AP Psychology Review Perspectives across the curriculum

AP Psychology ReviewAP Psychology Review

Perspectives across the Perspectives across the curriculumcurriculum

HumanismHumanism

PeoplePeople MaslowMaslow RogersRogers

HumanismHumanism

Key Terms and IdeasKey Terms and Ideas Individual choice, Free willIndividual choice, Free will Self fulfillmentSelf fulfillment Unconditional Positive RegardUnconditional Positive Regard Hierarchy of Needs (Self Actualization)Hierarchy of Needs (Self Actualization)

HumanismHumanism

MethodsMethods Person Centered (Rogers)Person Centered (Rogers) EmpathyEmpathy Emphasis that people are goodEmphasis that people are good Non-directive, people choose their own Non-directive, people choose their own

pathpath Active listeningActive listening

HumanismHumanism

Disorders CauseDisorders Cause Lack of control in one’s lifeLack of control in one’s life Denial of true thoughts about one’s self, Denial of true thoughts about one’s self,

leads to anxiety, prevents self leads to anxiety, prevents self actualizationactualization

Lack of UPR. (Uncond. Pos. Reg.)Lack of UPR. (Uncond. Pos. Reg.) TherapyTherapy

Client-centeredClient-centered

PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic

PeoplePeople FreudFreud Neo-Freudians (psychodynamic)Neo-Freudians (psychodynamic)

Jung- personal unconscious, collective Jung- personal unconscious, collective unconsciousunconscious

Adler- inferiority and superiority complexAdler- inferiority and superiority complex


Key Terms and IdeasKey Terms and Ideas Defense Mechanisms- RepressionDefense Mechanisms- Repression Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual Stages Personality Theory- Type A & Type BPersonality Theory- Type A & Type B Id, Ego, SuperegoId, Ego, Superego Childhood experiencesChildhood experiences UnconsciousUnconscious


MethodsMethods Free associationFree association Dream analysisDream analysis HypnosisHypnosis


Causes of disordersCauses of disorders Repressed memories from childhood Repressed memories from childhood

experiencesexperiences Unconscious conflictsUnconscious conflicts

Biological PerspectiveBiological Perspective

PeoplePeople BiopsychologistBiopsychologist PsychiatristsPsychiatrists


Key Terms/Ideas Key Terms/Ideas Somatic (body)/ Biological processesSomatic (body)/ Biological processes Organic Organic Genes, hormones ,brain structure, Genes, hormones ,brain structure,

neurotransmitters (see chart in book)neurotransmitters (see chart in book) PsychopharmacologyPsychopharmacology

SSRI, Antipsychotics, Lithium, AntianxietySSRI, Antipsychotics, Lithium, Antianxiety


MethodsMethods Drug therapyDrug therapy ECTECT SurgerySurgery Brain Scan (MRI, PET, EEG)Brain Scan (MRI, PET, EEG)


Causes of DisordersCauses of Disorders Genetic predispositionGenetic predisposition OrganicOrganic Chemical imbalanceChemical imbalance

Evolutionary PerspectiveEvolutionary Perspective

Key People Key People DARWINDARWIN


Key Terms/IdeasKey Terms/Ideas SociobiologistsSociobiologists Natural selectionNatural selection Adaptive behaviorAdaptive behavior instinctsinstincts


MethodsMethods Gene studies (case study)Gene studies (case study) Same as biologicalSame as biological

EvolutionaryEvolutionary

Causes and Treatment for disordersCauses and Treatment for disorders Same as biologicalSame as biological

Behavioral PerspectiveBehavioral Perspective

PeoplePeople Watson, Skinner, Pavlov, BanduraWatson, Skinner, Pavlov, Bandura

Behavioral/Learning Behavioral/Learning perspectiveperspective

Key Terms/IdeasKey Terms/Ideas Also known as the learning perspectiveAlso known as the learning perspective Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR, Acquisition, discrimination, UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR, Acquisition, discrimination, generalizationgeneralization

Stimulus response association.Stimulus response association. Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning

Association of consequencesAssociation of consequences Pos/Neg reinforces, punishment, learned helplessness, Pos/Neg reinforces, punishment, learned helplessness, Reinforcement schedules: VR, FR, VI, FI. Reinforcement schedules: VR, FR, VI, FI.


MethodsMethods Observable behaviorObservable behavior

LimitationsLimitations Some believed that learning occurs Some believed that learning occurs

without thoughtwithout thought behavior does not go against speciesbehavior does not go against species


Disorder Cause/TreatmentDisorder Cause/Treatment Fear conditioningFear conditioning Natural selection (snakes, spiders, etc.)Natural selection (snakes, spiders, etc.) Systematic desensitizationSystematic desensitization CounterconditioningCounterconditioning Token economyToken economy

CognitiveCognitive

PeoplePeople Atkinson-Shiffron (3 stage memory Atkinson-Shiffron (3 stage memory

model)model)

Cognitive perspectiveCognitive perspective

Key Terms/ IdeasKey Terms/ Ideas Think, perceive, memory, Language, Think, perceive, memory, Language,

IntelligenceIntelligence Information processing modelInformation processing model

Short term memory: Mnemonics Short term memory: Mnemonics Long term memory: episodic, Semantic, Procedural Long term memory: episodic, Semantic, Procedural

memoriesmemories Retroactive/proactive interferenceRetroactive/proactive interference

Language: stages pg 406. Language: stages pg 406. Linguistic determinismLinguistic determinism

CognitiveCognitive

MethodsMethods Stanford-Binet’s IQ testStanford-Binet’s IQ test WAIS- most widely used intelligence testWAIS- most widely used intelligence test

Cognitive Cognitive

Cause of disordersCause of disorders Misperception of the worldMisperception of the world Encoding failureEncoding failure

TreatmentTreatment Change the way one thinks about the Change the way one thinks about the

worldworld CBTCBT

Socio-Cultural PerspectiveSocio-Cultural Perspective

PeoplePeople MilgramMilgram AschAsch

Socio-CulturalSocio-Cultural

Key terms and IdeasKey terms and Ideas Focus on the difference between Focus on the difference between

behavior across cultures.behavior across cultures. Loafing, bystander, stereotype, Loafing, bystander, stereotype,

prejudice, attractiveness, aggression, prejudice, attractiveness, aggression, conformity, fundamental attribution conformity, fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonanceerror, cognitive dissonance

Socio-culturalSocio-cultural

Methods Methods Case studyCase study

Socio-culturalSocio-cultural

Disorders/TreatmentDisorders/Treatment eclecticeclectic

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AP Psychology Review Perspectives across the curriculum