AP United States HistoryAP United States HistoryUnit 11 Turmoil & ProgressUnit 11 Turmoil & Progress

The Three KeysThe Three Keys

OriginsOrigins• Following the Following the

assassination of JFK, assassination of JFK, Johnson wanted to Johnson wanted to further the domestic further the domestic advances made by advances made by JFK, as well as JFK, as well as meeting the following meeting the following three major legislative three major legislative goals.goals.

Assassination Of JFKhttp://www.tampabay.com/specials/2009/reports/

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The Three KeysThe Three Keys

Stimulate the EconomyStimulate the Economy• Tax Reduction Act Tax Reduction Act

of 1964.of 1964.– Cut taxesCut taxes by $11.5 by $11.5

billion.billion.– Result: Result: consumer consumer

spending rosespending rose by by $45 billion in four $45 billion in four years and years and unemployment fell unemployment fell to under 4%to under 4%..

36th POTUS Lyndon B. Johnson http://www.jlcauvin.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/lbj1.jpg

The Three KeysThe Three KeysEnact Civil rights LegislationEnact Civil rights Legislation

• Johnson’s View.Johnson’s View.– ““We have talked long We have talked long

enough about equal enough about equal rights in this country. rights in this country. We have talked for 100 We have talked for 100 years or more. It is time years or more. It is time now to write the next now to write the next chapter and to write it in chapter and to write it in a book of lawa book of law.”.”MLK At The March On

Washington 1963 http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/43/95543-050-F1A9AD13.jpg

The Three KeysThe Three KeysEnact Civil rights LegislationEnact Civil rights Legislation• Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964..– Outlawed discrimination in Outlawed discrimination in public facilitiespublic facilities..– Authorized the attorney general to Authorized the attorney general to sue to sue to

desegregate public facilities and schoolsdesegregate public facilities and schools..– Stopped federal fundsStopped federal funds to states and localities to states and localities

that that failed to integratefailed to integrate..– Forbade the unequal application of voter Forbade the unequal application of voter

registration standardsregistration standards..– Forbade discrimination from employers or Forbade discrimination from employers or

labor unionslabor unions on the grounds of race, color, on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, physical disability, or age.religion, sex, physical disability, or age.

The Three KeysThe Three Keys

Declare War On PovertyDeclare War On Poverty• Over Over 3535 million Americans trapped in the million Americans trapped in the

poverty during the “poverty during the “Affluent SocietyAffluent Society” of the ” of the 1950s.1950s.– Environment of poverty is characterized by Environment of poverty is characterized by disease, disease,

helplessness, drug and alcohol abuse, increased helplessness, drug and alcohol abuse, increased crime, and a “hand-to-mouth” existencecrime, and a “hand-to-mouth” existence..• Poverty increased in Poverty increased in urban slums and economically urban slums and economically

depressed rural areasdepressed rural areas..• Children were a Children were a product of their environment and the product of their environment and the

poverty culture would perpetuate itselfpoverty culture would perpetuate itself..

• Destroy poverty and the country can combat Destroy poverty and the country can combat the other ills more effectivelythe other ills more effectively..– Needed new programs that were designed to meet Needed new programs that were designed to meet

the needs of the poor.the needs of the poor.

The Three KeysThe Three Keys

Declare War On PovertyDeclare War On Poverty

LBJ With An Impoverished Family In Appalachia

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College Student Helping With The War On Poverty In The 1960s

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The Three KeysThe Three Keys

Declare War On PovertyDeclare War On Poverty• Economic Opportunity Economic Opportunity

Act of 1964.Act of 1964.– Provided $1 billion to Provided $1 billion to

develop a number of develop a number of programs, including the programs, including the ones below.ones below.• Job CorpsJob Corps, which provided , which provided

employment for youths 16-employment for youths 16-21.21.

• Job training for unemployed Job training for unemployed adults.adults.

• Work-study fundsWork-study funds for college for college students.students.

LBJ Signing The Economic Opportunity Act Of 1964

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The Three KeysThe Three Keys

Declare War On PovertyDeclare War On Poverty• Loans for employers to Loans for employers to

train low-skilled workers.train low-skilled workers.• Head Start ProgramHead Start Program, ,

intended to improve the intended to improve the early education of early education of economically-challenged economically-challenged youngsters.youngsters.

• VISTA (Volunteers in VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America)Service to America)..– A A domestic Peace Corpsdomestic Peace Corps, ,

sent to depressed areas to sent to depressed areas to aid in training, education, aid in training, education, and establishing schools and and establishing schools and other public institutions.other public institutions.

Head Start Programhttp://sitemaker.umich.edu/tucker.356/files/sub-head-start.gif

The Three KeysThe Three Keys

Declare War On PovertyDeclare War On Poverty• Creation of Creation of HUDHUD

(Department of Housing & (Department of Housing & Urban Development).Urban Development).– Headed by Headed by Robert C. Robert C.

WeaverWeaver, the nation’s first , the nation’s first African-American Cabinet African-American Cabinet member.member.

– Job was to Job was to oversee housing oversee housing requirements and standards requirements and standards for the poorfor the poor, inspect urban , inspect urban areas, and develop areas, and develop programs intended to clean programs intended to clean up cities.up cities.

Department Of Housing & Urban Development

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Other Other

Legislative ProgramsLegislative Programs• Ended the National Ended the National

Origins Quota SystemOrigins Quota System– Opened immigration to Opened immigration to

people from the Middle people from the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and East, Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe.Eastern Europe.

• Purification of Air & Purification of Air & Water ActWater Act– Enacted to Enacted to clean up clean up

industrial centers, restore industrial centers, restore polluted waterways, and polluted waterways, and combat smog-laden aircombat smog-laden air..

Eye See No Reason For Clean Waterhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_HebHJGR5JjI/SKrh9boFAKI/AAAAAAAAAPM/aODZaMu-FYQ/s400/Blinky.jpg

Other Other

Legislative ProgramsLegislative Programs• National Foundation of National Foundation of

the Arts and Humanitiesthe Arts and Humanities– Encouraged cultural and Encouraged cultural and

artistic development in artistic development in America by providing America by providing grants to artists and grants to artists and writers, as well as writers, as well as programs to have new programs to have new works displayed and works displayed and disseminated to average disseminated to average Americans and schools.Americans and schools.

National Endowment For The Artshttp://deyoung.famsf.org/files/nealogo.png

Other Other

Legislative ProgramsLegislative Programs• Truth in Lending ActTruth in Lending Act

– Designed to give consumers Designed to give consumers greater protection in credit greater protection in credit transactions.transactions.

• Medicare Amendments to the Medicare Amendments to the Social Security ActSocial Security Act– Provided hospital insurance Provided hospital insurance

and certain post-hospital care and certain post-hospital care for all Americans over the age for all Americans over the age of sixty-five.of sixty-five.

– Also made available Also made available inexpensive medical inexpensive medical insurance that covered insurance that covered doctor bills, diagnostic doctor bills, diagnostic procedures, and other procedures, and other medical services and medical services and supplies.supplies.

Medicare Sealhttp://www.californiaprogressreport.com/medicare.jpg

Impact Of The Great SocietyImpact Of The Great Society

Success Of The Great SocietySuccess Of The Great Society• Brought hope to millions of AmericansBrought hope to millions of Americans..

– Enabled more than 11 million students to receive Enabled more than 11 million students to receive loans for a college education.loans for a college education.

– Prepared more preschoolers for grade school and Prepared more preschoolers for grade school and low-income middle years students for high school low-income middle years students for high school and college.and college.

– Provided some important programs for the poor, Provided some important programs for the poor, including including medical aid, food stamps, welfare, and medical aid, food stamps, welfare, and school lunchesschool lunches..

– Over 2 million older Americans Over 2 million older Americans were raised above were raised above the poverty levelsthe poverty levels due to the new Medicare due to the new Medicare program.program.

– Created 2 million government jobs, with nearly half Created 2 million government jobs, with nearly half of them of them filled by minoritiesfilled by minorities..

Impact Of The Great SocietyImpact Of The Great Society

Failures Of The Great SocietyFailures Of The Great Society• Could not accomplish everything Could not accomplish everything

it set out to do.it set out to do.• Created concern among many Created concern among many

whites that the social programs whites that the social programs established in the name of the War established in the name of the War on Poverty were on Poverty were draining public draining public funds without producing visible funds without producing visible resultsresults..– Felt that very little had been changed Felt that very little had been changed

despite the amount of money spent.despite the amount of money spent.– Made Americans reconsider the Made Americans reconsider the

commitment to expensive social commitment to expensive social programs that were putting the programs that were putting the nation into debt.nation into debt.

– Would lead to the Would lead to the Conservative Conservative RevolutionRevolution in the 1970s and the in the 1970s and the 1980s.1980s.

Reagan Revolution 1980http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1980/1101801117_400.jpg

Impact Of The Great SocietyImpact Of The Great Society

Failures Of The Great SocietyFailures Of The Great Society• Despite the fact that the Despite the fact that the

economy was expanding economy was expanding again, some people again, some people prospered more than prospered more than others.others.– Many people were Many people were still still

poverty-stricken and poverty-stricken and depresseddepressed..

– Social dissatisfaction had Social dissatisfaction had led to violence and fearled to violence and fear, , as evidenced by the social as evidenced by the social unrest of the mid-1960s.unrest of the mid-1960s.

– African-Americans still African-Americans still found it hard to get jobs or found it hard to get jobs or share in the affluence.share in the affluence.

Thank You For Selling Out Corporate America!

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