AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Civil Rights – part 2

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Proposed by Kennedy 5 months before he diedPushed through Congress by Lyndon B. Johnson“We’ve just lost the South for a generation”.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Made racial discrimination illegal in hotels,motels, restaurants, and other public places.

Forbade discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin,religion, or gender.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Created the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)to monitor & enforce protections against job discrimination

Provided for withholding federal grants from state & local governments that practiced racial discrimination

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Strengthened voting rights legislation

Authorized the U.S. Dept. of Justice toinitiate lawsuits to desegregate public schoolsand facilities

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

24th Amendment

Ratified in 1964

Declared that poll taxes in federal elections are not allowed.

2 years later the Supreme Court held that poll taxes in state elections are a no-noHarper v. Virginia State Board of Elections

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Meant to end barriers to African American suffrage (voting).

Prohibited use of procedures that denied a person the vote based on race or color.

Abolished use of literacy requirements for anyone who had completed the 6th grade.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Abigail AdamsWife of John AdamsIn a letter to him while he attended theConstitutional Convention . . .

. . . remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

John Adams In his response to Abigail’s letter . . .

As to your extraordinary code of laws, I cannot but laugh.

We have been told that our struggle has loosened the bonds of government everywhere; that children and apprentices were disobedient; that schools and colleges were grown turbulent; that Indians slighted their guardians, and negroes grew insolent to their masters.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

John Adams In his response to Abigail’s letter . . .

But your letter was the first intimationthat another tribe, more numerous and powerful

than all the rest, were grown discontented.–

This is rather too coarse a Compliment but you are so saucy, I won’t blot it out.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments1848 - Birth of the women’s rights movement

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal;

.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.

.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

. . . we insist that they have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of these United States..

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

In 1872

Susan B. Anthony was arrested for voting in the presidential election.She was found guilty and fined $100.

I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty!

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

19th Amendment ratified (1920)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Equal Rights Amendment

Introduced in Congress in 1923

Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Equal Rights Amendment

Introduced in every session of Congress after 1923 . . . finally passed in . . .

Ratified by 35 states

Therefore . . . NOT an Amendment

1972

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Reed v. Reed

1971

Supreme Court, for 1st time, upheld claim of gender discrimination.

Found it violated . . . Equal protection clause of the

14th Amendment

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Civil Rights Act of 1964Banned gender discrimination

in employment

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978Illegal to exclude pregnancy & childbirth

from sick leave & benefits plans

AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS – Civil Rights

Women

Title IX of the Education Act of 1972

Forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs

Including athletics . . . leading to . . .