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AP PSYCH UNIT II . TEST REVIEW. I believe in radical behaviorism. B.F Skinner . I started classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov. In Pavlov’s classic experiment, I am the CS. CS = the Bell. Bobo Doll is my xperiment. Bandura. YOU CAN CALL ME GUSTATION, OR JUST…. Taste. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AP PSYCH UNIT II TEST REVIEW
I believe in radical
behaviorism
• B.F Skinner
I started classical conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov
• In Pavlov’s classic experiment, I am the CS
•CS = the Bell
Bobo Doll is my xperiment
Bandura
YOU CAN CALL ME GUSTATION, OR JUST…
Taste
If you use me, I will increase the likelihood of
behavior repeating (I could be positive or negative)
•Reinforcement
You can’t see me or hear me. I am
below your absolute threshold
Subliminal stimulation
THIS STATES THAT DIFFERENCE THRESHOLDS INCREASE IN PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF THE
ORIGINAL STIMULUS
WEBER’S LAW
I SWEAR I SAW YOU IN THE MALL
FALSE POSITIVE
THE PROCESS OF TAKING STILMULI IMPUT & TURNING IT INTO SOMETHING MEANINGFUL
PERCEPTION
I increase the likelihood that a BX
will be increased
• Positive reinforcement• Negative reinforcement
• I am used to decrease the likelihood that a behavior
will be repeated
• Punishment • Omission training
I connect a new stimulus to an previously established stimulus - response relationship
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• In Ivan Pavlov’s classical experiment, I am the CR
CR = salivating
• Salivating
• In this experiment, I furthered the understanding
of classical conditioning (oh, and I raised a few ethical
concerns with the APA)
Little Albert & John B. Watson
• Little Albert & John B. Watson
Kinesthetic receptors are found here
Joints and Muscles
Vestibular receptors are found
here
Semicircular Canals
I am a cell in the retina.
I detect black and gray. I am
frequently used in dim lighting
Rods
We are the smallest bones in your body
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
I am a theory that attempts to explain
pain and can be applied to manage
pain
Gate Control Theory
• Cats used to puzzle me, now I explain their
“intrumental conditioning” by the “law of effect”
Edward Thorndike
I include these:texture gradient,
shawdowing, relative size cue, and linear
perspective
Monocular Cues
I, Eleanor Gibson, used this to
determine when children
understand depth perception
VISUAL CLIFF EXPERIMENT
325 × 300 - gynomite.wordpress.com
I am the term used to describe the transformation of stimulus energy into the electrochemical energy of
neural impulses
•TRANSDUCTION
• I carry neural messages to the LGN inside the Thalamus
Optic Nerve
• If your lens consistently focuses am image in front of your retina the opthamologist
will diagnose you
• near-sighted
•This explains afterimages
•Opponent-process theory
What perceptual principle?
• SIZE CONTANCY
What perceptual principle?
•SHAPE CONSTANCY
What did Max Wertheimer
start?
GESTALT
What’s this?
•Reversible figure-ground image
• The thalamus and I help regulate wakefulness, arousal and attention
Reticular Formation
I hang in the brain and I control body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and blood sugar levels
Hypothalamus
• Telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition & telekinesis
are my thing
•Parapsychology
• I go 1 2 3 4 back to 3 2 1, then REM
Sleep Cycle
I show mostly Delta on an EEG
STAGE 4
They call me paradoxical
REM
I can’t sleep!!!
Insomnia
I occur during stage 4
• Sleep walking, bed-wetting, night terrors, sleep talking
I am a drug and I am so depressing
Barbiturates
• Sedatives, tranquilizers, alcohol, valium, Xanax, “roofies”
I am such a “pain killer”
narcotics
• Morphine, heroin, codeine, opium, methadone
I am a stimulant
• Ritalin, ecstasy, nicotine, caffeine, cocaine
The neutral stimulus becomes the?
•Conditioned Stimulus
The UCR always becomes the
CS
The NS always becomes the
CS
In higher order conditioning, the CS is is connected to a new?
NS• – Bully ---- Anxiety– School + Bully Anxiety• = School = Anxiety• TEST + School Anxiety
– TEST = Anxiety
• “Instrumental Conditioning”, he
believed that his work and
his research was
instrumental in shaping
future BX
Edward Thorndike
Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
Generalization
Terminating an aversive action
Escape Learning
This occurs when another NS is attached to an established CS, resulting in new
learning.
Higher Order Conditioning
•
I encourage the likelihood of a
behavior repeating, and you need me to
survive
Primary Reinforcer
I keep failing, so I give up!
Learned Helplessness
Wow Wolfgang…I suddenly got the answer
Insight Learning