity was developed (Thomas

Edison), and the telephone was invented (Alexander Graham Bell). J.P. Morgan reorganized the struggling railroads and he boughtup many railrood companies, turning himself into a billion dollar asset tycoon. The belief of Social Darwinism starts to emerge, andAndrew Carnegies book, The Gospel of Wealth, argued that those that had lots of wealth had the responsibility to share it with

others. Laissez-Faire economics starts to take place. The struggle for womens and blacks rights continues. Garfield is assassinatedby an angry man who desired an office position through the spoils system but was not given one.


13/20

Previous Era: Gilded Age Era: Imperialism and

ProgressivismFollowing Era: Wilson and World War I

To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the f irst task of the statesmanship of theday. 1912 Progressive Party Platform, attributed to T. Roosevelt

The American flag has not been planted in foreign soil to acquire more territory but for humanitys sake. (McKinley, July 12, 1900)

Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1. Conservation ethics

2. Efficiency movement

3. Economic progressivism

4. Freedom, workers rights andmixed economy

5. Welfare of society


1. Teddy Roosevelt

2. William Howard Taft

3. William Jennings Bryan

4. Woodrow Wilson

5. Robert La Follette

Top Five Key Events

1. Taft- Katsura agreement

2. Roosevelt corollary

3. Panama canal constructed

4. 16th and 17th amendment

5. Ford motors and model t,assembly line created

50 Word Summary:The 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act was a federal law that made Americans opposed to

monopolies; it prohibited contracts and deals that would restrain trade, and outlawed unions.Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd president and he was remembered for his billion dollarcongress. Sherman Silver Purchase Act was made to help farmers by increasing money

supply by buying millions of ounces of silver, which would cause inflation which wouldincrease farmers crop income. McKinley tariff bill raised the tariff on foreign products and

boosted the sugar industry. The Populist party was a farmers movement that wanted a moreconsolidated, insulatory government and country. Jacob Coxey led a protest of unemployed

men from Ohio. The Pullman Strike was led by railroad workers. Monroe Doctrine wasinvoked by Roosevelt when Britain interfered iwht a border dispute between British Guiana

and Venezuala and it said that Europe had no reason to be involved in the WesternHemisphere. William Jennings Bryan argued for a currency based in silver and gold Crossof Gold which would help back the dollar and help the average person. Yellow Journalismand muckraking became common practice in journalism, both practices are exaggerationsbut sold more papers. The USS Maine blew up in the Havana Harbor and 260 died. It was

an accident but largely played up by Yellow Journalism. The Spanish-American war gavethe US control of Puerto Rico, the Phillipines and Guam and the Independence of Cuba.Teddy Roosevelt was a major leader in this era and won a Nobel Peace Prize and wasfamous for his idea speak softly and carry a big stick. He led the Panama Canal, the

Roosevelt Corollary and the Square Deal. Imperialism starts to form and the Annexation ofHawaii happens in 1898. McKinley is assassinated by an anarchist, which allowed

Roosevelt to become president. Womens rights movements began to kick up again, thistime starting in the midwest. The Womens crusade and the WCTU/ Anti-saloon league set

out to abolish alcohol.


14/20

Previous Era: Imperialism andProgressivism

Era: Wilson and World War IFollowing Era: Roaring 20s

Quote Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Top Five Key Events

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

50 Word Summary


15/20


16/20

Previous Era: Roaring 20s Era: The Great Depression/ The

New DealFollowing Era: World War II

Quote Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Top Five Key Events

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

50 Word Summary


17/20


18/20

Previous Era: World War IIEra: The Baby Boom, Economic

Prosperity, and The Cold WarFollowing Era: Civil Rights, Nixon andVietnam

Quote Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Top Five Key Events

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

50 Word Summary


19/20

Previous Era: The Baby Boom,Economic Prosperity and the Cold War

Era: Civil Rights, Nixon and

VietnamFollowing Era: Neo-conservatism/ Endof Communism

Quote Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Top Five Key Events

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

50 Word Summary


20/20

Previous Era: Civil Rights, Nixon andVietnam

Era: Neo-Conservatism/ End of

CommunismFollowing Era

Quote Picture

Top Five Main Ideas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Top Five Key Events

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

50 Word Summary

Documents

AP US History Year Review Top Five