Ap Proto-KRNB Comp Dict - Open Research: Open … Proto-Kamta wordlist Appendix A.Comparative KRNB wordlists: Proto-Kamta and reflexes in eight descendent lects Contents Proto-Kamta

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APPENDICES

358 Proto-Kamta wordlist

Appendix A. Comparative KRNB wordlists: Proto-Kamta and reflexes in eight descendent lects

Contents Proto-Kamta wordlist .................................................................................................... 358 English reversal wordlist............................................................................................... 441 Reconstruction Id. reversal list...................................................................................... 452

Proto-Kamta wordlist This section outlines a list of words reconstructed for proto-Kamta. The phonological characteristics of the words are based on the reconstruction in chapter 4. As argued in that chapter, the language of the proto-Kamta period probably included the phonological distinction between retroflex and dental nasals */*n and laterals */l, as well as the vowel * in final position. These features were subsequently lost in all KRNB lects, but not until after the proto-Kamta period of linguistic history. Cognate data for the 8 KRNB lects are listed under a reconstructed headword. Reference is also included to the entry in Ralph Turners Comparative Dictionary of Indo-Aryan languages (prefixed below by CDIAL). Each headword is categorised as either:

Tatsama. Sanskrit loan unaltered by the MIA phonological changes, and mostly unaltered by NIA changes;

Altered Tatsama. These are also NIA era loans from Sanskrit, that are not affected by the MIA era phonological changes. However, their form has been considerably altered by NIA phonological changes.

Tadbhava. Ordinary inherited form, affected by all MIA and later changes. I have not distinguished items retained from proto-Indo-Iranian from early loanwords from Austro-asiatic, Dravidian or Tibeto-Burman origin. Many non-Aryan loanwords have been part of the language for millenia, and underwent the MIA changes alongside of the strata retained from proto-Indo-Iranian;

Semi-Tatsama. MIA borrowing from SanskritOIA consonant clusters are broken up rather than simplified or retained;

Persian & Arabic loanwords. The inclusion of these loans in the proto-Kamta vocabulary is justified because the first Muslim invasion occurred in 1200 AD. As the proto-Kamta stage covers 1250-1550 AD, it is plausible that well distributed Perso-Arabic origin words entered the language during that formative period. In almost all cases, these Perso-Arabic origin words undergo the same changes as the Tadbhava strata.

* mtn, * mn *agur

Proto-Kamta wordlist 359

---- ----

* mtn, * mn adj. like that; TH: mon ; SH: oj mtn, oimn ,

, ; RP: mon ; BH: oj mton, omun ,

, . Recon. Id: 1147. Etym: yvant. CDIAL: 10475.

semi-Tatsama.

* rkm, * r, *u r adj. like that; KS: ur ; RL: hur, hun , , ; MH: n, nti , ,

; TH: oi rkom, no , ,

. Recon. Id: 1145. Etym: raqm. Arabic.

* laka, * laka adj. like that; RP: ka ; BH: oi naxan ; BN: heka . Recon. Id: 1146. Etym: lak ; laka.

CDIAL: 10881 ; 10882. Tadbhava.

*g, *ag n. 8th month in the Hindu calendar;

KS: gn ; RL: gn ; MH: gn ; TH: gon ;

SH: n ; RP: agon ; BH: agon, aon ; BN: aon . Recon. Id: 1535. Etym: agrahyaa.

CDIAL: 88. Tadbhava.

*t adj. that many; KS: dla ; RL: tla ; MH: tla, tla , , ; TH: to ; SH: tola ; RP: toa ; BH: tola . Recon. Id: 1161. Etym: see *t 'this many'.

Tadbhava.

*lp adj. few, little; TH: lo ; SH: l ; RP: lpo, lpo-okna , ,

; BN: lp . Recon. Id: 1193. Etym: lpa small.

CDIAL: 722. Tatsama.

*(t)kina adj. that many; RL: tkina !; RP: okn, sekn " . Recon. Id: 1162.

aaaa ---- ----

*a adj. narrow (road); RL: a #; MH: a ; SH: ao ; BH: ao ; BN: ato . Recon. Id: 1320.

*a, *a adj. eight; KS: a $; RL: a $;

MH: a #; TH: a, a $ ; SH: a, a ; RP: a $ ; BH: a ; BN: a, at $ . Recon. Id: 1087. Etym: a. CDIAL: 941.

Tadbhava.

*agur n. grape; KS: gur %;

*agul *ai


RL: gur &; MH: gur #'; TH: agur, agul & ; SH: aur, agur ; RP: agur, agul & ; BH: aur ; BN: aur, aul ( . Recon. Id: 509. Etym: angur. Persian.

*agul n. finger, toe; KS: aul ; RL: agul , , &; MH: agul #'; TH: nuul ; SH: neul & ; RP: nogul ' ; BH: noul, aul, noul , , '

, , ; BN: auli ) . Recon. Id: 384. Etym: agula. CDIAL: 134.

Tadbhava.

*aa n. charcoal, coal; MH: aa *$; BH: aa $ . Recon. Id: 107. Etym: agnih. CDIAL: 65.

Tadbhava.

*ai n. ring (on finger); KS: ai $; RL: ai *$; MH: ai #$; TH: ai )$ ; SH: ai, au, agu )$, ,

; RP: ai, agu , & , ; BH: ai, aui $ ; BN: ati )$ . Recon. Id: 633. Etym: aguhya pertaining

to thumb or big toe. CDIAL: 138. Tadbhava.

*akali n. chilli; RP: akali ; BH: akali . Recon. Id: 530.

*aka n. space, the sky, the heavens; KS: akas +; RL: akas +; MH: akas ; TH: aka + ; RP: aka + ;

BN: akas + . Recon. Id: 182. Etym: k. CDIAL: 1008.

Tatsama.

*ag- post. in front, ahead, further on; KS: agu '; RL: agati, agut, agu biti , ,

), ', ',; MH: agut, aguti , ', '; TH: aot, aut , ' , ; SH: ago, agila , ) ,

; RP: agot ; BH: ak-pax-t, ag-ot -, ,

, , ; BN: ate, ae , , . Recon. Id: 1027. Etym: gra. CDIAL: 68.

Tadbhava.

*agia n. courtyard; KS: na .; RL: na .*; MH: na .; TH: na . ; SH: aina ) ; RP: agn / ; BH: ain . Recon. Id: 2184. Etym: agana. CDIAL: 118.

Tadbhava.

*aguni n. fire; KS: agin ); RL: gin ); MH: gni {Ts.} /; TH: agun ' ; SH: oun ; RP: agun ' ; BH: oun ', , . Recon. Id: 120. Etym: agn. CDIAL: 55. semi-

Tatsama.

*aara, *ara n. glowing charcoal; KS: ara ; RL: ra .*0; MH: ara #; TH: ara ; RP: ara ; BN: aar ( . Recon. Id: 111. Etym: gra, *igra.


*ai n. today;

*aa *ao


KS: a {Hn.} 1; RL: [ai, ai] , 1, 2; MH: azi 1; TH: ai 1 ; SH: azi )1 ; RP: ai 1 ; BH: ai )1 ; BN: azi )1 . Recon. Id: 1510. Etym: ady. CDIAL: 242.

Tadbhava.

*aa n. flour; KS: aa ; RL: aa ; MH: aa ; TH: aa ; SH: aa ; RP: aa ; BH: aa . Recon. Id: 540. Etym: rta. CDIAL: 1338.

Tadbhava.

*aia n. bullock, ox; TH: aria )34 ; RP: ai ar )34" . Recon. Id: 265. Etym: cf. *a-:

*aman *u


KS: alo ; MH: alok, alk {Ts.} ; TH: alo ; SH: alo ; RP: alo, ala , , ; BH: alo . Recon. Id: 211. Etym: lka. CDIAL: 1400.

Tadbhava.

*aman n. space, the sky, the heavens; KS: asman ; SH: aman + ; RP: aman ; . Recon. Id: 183. Etym: sman.< Persian.

*aia kali n. tomorrow;

SH: ai kali ) ; BH: ai kali + ) ; BN: oha kali ) . Recon. Id: 1512. Etym: see *a- 'come' and

*kali 'yesterday, tomorrow'.

*ast-ast adv. slowly, patiently; KS: ast-ast -

*ukuni *ula


TH: u ; SH: u $ ; RP: u ; BH: u ; BN: ut, ut . Recon. Id: 293. Etym: ra. CDIAL: 2387.

Tadbhava.

*ukuni n. bug, louse; KS: wokin 4); RL: kni ; MH: nukni ; TH: ukun ; SH: uxuni ; RP: ukuni ; BH: ukun, ugun . Recon. Id: 225. Etym: utkua. CDIAL: 1728.

Tadbhava.

*ua n. light; KS: ula 1; RP: ul 1" ; BH: 1 ; BN: udzzl H . Recon. Id: 209. Etym: ujjvala. CDIAL: 1670.

Tadbhava.

*uttr n. answer; MH: uttr I; SH: uttor I ; RP: ottor I ; BH: uttor I ; BN: uttr I( . Recon. Id: 711. Etym: ttara. CDIAL: 1767.

Tatsama.

*uttr n. north; KS: uttr I; RL: uttr I; MH: uttr I; TH: uttor I ; SH: uttor I ; RP: ottor I ; BH: uttor I ; BN: uttr I( . Recon. Id: 1071. Etym: ttara. CDIAL: 1767.

Tatsama.

*un, *ul n. wool; KS: un F; RL: un F; MH: un, uni , , F;

TH: ul, rul , J , ; BN: ul F . Recon. Id: 276. Etym: ?r cf. ul {Oriya}.

CDIAL: 2424. ?Tadbhava, ?English loan.

*upba, *upa n. fast (hunger-strike); KS: upas -; RL: upas -; MH: upas, upas , -,,

-; RP: up - ; BH: up -+ ; BN: upobas, upas -, . Recon. Id: 852. Tatsama, Semi-Tatsama.

*upr- post. ontop, above; KS: upr F-; RL: upr-t -; MH: upr-t -; TH: uprot - ; SH: upor - ; RP: opore, oor, oprot -, K,

- , , ; BH: upur -, - , ; BN: opr, oprt, uprt -(, -(

, . Recon. Id: 1022. Etym: uppara. CDIAL: 2330.

Tadbhava.

*ub- n. birth; SH: ubza ,1 ; BH: ubon L . Recon. Id: 1507. Etym: tpadyat arises,

originates. CDIAL: 1814. Tadbhava.

*umra, *omra pro. they (over there); KS: wora, mra , ,, ; RL: [ama, ma], [ama-la, ma-la]

, A, A; MH: ma A; TH: umra B ; SH: umura ; RP: umra, omra, tamra ,

, ; BH: umr 3 ; BN: tami-a, umi-a )(, )( ,

. Recon. Id: 2290.

*ula n. contrary, opposite, inverse, unfavourable, inauspicious;

MH: ula M;

* gua *garh


TH: ula M ; RP: ula M ; BH: ul M .

Recon. Id: 1042. Etym: ullaghin leaping over. CDIAL: 2367. Tadbhava.

---- .... ----

* gua dem. these, PROX DEM PL; KS: i-la ; RL: i-la ; MH: i-la ; TH: eila . ; SH: eila . ; RP: egl, eg .N ; BH: ei-la . ; BN: ei-gila .) . Recon. Id: 2344. Etym: kla herd, troop.

CDIAL: 3330. semi-Tatsama.

* pak- adv. this way, over here; KS: ipak -; RL: ipak, jipak -; TH: eipake, epaka, eipakaj .-, .-,

.-4 , , ; SH: ei axe .- ; RP: eipake, epake .- . Recon. Id: 1224. Etym: pak wing, feather,

fin, shoulder, side'. CDIAL: 7627. Tadbhava.

* mtn, * mn adj. like this; TH: mon . ; SH: eimtn, eimn ., .

, ; RP: mon . ; BH: ei-mton, -mun . , .

, . Recon. Id: 1144. Etym: see * mtn, mn

'like that'.?semi-Tatsama.

* rkm, * r adj. like this; KS: ir, ir, wr ; RL: ir, in , , ; MH: n, nti , .,

.; TH: no {Hindu}, ei rkom {Muslim}

., . , . Recon. Id: 1142. Etym: raqm. Arabic.

* laka, * laka adj. like this; RP: ka . ;

BH: ei naxan . ; BN: ka . . Recon. Id: 1143. Etym: lak ; laka.


*j, *ihaj pro. she, he, it (here nearby); KS: jhaj O#4; RL: j .#4; MH: ..; TH: ia 4# ; SH: ijai 44 ; RP: i .#4 ; BH: aj, ij, ijj .4, 4, 44

, , ; BN: . . Recon. Id: 2285.

*k adj. one, single, same; KS: jk .; RL: k .; MH: ek .; TH: k . ; SH: k . ; RP: k . ; BH: k . ; BN: ek, k . . Recon. Id: 1078. Etym: ka (*kka).

CDIAL: 2462. ?Tadbhava.

*k laka, *k laka adj. same, of similar kind;

RL: k laka . ; MH: klaxa, klaxati ,

.P, .P; RP: kej rk . ; BH: kei naxan . . Recon. Id: 1154. Etym: lak ; laka.


*garh adj. eleven; KS: gar .; RL: gar .; MH: gar .; TH: ar . ; SH: egaro . ;

*-, *--koa *o gua


RP: garo . ; BH: . ; BN: ar .( . Recon. Id: 1090. Etym: kdaa. CDIAL: 2485.

Tadbhava.

*-, *--koa adv. here; KS: iin, hin, hiina , $,

)$; RL: ia, [iina, jiina] ,

$, .$; MH: i, iin , $, .$; TH: eie, eie kna .$, .$ ,

; SH: eie .$ ; RP: eie, ee, ekona ., . ,

; BH: ei, eixun, eie .), .) ,

; BN: t . . Recon. Id: 1222. Etym: sthman station,

place ; ka corner, angle. CDIAL: 13760 ; 3504. Tadbhava.

*ri n. heel; KS: jri QR; RL: i .QR; MH: eri .; TH: eri .)3 . Recon. Id: 424. Etym: ai. CDIAL: 191.

Tadbhava < Dravidian.

*t adj. this many; KS: tla .; RL: tla .; MH: tla, tla , ., .; TH: to . ; SH: tola S" ; RP: toa . ; BH: tola . ; BN: toila .' ) ' .

Recon. Id: 1158. Etym: iyattak. CDIAL: 1589. Tadbhava.

*tbar n. Sunday; KS: [twar, atwar] ,; RL: twar, twar .,; MH: etwar, etwarbar .,; BH: toar ., . Recon. Id: 1515.

*ndur n. rat, harvest rat; KS: nidur )D; RL: nidur )D; MH: nindur ):; TH: nindur ): ; SH: endur .: ; RP: endur .: ; BH: endur .: ; BN: endur, indur .:( . Recon. Id: 302. Etym: undura ; indra.

CDIAL: 2095. < Austro-asiatic.

*la, *la adv. now; KS: ala ; RL: ala U; MH: ala U; TH: la, lane, laj ., ., .4

, , ; SH: la . ; RP: la . ; BH: la . ; BN: la, lao ., . , . Recon. Id: 1210. Etym: see *ba 'sun'.

la,la

*o pak- *kt, *kt


CDIAL: 3330. semi-Tatsama.

*o pak- adv. that way, over there; KS: u-pak- -; RL: hu-pak- -; TH: upaka, upake, oipakaj -, -,

-4 , , ; SH: oi paxe - ; RP: opake, oipake - ; BN: oi ale K . Recon. Id: 1228. Etym: pak wing, feather,

fin, shoulder, side'. CDIAL: 7627. Tadbhava.

*o, *uhaj pro. she, he, it (over there); KS: whaj #4; RL: wh ,.; MH: .; TH: ua 4# ; SH: uwai 44 ; RP: oi, tai #4, #4 , ; BH: ui, uwi 4, 44 , ; BN: o 4 . Recon. Id: 2286.

*o, *o n. lip; KS: wo $; RL: o $; MH: o $; TH: o, o $, $ , ; SH: o $ ; RP: o # ; BH: o, o $, $ , ; BN: tot $ . Recon. Id: 480. Etym: ha 'lip' & tua

beak, trunk, snout (*hha).

CDIAL: 2563 & 5853. Tadbhava.

*o-, *-, *o--koa, *--koa adv. there;

KS: u-in, huin , $, $; RL: oi-a, oi-ina , V,$, V,)$; MH: oi-, oi-in , $,

$; TH: oie, eie, oie kona, eie kona

$, $, $ , $ , , , ;

SH: oie $ ; RP: oe, oekona, ee , ,

, , ; BH: e-i-xun, oie ), ),

, , ; BN: ot , , . Recon. Id: 1226. Etym: sthman station,

place ; ka corner, angle. CDIAL: 13760 ; 3504. Tadbhava.

*o n. dew, mist, light condensation; KS: wos ; RL: os . Recon. Id: 146. Etym: avay. CDIAL: 855.

Tadbhava.

*oar adj. wide (road); MH: sar ; SH: oar kr- - -; BH: oar . Recon. Id: 1317. Etym: avasra moving

aside > sra {Pk.}. CDIAL: 861. Tadbhava.

k k k k ---- ----

*kin adj. difficult; KS: kin )$; RL: kin )$; MH: kin )$; TH: koin )$ ; SH: koin )$ ; BH: koin $ ; BN: kotin )$ . Recon. Id: 1406. Etym: kahin hard, stiff.

CDIAL: 2650. Tatsama.

*kor adj. hard;

MH: kor $; BH: kour $ . Recon. Id: 1413. Etym: khra. CDIAL: 2651.

Tatsama.

*ktkina, *ktkina adj. how many? (INT); RL: ktkina !; RP: ktokn " . Recon. Id: 1168.

*kt, *kt adj. how many? (INT); KS: kdla, ktla, ktla ,

*kt h a *kr-


, ; RL: ktla, ktla ; MH: ktla, ktla , ,

; TH: kto ; SH: ktola, kt , , ; RP: ktgul, ktogul, ktol '"

; BH: ktola . Recon. Id: 1167. Etym: kiyatta. CDIAL: 3167.

Tadbhava.

*kt h a n. talk; TH: kat h a W ; RP: kta ; BH: kta W ; BN: kota W . Recon. Id: 759. Etym: kath conversation,

speech. CDIAL: 2704. Tatsama.

*knk adj. some, few; RL: knk ; MH: knk ; TH: knek {Hindu} ; SH: knek ; BH: knek ; BN: knik, kanik [unexplained] ),

) , . Recon. Id: 1187. Etym: katipay several.


*kpa n. forehead; KS: kpal -; RL: kpal -; MH: kpal -; TH: kpal - ; SH: koal - ; RP: kal K ; BH: kpal - ; BN: kapal - . Recon. Id: 433. Etym: kapla (*kappla).


*kpur n. camphor; KS: kpur -%; RL: kpur -; MH: kpur -; SH: kour K ; RP: koul - ; BH: kopur - ; BN: korpur, korpul {Ts.} -%X( .

Recon. Id: 215. Etym: karpra. CDIAL: 2880. Tadbhava.

*kbi n. wrist; TH: kobi ,)1 ; RP: kobi L ; BN: kbza, kgza L . Recon. Id: 420. Etym: qaba.< Persian <

Arabic.

*km adj. little, few; KS: km- ; RL: km ; MH: km ; BH: km ; BN: km . Recon. Id: 1200. Etym: kam. Persian.

*kmr n. waist; KS: ; RL: kmr ; MH: kmr ; TH: kmor ; SH: kmr ; RP: kmor ; BH: kmor ; BN: komor ( . Recon. Id: 412. Etym: kamar.< Persian.

*km n. lotus; KS: kml ; RL: kml ; MH: kml . Recon. Id: 77. Etym: kamala. CDIAL: 2764.

Tatsama.

*kmb n. blanket, doona, quilt; KS: kmml ,; MH: kml, kmbl , ,

Y; TH: kmbol Y ; SH: kmbol, kmol Y ; RP: kombol Y ; BH: kmbli Y . Recon. Id: 654. Etym: kambal. CDIAL: 2771.

< Austro-asiatic.

*kr- v. does; KS: kr- - -; RL: kr- - -; MH: kr- - -; TH: *kr- - -;

*ki *kaa


SH: kr, kor - -; RP: kr- - -; BH: kr - -; BN: kr- (- -. Recon. Id: 1569. Etym: karti. CDIAL: 2814.

Tadbhava.

*ki n. waterpot (earthen, made of baked clay);

MH: klsi U; SH: kuli ) ; RP: koli, klo U, , ; BH: koli ; BN: kolsi ) . Recon. Id: 593. Etym: kala. CDIAL: 2920.

Tadbhava.

*kaj n. pea; TH: klaj ; RP: kalaj . Recon. Id: 504. Etym: kalya. CDIAL: 2932.

Tadbhava.

*ka, *ka n. banana; KS: kla ; RL: kl ; MH: kl ; TH: kla ; SH: kl ; RP: kla ; BH: kla ; BN: kl . Recon. Id: 500. Etym: kadala > kayala

{Pk.}. CDIAL: 2712. < Austro-asiatic.

*kia n. liver; KS: kla {Hn.} 1; RL: klina )C1; MH: klia )U14; TH: koia 1 ; SH: koza, koa 1 ; RP: ko 1" ; BN: koliza )1 . Recon. Id: 400. Etym: klyaka. CDIAL: 3103.

Tadbhava.

*km n. oath; KS: ksm ; MH: ksm , , )Z4; TH: kom + ; RP: kso . Recon. Id: 714. Etym: qasm.< Persian <

Arabic.

*kahui, *ki+kahui n. elbow; KS: knja 4; RL: konia , C4,

4; MH: kilkani )[; TH: kheni, keni nuul , )

, ; SH: kilkani ) ; RP: kolkun, korkun "

; BH: kilkni )[ ; BN: tilkani ) ) . Recon. Id: 389. Etym: kaphi > kuha

{Pk.} ; kla + kaphi. CDIAL: 2757 ;

3202/3203 + 2757. Tadbhava.

*kai n. glass; KS: k #8; TH: kai 8 ; SH: kais 8 ; RP: kas {SCB} #8 ; BH: kais 8 . Recon. Id: 621. Etym: kc. CDIAL: 3007.

Tadbhava.

*kak n. comb; KS: kako ; RL: kako #; MH: kaku, kako , , ; SH: kaxoi ; RP: kakoi, kakai , # ,

; BH: kaxoi . Recon. Id: 695. Etym: kkata. CDIAL: 2598.

Tadbhava.

*kak, *bi kak n. scorpion; RL: bis-kakr ), ; MH: bis-kakr ),?; RP: kaxa PQR ; BH: kaxa 3 . Recon. Id: 322. Etym: see *bi 'poison'.

*kaa n. thorn (generic), sting; KS: ka #; RL: kaa #; MH: ka ; TH: kaa ; SH: kaa ; RP: kaa # ;

*kad *kati


BH: kaa ; BN: kaa . Recon. Id: 48. Etym: kaa > kaka.


*kad n. shoulder; KS: ka ; RL: ka ; MH: ka ; TH: ka ; BN: kan, kant , 9 , . Recon. Id: 478. Etym: skandh > khadha

{Pk.}. CDIAL: 13627. Tadbhava.

*kaina n. river bank; RP: kain \" ; BH: kain, kana ] . Recon. Id: 158. Etym: possibly < kaha

border, edge' {Pk.} < kah. CDIAL: 2680. ?.

*kauwa n. crow; KS: kwa ,; RL: kuwa, khuwa , ^,,

%,; MH: kuha ; TH: kuwa 4 ; SH: kauwa 4 ; RP: kauw 4 ; BH: kauw 4 ; BN: kauwa _ . Recon. Id: 299. Etym: kka. CDIAL: 2993.

Tadbhava.

*kak + tli n. armpit; KS: kakti ; RL: kakli `; MH: kaxli `; TH: kakli ) ; SH: panzar -a ; RP: kak ; BH: paktani K ; BN: patkuli, pakuli K!), K

, . Recon. Id: 378. Etym: kka + cf. *tl-

'under'. CDIAL: 2588. Tadbhava.

*kaga adj. poor; KS: kal ; TH: kaal ; SH: kagal, kaal ; BN: kaal .

Recon. Id: 1359. Etym: kakla. CDIAL: 2604. Tadbhava.

*kai, *kaija n. sickle (for harvesting rice); KS: kia )84; RL: kia )84; MH: keia 8O#; TH: koia G ; SH: kasi daw )8 5 ; RP: hasuw, hais, kaiso #4,

, ; BH: kai 8 ; BN: kasi #)8 . Recon. Id: 671. Etym: karty. CDIAL: 2866.

Tadbhava.

*ka- post. near, close, beside; TH: kaot b ; RP: kase, kae 8 ; BN: kapot [k > k > p] - . Recon. Id: 1016. Etym: kka [see also

*kak- 'elbow']. CDIAL: 2588. Tadbhava.

*kaari n. knife; RP: kaair ; BN: katari ( . Recon. Id: 2376. Etym: kartari scissors,

knife. CDIAL: 2858. Tadbhava.

*kai n. stick; KS: kai ); RP: kai ) . Recon. Id: 23. Etym: kh. CDIAL: 3120.

Tadbhava.

*kauwal n. jackfruit; KS: kl c$; RL: kl $; MH: kl, kowal , $,

$d; TH: kl $ ; SH: kaol $ ; RP: kaol ; BH: kaol ; BN: katl $ . Recon. Id: 512.

*kati n. knife; RL: kati ; MH: kati ; TH: kati ) . Recon. Id: 663. Etym: karta. CDIAL: 2853.

Tadbhava.

*kad *kala


*kad n. mud, mire; KS: kado 5; RL: kad 5; MH: kad 5; TH: kada 5 ; SH: kado 5 ; RP: kado 5 ; BH: kado 5 ; BN: kad 5 . Recon. Id: 117. Etym: kardma. CDIAL: 2869.

Tadbhava.

*kan n. ear; KS: kan ; RL: kan ; MH: kan ; TH: kan ; SH: kan ; RP: kan ; BH: kan ; BN: kan . Recon. Id: 364. Etym: kra. CDIAL: 2830.

Tadbhava.

*kaa n. nostril; MH: kana ; TH: naker kana . Recon. Id: 455. Etym: k one -- eyed >

'full of holes' {Pk.}. CDIAL: 3019. Tadbava.

*kaa adj. blind; KS: kana ; RL: kana ; MH: kana ; TH: kana ; RP: kana ; BH: kana . Recon. Id: 996. Etym: k. CDIAL: 3019.

Tadbhava.

*kapa n. cotton; MH: kapas -; SH: karpa {Ts.} -X ; BH: kapa -+ ; BN: kapas - . Recon. Id: 85. Etym: karpsa. CDIAL: 2877.

Tadbhava.

*kapo, *kapa n. clothes, clothing; KS: kpra -QR; MH: kapra e;

SH: kaor, kapa, kapra -3, -3 , ;

RP: kapra, kapa -3 ; BH: kapor - ; BN: kapur, kaur -( . Recon. Id: 585. Etym: karpaa patched

garment, rag. CDIAL: 2871. Tadbhava < Austro-asiatic.

*kami harwa n. rib (of the chest); BH: kami hru J4 ; BN: kamihara )3 . Recon. Id: 487. Etym: kambi branch or

shoot of bamboo. CDIAL: 2774. Tadbhava.

*kamar n. blacksmith; MH: kumar A; TH: kamar ; SH: kamar ; RP: kamar ; BH: kamar ; BN: kamar ( . Recon. Id: 815. Etym: karmra [aspiration

unexplained]. CDIAL: 2898. Tadbhava.

*kar n. because; KS: karn f; MH: karn ; TH: karon, kahron ; SH: kan ; BH: karon ; BN: karn ( . Recon. Id: 1007. Etym: kraa 'cause'.

CDIAL: 3057. ?Tadbhava.

*kar-, *karwa n. husk (as of rice grain); KS: krwan J; RL: krwan g,; TH: kari ) ; SH: karani ) . Recon. Id: 55. Etym: kaana separating

chaff from grain in a mortar, chaff. CDIAL: 2685. 2686. Tadbhava.

*kala adj. black; KS: kal, klua , , ,; RL: kal ; MH: kal ; TH: kalo ; SH: kala ; RP: kala ; BH: kala ;

*kali *kuha, *kuha


BN: kala . Recon. Id: 1264. Etym: kla. CDIAL: 3083.


*kali n. yesterday, tomorrow; yesterday, tomorrow;

KS: kal ; RL: kali, kali- {Mth.} U; MH: kali ; TH: kail ; SH: kali ) ; RP: kalk, kail ", ,

; BH: bit kali, awa kali ), ), O4

) , ; BN: zoa kali, soa kali O_ )

. Recon. Id: 1511. Etym: klya > kalla {Pk.}.


*kahii n. story; KS: khni {Hn.} ; MH: kahini, kahani , ),

; TH: kahini ) ; BH: kahini ) ; BN: kahini )) . Recon. Id: 728. Etym: kathana. CDIAL: 2702.

Tadbhava.

*kah pro. who? (INT); KS: k ; RL: khaj #4; MH: ka .; TH: ke, kaj , 4 , ; SH: kaj 4 ; RP: kai #4 ; BH: kaj 4 ; BN: ka 4 . Recon. Id: 2295.

*kintu, *kintuk cj. but, however; RL: kintu )h; MH: kintu, kintuk , )h,

)h; TH: kintu, kintuk )h, )h ,

; SH: kintuk )h ; RP: kintuk )h ; BH: kintuk )h ; BN: kintu )h .

Recon. Id: 1002. Etym: kintu. Tatsama.

*kiu adj. some, anything; KS: kuu {Hn.} b%; RL: kiu )b; MH: kiu )b; TH: kiu )b ; SH: kesu b ; BH: kisu )b . Recon. Id: 1198. Etym: kcid. CDIAL: 3144.

Tadbhava.

*ki- v. buys; KS: kin- - )-; RL: kin- - )-; MH: kin- - )-; TH: kin- )- -; SH: kin- )), ; RP: ken-, kin- -, )- -, -; BH: ken-, kin- -, )- -, -; BN: kin- ) . Recon. Id: 1773. Etym: krti. CDIAL: 3594.

Tadbhava.

*kia n. farmer; KS: kisan ); RL: kisan ); MH: kisan, krisk , ),

i; TH: kian )? ; SH: kian )j+ ; BH: kin )+ . Recon. Id: 823. Etym: kra. CDIAL: 3447.

Tadbhava.

*ku adj. evil, wicked; RP: ku ; BH: ku . Recon. Id: 872. Etym: ku- 'pejorative prefix'

eg. kukrtya. CDIAL: 3205. Bangla loan?.

*kua n. well; KS: ku #; RL: kui >; MH: kua, kui , #, #; BH: ku 4 ; BN: kua #_ . Recon. Id: 734. Etym: kpa. CDIAL: 3400.

Tadbhava.

*kuha, *kuha adj n. cloudy, foggy, misty; KS: kuhasi #;

*kumar *kr


RL: kuhas #; MH: kuha, kuhasa , #,

#; TH: kuha ; SH: kuha # ; RP: kuw 4" ; BH: kuw, kuli 4, 4) ,

; BN: kuha . Recon. Id: 127. Etym: kuha ; kuhavara.


*kumar n. potter; KS: kumar A; RL: kumar A; MH: kumar A; TH: kumar ; SH: kumar ; RP: kumr ; BH: kumr ; BN: kumar ( . Recon. Id: 828. Etym: kumbhakra.


*kuki n. grasshopper (small); SH: kuki ) ; BH: kuki k ; BN: kukti ) . Recon. Id: 555.

*kukur n. dog; RL: kukur ; MH: kukur ; TH: kukur ; SH: kukur ; RP: kukur ; BH: kukur ; BN: kukur ( . Recon. Id: 222. Etym: kurkur. CDIAL: 3329.

Tadbhava.

*kual n. axe, hatchet; KS: kulari UQR; RL: kural X; MH: kulari U; TH: kural 3 ; SH: kual 3 ; RP: kurl QR" ; BH: kurl QR ; BN: kutar $( . Recon. Id: 684. Etym: kuhra. CDIAL: 3244.

Tadbhava.

*kutta n. dog; KS: kutta I; RL: kutta I; RP: kutt I" . Recon. Id: 223. Etym: kutta. CDIAL: 3275.

adapted Tatsama.

*kumir, *kumbir n. crocodile; TH: kumir {Tb.} ) ; RP: kumbir {Ts.} ), l ,

. Recon. Id: 255. Etym: kumbhra. CDIAL: 3317.

Tadbhava, Tatsama.

*ku n. jujube tree and its small plum-like berry;

RP: kul ; BH: kul . Recon. Id: 508. Etym: kvala the fruit of

Zizyphus jujuba. CDIAL: 3358. Tadbhava.

*kuiar n. sugarcane; KS: kusiar )4; RL: kusiar )4; MH: kusiar "; TH: kuar + ; SH: kuiar )+4 ; RP: kur +" ; BH: kuir )+4 ; BN: kusiar )+4( . Recon. Id: 547. Etym: kakra. CDIAL: 3541.

Tadbhava.

*k laka, *ki laka adj. like what, how (INT);

RP: kka " ; BH: ki naxan ) ; BN: keka . Recon. Id: 1152. Etym: lak ; laka.


*kmn adj. like what, how (INT); TH: kmon ; SH: kmn " ; RP: kmon ; BH: kmun . Recon. Id: 1153. Etym: see * mtn, mn

'like that'. semi-Tatsama.

*kr adj. like what, how (INT); KS: kr ; RL: kir, kin, kn ,

), );

*koa *kjra


MH: kn, knti , , ;

TH: kno . Recon. Id: 1151. Etym: raqm. Arabic.

*koa n. thorn, sting, spear; SH: kosa b ; RP: koa, kosa 8 ; BH: koa 8 . Recon. Id: 50. Etym: kcc- 'thrust, pierce,

dig'. CDIAL: 3489. Tadbhava.

*koptr, *kjtr n. pigeon; KS: kptr {P. -; MH: koptor {P. -; TH: koptor {P. - ; RP: kojtor, kojtol {Tb.} ; BH: kojtor {Tb.} . Recon. Id: 221. Etym: kabtar ; kapta.

CDIAL: 2753. Persian ; Tadbhava.

*koml adj. soft; MH: koml ; BH: komla . Recon. Id: 1410. Etym: kmal. CDIAL: 3523.

Tatsama.

*kojla n. charcoal, coal; KS: kojl 4; RL: kojla ; MH: kojla ; TH: kjla 4 ; SH: kjla 4 ; RP: kjla 4 ; BH: koj, kla . . Recon. Id: 106. Etym: kkila > kil

{Pk.}. CDIAL: 3484. Austro-Asiatic > MIA.

*kwn adv. where (INT); RL: kuna, kunina , ],

)]; MH: kun, kunin , ],

]; TH: kune $ ; SH: koe, kuna $, $ , ; RP: koe W ; BH: koe, kui , , ; BN: kuntaj [unexplained] $ . Recon. Id: 1230. Etym: ka punar who? ;

sthman station, place. CDIAL: 2575 ; 13760. Tadbhava.

*kwn pak- adv. which way? (INT); KS: kunpak -; RL: kunpkaj C-; TH: kunpakaj -4 ; RP: kon pak - . Recon. Id: 1233. Etym: ka punar who? ;

pak wing, feather, fin, shoulder, side'. CDIAL: 2575 ; 7627. Tadbhava.

*kwn ba adv. when (INT); RL: kun-bla ,; MH: kun-bla m; TH: kunbla , ; RP: konbla, konbla, kumbla

,, n, , , , ;

BH: konbela , ; BN: konbela, kunbela , . Recon. Id: 1214. Etym: ka punar who? &

*ba 'sun'. CDIAL: 2575. Tadbhava.

kkkk ---- ----

*kaa adj. sour; KS: ka ; RL: kaa ; MH: k ; TH: kaa . Recon. Id: 1353. Etym: khaa. CDIAL: 3777.

Tatsama?.

*ki n. firewood, fuel; RL: kri ;

TH: kori )3 ; SH: koi, kori )3 ; RP: koi, koi )3 ; BH: kori QR ; BN: kori )( . Recon. Id: 28. Etym: khaa. CDIAL: 3769.

Tadbhava.

*kjra adj. brown; RL: kjra ;

*krha *kali


MH: kjra 4. Recon. Id: 1430. Etym: khadirak.


*krha n. hare, rabbit; KS: kra ; RL: kra ; MH: kra . Recon. Id: 290. Etym: kharabhaka 'hare'.


*klipa n. tailor; SH: kolipa, koripa )- ; RP: kolp ; BH: kolp )- . Recon. Id: 834. Etym: khalfa.< Persian <

Arabic.

*k-, *kan n. threshing-floor, granary; KS: klian {Hn )4; TH: klan ; SH: kltowai o,)3 ; RP: klan ; BH: klan . Recon. Id: 610. Etym: khla threshing

floor. CDIAL: 3834. Tadbhava.

*kauda n. milk; RP: kaud , kaud 5 ; BH: kaud 5 . Recon. Id: 535.

*kaur, *kur n. date-palm; KS: kur {Hn.} 1%; RL: kur {Hn.} 1; MH: kur {Hn.} 1; TH: keur 1 ; SH: kezur 1 ; RP: kaior, keur 1, 1 ,

; BH: kaur 1 ; BN: kezur, kedur 1( . Recon. Id: 506. Etym: kharjra. CDIAL: 3828.

Tadbhava.

*ka n. bed frame; KS: ka ; SH: ka ; RP: ka ; BH: ka ; BN: kat . Recon. Id: 692. Etym: khv. CDIAL: 3781.

Tadbhava.

*ka adj. short; MH: ka ; RP: kao, kao ; BH: ka, kao ; BN: kata . Recon. Id: 1255.

*kala n. lizard (big); MH: kalas c; TH: kaa + ; RP: kaai, kaai $+ . Recon. Id: 232. Etym: see *ka 'short' &

*la 'corpse'.

*kad adj. deep (lake); KS: kad 5; RL: kadi 5. Recon. Id: 1344. Etym: kht (khtik) >

*khaddha {MIA}. CDIAL: 3862. Tadbhava.

*kapr n. spear; RP: kapor - ; BH: kapor - ; BN: kapr -( . Recon. Id: 639.

*kapri n. skull; KS: kpri -QR; RL: kppr {Hn.} Np. p; BH: kapri -QR . Recon. Id: 431. Etym: kharpara. CDIAL: 3831.

Tadbhava.

*kamar n. threshing-floor, granary; KS: kmari ; RL: A; MH: kmar . Recon. Id: 611.

*karab adj. evil, wicked; KS: krab ,; RL: krap ,; MH: karab ,; RP: karap - . Recon. Id: 870. Etym: Kharb.< Persian <

Arabic.

*kali, *kalia n. cave; SH: kai ; RP: kaij 4", #"4" , ; BH: kai + . Recon. Id: 94. Etym: khl.< Persian < Arabic.

*kali adj. empty;

*kai *koa


KS: kali ; RL: kali ; MH: kali ; TH: kali ) ; SH: kali ) ; RP: kali ) ; BH: kail + ; BN: kali . Recon. Id: 1365. Etym: khl.< Persian <

Arabic.

*kai n. castrated animal (esp. a goat); KS: kssi {Hn.} q; RP: kai + . Recon. Id: 275. Etym: kha.< Persian <

Arabic.

*kida n. hunger; TH: kida )r5 ; RP: kid )5" . Recon. Id: 568. Etym: kudh. CDIAL: 3716.

Semi-Tatsama.

*kira n. cucumber; KS: kira ; RL: kira ; MH: kira ); TH: kira ) ; SH: kira ; RP: kir ) . Recon. Id: 82. Etym: kraka. CDIAL: 3697.

Tadbhava.

*ku- v. itchy; MH: kuzla-ni 1; TH: kuzli 1) ; BN: kuzali 1) . Recon. Id: 1340. Etym: kharju. CDIAL: 3827.


*-kudi adj. some, few, little; KS: k kudi . 5; TH: uxudi )5 . Recon. Id: 1189.

*kun n. blood; KS: [kun, kon] %; RL: kun . Recon. Id: 358. Etym: n.< Persian.

*kub adv. very much, lots; KS: kob ,; MH: kob ,;

TH: kuei , ; SH: kib ), ; RP: kup - ; BH: kub, kup ,, - , . Recon. Id: 1181. Etym: khb. Persian.

*kui n. joy, happiness; KS: kusi +; RL: kusi +; MH: kusi +; SH: kui + ; BH: kui + ; BN: kusi )8 . Recon. Id: 943. Etym: khvu.< Persian.

*k n. straw (long dry grass); KS: kr ; MH: ker-i ; TH: ker ; SH: kr " ; RP: kr, k 3 ; BH: kr ; BN: ker ( . Recon. Id: 52. Etym: kha. CDIAL: 3917.

Tadbhava.

*kt n. field; KS: kt ; RL: kt ; MH: kt ; SH: kt " ; RP: kt " ; BN: ketiari ),( . Recon. Id: 686. Etym: ktra 'land'.


*kd n. sorrow, grief; MH: ked 5; RP: ked 5 ; BH: kt 5 . Recon. Id: 896. Tatsama.

*kok- n. cave, cavity; KS: ko ; BH: kokor ; BN: kokr ( . Recon. Id: 95. Etym: khkkha. CDIAL: 3927.

Tadbhava.

*koa adj. lame, crippled; RP: kora, koa ; BN: kora ( . Recon. Id: 991. Etym: khra (kha).

*konta *ghi, *ghir



*konta n. nest; KS: kota ; RL: kota ; MH: konta, kota , s,

. Recon. Id: 331.

*kol- n. skull;

MH: kolka, kuli, kola , , [, )M, M;

SH: kola, kola $ ; RP: kuli ; BN: lau-xula - -. Recon. Id: 432. Etym: khla cavity, hollow.


g g g g ---- ----

*gn, *gnd n. smell, scent; KS: gn {Tb.} ; RL: gn {Tb.} ; MH: gnd {Ts.} 9; TH: gndh o {Ts.} 9 ; RP: gndo {Ts.} 9, 94 , ,; BH: gndo {Ts.} 9 ; BN: gnd, knd {Ts.} 9 . Recon. Id: 123. Etym: gndha. CDIAL: 4131.

Tadbhava ; Tatsama.

*gp n. talk; RL: gp -; MH: g, gp K. Recon. Id: 756. Etym: gappa. CDIAL: 4022.

Tadbhava.

*gbr n. cow-dung; KS: gwr ,; RL: gwr ,; TH: gbor , ; RP: gbor , ; BH: gwor , ; BN: gobr, kowr ,( . Recon. Id: 260. Etym: grvara. CDIAL: 4316.

Tadbhava.

*grm adj. warm (weather); KS: grm ; RL: grm ; MH: grm ; TH: grom ; SH: grm, grom ; RP: grom ; BH: grom ; BN: grm, korm ( . Recon. Id: 1265. Etym: garm.< Persian.

*grib adj. poor (person without means);

RL: grib ,; MH: grib ),; TH: gorip - ; SH: gorip )- ; RP: ), ; BH: gorib ), ; BN: gorib, korib (, . Recon. Id: 1356. Etym: garb.< Persian <

Arabic.

*grd na n. neck; KS: grd n 6; RL: ga 8; MH: gadna 5; TH: gurda '5X ; SH: gd ona 6 ; RP: grdon, gddan 5X ; BN: goldn, koldn 6 . Recon. Id: 449. Etym: gardan. Persian.

*glti n. error, mistake; KS: glti o; RL: glti o; MH: glti o. Recon. Id: 1446. Etym: galat.< Persian.

*ghm n. wheat; KS: gm ; RL: ghm ; MH: ghm ; TH: ghom ; SH: gm ; RP: go ; BH: gom ; BN: gm . Recon. Id: 76. Etym: gdhma. CDIAL: 4287.

Tadbhava (but unexplained *m).

*ghi, *ghir adj. deep (lake);

*ga *gaw


KS: ghra ; RL: ghir ); MH: ghira ); BH: gohin ) ; BN: gobir, kobir {Ts.} n( . Recon. Id: 1343. Etym: gabhr (gabhr,

*gabhna) deep, solemn. CDIAL: 4024. Tadbhava.

*ga n. tree; KS: ga b; RL: ga b; MH: ga b; TH: ga b ; SH: gs b ; RP: gs, ga b, 8 , ; BH: g b ; BN: gas, gs b, 8 , . Recon. Id: 4. Etym: gaka > {Pali} gaccha.


*gar n. carrot; KS: gar 1; RL: gazr 1; MH: gazr 1; TH: gaor 1 ; SH: gazr 1 ; RP: gaor 1 ; BH: gaor 1 ; BN: gazr, kazr 1( . Recon. Id: 569. Etym: grjara. CDIAL: 4140.

Tadbhava.

*gai n. vehicle, waggon; KS: gari QR; RL: gai QR; MH: gari ; TH: gai 3 ; SH: gai )3 ; RP: gari QR ; BH: gai, gari QR ; BN: gari, kari 3 . Recon. Id: 624. Etym: ga cart.


*ganda adj. dirty; KS: gnda 5; RL: gnda :; MH: gnda :. Recon. Id: 1268. Etym: ganda.< Persian.

*gabur adj. young, youthful;

SH: gaur , ; BH: gaur, kaur , . Recon. Id: 1402. Etym: garbharpa a

youth. CDIAL: 4057. Tadbhava.

*gamla n. wide mouthed jar or pot; TH: gamla ; RP: gamla t . Recon. Id: 604.

*gaj n. cow; KS: gaj 4; RL: gaj O#; MH: gaj ; TH: gaj ; SH: gaj ; RP: gaj ; BH: gaj ; BN: gaj-oru, kaj-oru J . Recon. Id: 258. Etym: gva. CDIAL: 4147.

Tadbhava.

*gal n. cheek; KS: gal ; RL: gal ; MH: gal ; TH: gal ; SH: gal ; RP: gal, ga ; BH: gal ; BN: gal, kal . Recon. Id: 481. Etym: galla. CDIAL: 4089.


*gaa n. throat; KS: gla ; MH: gala ; SH: gala ; RP: gala ; BH: gala ; BN: gola, kola . Recon. Id: 482. Etym: gala. CDIAL: 4070.

Tadbhava.

*gaw n. body; RP: gaw ; BH: gaw . Recon. Id: 336. Etym: gtra. CDIAL: 4124.

Tadbhava.

*gaw n. village; KS: gaw #; RL: gaw #;

*gak *gua


MH: gaw #; TH: garam {Ts.} ; SH: gaw, geram {Ts.} , ,

; RP: gram {Ts.}, geram {Ts.} 0,

, ; BH: gaw, geram {Ts.} , ,

; BN: gaw, kaw # . Recon. Id: 643. Etym: grma-. Tadbhava.

*gak adj. many; BH: gak j+ ; BN: gahke, kahke . Recon. Id: 1179.

*gidu n. brain; RL: gidu )D; MH: gidu )D. Recon. Id: 436. Etym: gudda 'pith, core'.


*girgi n. gecko (small lizard); KS: girgi )); RL: girgi ). Recon. Id: 237.

*girn n. thunder (from the clouds), roar, bellow;

KS: gir- )1b; RL: grn 1X; SH: gion 1X ; RP: gon H ; BH: giron, girion ))1, )1X

, ; BN: girgironi, girgirani )(-)( -

. Recon. Id: 202. Etym: cf. grjati. CDIAL: 4046.

semi-Tatsama.

*gil- v. swallows; KS: gil- - )-; RL: gil- - )-; MH: gil- - )-; TH: gil- )- -; SH: gil- ) ; RP: gel-, gil- -, )- -, -; BH: gel-, gil- -, )- -, -; BN: gil- ) . Recon. Id: 1988. Etym: *girati (*gilati)

drips, falls. CDIAL: 4159. Tadbhava.

*gilap n. sheet (that covers a person);

SH: gia )- ; RP: gip )"- ; BH: gip, gil )K . Recon. Id: 650. Etym: gilf.< Persian <

Arabic.

*gu n. excrement, faeces; KS: gu %; RL: gu '; MH: gu '; TH: gu ' ; SH: gu ' ; RP: gu ' ; BH: gu % ; BN: gu ' . Recon. Id: 402. Etym: gtha > gha {Pk.}.


*gua n. flour; RL: guna 'u; TH: gura '3 . Recon. Id: 541. Etym: guaka. CDIAL: 4193.

?Tadbhava.

*gu n. sugar (brown); KS: gur 'QR; RL: gu 'QR; MH: gu 'QR; TH: gur '3 ; RP: gu, gur '3 ; BN: gur, kur '3 . Recon. Id: 544. Etym: gu. CDIAL: 4182.

Tadbhava.

*gunur n. snail; KS: gunur '1; RL: gunri 'C1. Recon. Id: 239.

*gupa n. cave; KS: gua 'K; RL: gua, gupa 'K; MH: gua 'K. Recon. Id: 93. Etym: gupph. CDIAL: 4204.

Tadbhava.

*gurubar n. Sunday; RL: guru-ar 'J,; BH: gurur 'J, . Recon. Id: 1517.

*gua n. areca or betelnut; MH: gua ',; TH: gua '4 ;

*guha *g-, *gila


SH: gua '4 ; RP: guw '4 ; BH: gu '4 ; BN: gua '_ . Recon. Id: 532. Etym: guvka. CDIAL: 4219.

Tadbhava.

*guha n. cave; TH: ga h a v ; BH: gu '" ; BN: guha ' . Recon. Id: 2374. Etym: gh. CDIAL: 4220.

Tadbhava.

*guhi n. crocodile; KS: gui '; MH: guhisap ' -; SH: guhi ') . Recon. Id: 256. Etym: gdh. CDIAL: 4286.

Tadbhava.

*gdra adj. dirty; TH: gdra 5 ; RP: gdra 7 ; BH: gdra 7 . Recon. Id: 1274.

*go-, *go-gula adj. all; KS: gola ; RL: go-la, golaj, go ,

c, 4; MH: gola .; TH: gela, goela ; SH: goaj-aj 44 ; BN: koaj ila, koej ila, koaj iti 4

), ) , .

Recon. Id: 1201. Etym: ga something round. CDIAL: 4271. Tadbhava.

*goa n. root (of a tree); KS: gora wR; RL: goa wR; MH: goa QR; RP: goa 3 ; BH: gora, gor 3, 3 , . Recon. Id: 42. Etym: ga 'foot, leg, knee'.


*gora adj. white; KS: gor ; RP: gora . Recon. Id: 1262. Etym: gaur. CDIAL: 4345.

Tadbhava.

*goru (halua goru) n. bullock, ox; KS: guru J; RL: goru J; MH: goru g; SH: gou, halua gou J, 4 J ,

; RP: goru, ala J, , ; BH: halu (gou, gou, goru) J, 4

J , ; BN: halua-goru x, _-x ,

- . Recon. Id: 262. Etym: grp. CDIAL: 4313.

Tadbhava.

*go n. circle; KS: gol ; RL: gol ; MH: gol ; TH: gol ; SH: gol ; RP: gol ; BH: goleja, gol 4, , . Recon. Id: 214. Etym: gla 'ball'. CDIAL: 4321.

Tadbhava.

*grhn n. eclipse (of the sun or moon); KS: grn 0; RL: grhn, grhn , 0f, X; MH: grhn, grh , 0, 0; TH: grhon, grohon 0 ; SH: gonna, grhn, grohn y,

, ; RP: gnna y ; BH: ghon ; BN: grhn, grn 0 . Recon. Id: 197. Etym: grhaa. CDIAL: 4364.

Tatsama.

gggg ---- ----

*g-, *gila n. waterpot; KS: gila V;

*gn- *glu


RL: gila V; BH: ga, kra QR . Recon. Id: 592. Etym: ghaa pot.


*gn- n. bell; KS: goni ; RL: goni ; MH: gani \; TH: guni )\ ; SH: gna \ ; RP: goni, gna \, \ , ; BH: gna, kna \ ; BN: knta, konta \ . Recon. Id: 628. Etym: gha. CDIAL: 4421.

Tadbhava.

*gr n. house; KS: gr ; RL: gr ; MH: gr ; TH: gr ; RP: gr ; BH: gr, kr ; BN: kr ( . Recon. Id: 605. Etym: ghara. CDIAL: 4428.

Tadbhava.

*gi n. cow-dung; SH: goi ) ; BH: goi, koi . Recon. Id: 261.

*ga n. grass; KS: gas ; RL: gas ; MH: gas ; TH: ga ; SH: ga ; RP: ga # ; BH: ka + ; BN: kas . Recon. Id: 51. Etym: ghs. CDIAL: 4471.

Tadbhava.

*gaa n. path; SH: gaa ; RP: gaa ; BH: gaa . Recon. Id: 575. Etym: ghaa landing place,

quay, ferry. CDIAL: 4414. Tadbhava.

*ga n. neck;

TH: gar 3 ; SH: gar 3 ; RP: gar 3 ; BH: gar . Recon. Id: 479. Etym: gh nape of neck.


*giu n. ghee (clarified butter); KS: gi ; RL: giu ); MH: giu #; TH: giu, gi ), ) , ; SH: giu ) ; RP: giu, gi ), ) , ; BH: giu ) ; BN: ki ) . Recon. Id: 558. Etym: ghrt. CDIAL: 4501.

Tadbhava.

*gin n. hate; KS: gin {Tb.} ; RL: gin {Tb.} ); MH: gin {Tb.}, grin {Ts.} ); TH: gina {Tb.} ) ; SH: gin {Tb.} ) ; RP: gin {Tb.} ) ; BH: gin {Tb.} ) ; BN: krina {Ts.}, kina, kin {Tb.} i,

) , . Recon. Id: 881.

*gur- n. whirlwind; KS: guriali )4; TH: gunni bao )y, ; SH: gurani bao , ; RP: gunni bai, gurni bai )X, ; BN: kuruni-batas J ,

. Recon. Id: 178. Etym: cf. *gur- 'turn'.

*gea n. neck; KS: grd n 6; RL: ga 8; MH: gadna 5; TH: gurda '5X ; SH: gd ona 6 ; RP: grdon, gddan 5X ; BN: goldn, koldn 6 . Recon. Id: 449. Etym: ghicca. CDIAL: 4472.

Tadbhava.

*glu n. brain; TH: gelu ;

*goa *au


RP: gilu ) ; BH: gilu ) . Recon. Id: 434. Etym: cf. *giu 'ghee'.

*goa n. horse; KS: QR; RL: gra #; MH: gra , , QR; TH: gra 3 ; SH: goa 3 ; RP: goa QR ; BH: goa, gora QR ;

BN: kora #( . Recon. Id: 257. Etym: gha > Pa. ghaka.


*goia n. crocodile; SH: gurial )4 ; RP: goril )4 ; BH: goril )4 ; BN: korial )(4 . Recon. Id: 253. Etym: ghaika 'alligator'.


---- 8888 ----

*kku, *aku n. knife; KS: kku 8{; RL: kku 8{; MH: kku, aku , 8{, 8; SH: saxu 8 ; RP: aku 8 ; BH: aku 8 . Recon. Id: 662. Etym: aki. Turkish.

*ku n. eye; KS: ouk 8^; RL: ku 8; MH: oxu 8; TH: ok 8 ; SH: oxu 8 ; RP: ouk 8 ; BH: oxu 8, 8 , ; BN: suku 8 . Recon. Id: 365. Etym: ckus. CDIAL: 4560.

Tadbhava.

*k n. lightning, thunderbolt; KS: rk 8; RP: rok 8 ; BH: rok 83 . Recon. Id: 206. Etym: caa; cf. caaka

thunderbolt {Oriya}. CDIAL: 4570. Tadbhava.

*ai n. chicken; RP: rai, ai 83 ; BH: srai 8 ; BN: sore 8( . Recon. Id: 297. Etym: caaka. CDIAL: 4571.

Tadbhava.

*ppl n. sandal; KS: ppl 8p; MH: ppl 8-; BH: ppol 8p . Recon. Id: 588. Etym: carpa flat.

CDIAL: 4696. Hindi loan.

*rb, *rbi n. fat (grease); TH: rop, orbi 8,, 8),X , ; SH: ori 8),X ; RP: rob, obbi 8,, 8)| , ; BN: sorbi 8),X . Recon. Id: 559. Etym: carb.< Persian.

*awar n. leech; TH: ra 8 ; SH: ewai, ama, amra zok 8I4,

83 1 , ; RP: sir )84" . Recon. Id: 317.

*and n. moon; KS: an , 8#5, 8#; RL: an 8#; MH: an 8; TH: an 8 ; SH: an 8# ; RP: an, ad 8, 8# , ; BH: an 8 . Recon. Id: 198. Etym: candr. CDIAL: 4661.

Tadbhava.

*au n. rice (uncooked); KS: ul 8^; RL: aul 8;

*akr *ari


MH: aul 8; TH: aul 8 ; SH: saul 8 ; RP: aul 8 ; BH: aul 8 ; BN: saul 8 . Recon. Id: 517. Etym: cmala. CDIAL: 4749.

Tadbhava.

*akr n. servant; MH: akr 8; TH: akor 8 ; RP: akor, akrani 8, 8Z ,

; BH: banda akor ,: 8 ; BN: sakr 8( . Recon. Id: 831.

*aka n. wheel; KS: kr {Hn.} 8{; RL: kkr {Hn.} 8; MH: aka 8; TH: aka 8 ; SH: saxa 8 ; RP: aka 8 ; BH: aka 8 ; BN: saka 8 . Recon. Id: 622. Etym: cakr. CDIAL: 4538.

Tadbhava.

*ai, *ii n. ant; KS: ai 8#; RL: ii )8}; TH: ai 8 . Recon. Id: 553. Etym: c. Avadhi ref. in

Hindi dict..

*adr n. sheet (that covers a person); KS: adr 85; RL: adr, adr 85; MH: adr 85; TH: ador 85 ; RP: ador, sador 85 ; BH: ador 85 . Recon. Id: 649. Etym: cdar. Persian.

*aa n. chickpea, gram; KS: na 8; MH: ana 8; RP: sana b ; BH: ana 8 . Recon. Id: 564. Etym: caa. CDIAL: 4579.

Tadbhava.

*andia adj. bald; TH: andia 8):4 ; RP: andi 8:4 . Recon. Id: 466. Etym: candraka spot like

the moon. CDIAL: 4662. Tadbhava.

*andi n. fingernail; TH: andi 8): ; RP: andi 8: . Recon. Id: 393.

*andi n. silver; KS: ani 85; RL: andi 85; RP: sandi 8#5 ; BN: sandi, sandi 8: . Recon. Id: 1443. Etym: candrik

moonlight. CDIAL: 4669. Tadbhava.

*abi n. key; KS: awi 8,; RL: awi 8,; MH: abi, ai , 8),, 8n; TH: abi 8, ; SH: abi, ai 8), ; RP: abi 8), ; BN: sabi 8), . Recon. Id: 731.

*ab-, *abuwa n. molar; KS: wwa 8^; RL: wwa 8^,; RP: abalir dat 8,) 5 . Recon. Id: 470. Etym: crvati. CDIAL: 4711.

Tadbhava.

*amia n. skin (of person); KS: mra 8QR; RL: mra 8; MH: mra 8~; TH: amra {SCB} 83 ; SH: amea, ama, am 83, 8

, ; RP: ama 8AQR ; BH: sama, ama 83 ; BN: samra 8( . Recon. Id: 462. Etym: crman. CDIAL: 4701.

Tadbhava.

*ari adj. four; KS: ar 8; RL: ar 8; MH: ar 8;

*a, *aa *ila


TH: air, ar 8, 8 , ; SH: air 8 ; RP: air 8 ; BH: air 8 ; BN: sari 8)( . Recon. Id: 1082. Etym: catvra.


*a, *aa n. thatch, roof; MH: al 8; TH: al, ala 8, 8 , ; SH: ala 8 ; BH: ala, al 8, 8 , ; BN: sal 8 . Recon. Id: 699. Etym: cla. CDIAL: 4770.

Tadbhava.

*aa n. farmer; TH: aa 8? ; RP: aa 8? . Recon. Id: 826.

*ik adj. thin (esp. human); TH: ikon )8 ; RP: ekon 8 ; BH: ikni )8 . Recon. Id: 1313. Etym: cikka slippery,

unctuous. CDIAL: 4782. Tadbhava.

*ika n. muskrat; KS: iko )8; RL: [ika, ikka] , )8, )8{; MH: ika )8; TH: ika )8 ; SH: ika, ika )8 ; RP: sik, ik )8" ; BH: ik )8 ; BN: sika )8 . Recon. Id: 304. Etym: cikka. CDIAL: 4779.

Tadbhava.

*iti n. butterfly; KS: titli ? ); RL: ii )88; MH: iti )8; TH: iti )8) ; SH: siti )8) ; RP: siti, iti )8) ; BH: iti )8 ; BN: siti )8)$ . Recon. Id: 333. Etym: citr conspicuous,

bright. CDIAL: 4803. Tadbhava.

*ini n. sugar; KS: ini 8; RL: ini )8; MH: ini )8; TH: ini )8) ; SH: ini )8) ; RP: ini )8) ; BH: ini )8) ; BN: seni 8) . Recon. Id: 543. Etym: < in 'Chinese'.

*in n. sign, print, mark; KS: in )8C; MH: in {Ts.} )8C; SH: paor sin {Tb.} )8 . Recon. Id: 416. Etym: cihna. CDIAL: 4833.

Tadbhava ; Tatsama.

*ip- v. presses; KS: ap- - 8--; RL: ap- - 8#--; MH: ip- - )8--; TH: ap de- 8- 5- -; SH: ipibar )8)-, ; RP: sip d- )b-" 5- -; BH: e?p-, ip- 8-- -; BN: sep-, sip- 8- . Recon. Id: 1827. Etym: capp (*cipp).


*irni n. comb; TH: ironi )8) ; RP: siruni, iruni )8J) . Recon. Id: 697.

*ilk- n. lightning, thunderbolt; RL: ilkiwar )8)[,; MH: ilk , )8[8, )88; TH: ilkase )8b ; SH: ilkon )8 . Recon. Id: 207. Etym: cf. cilla unctuous,

shining; cf. cilakn to be bright {Hn.}. CDIAL: 4827. Tadbhava?.

*ila n. kite (bird of prey); KS: ila 8U; RL: ila )8U; MH: ila )8U; TH: ila )8U ; SH: ia )8 ; RP: i )8 ; BH: il )8 ;

*i *pa


BN: sila )8 . Recon. Id: 327. Etym: cilli > cill {Pk.}.


*i n. thing; KS: i 81; RL: i 81; MH: i 81. Recon. Id: 762. Etym: cz. Persian.

*un n. lime; KS: un 8%; RL: un 8; MH: un 8; TH: un 8 ; SH: sun, un 8 ; RP: un 8" ; BH: un 8 ; BN: sun 8 . Recon. Id: 119. Etym: cra *pulverized.


*up n. silence, quiet; KS: up 8-; RL: up 8-; MH: up 8-; TH: up 8- ; SH: up 8- . Recon. Id: 1453. Etym: cuppa. CDIAL: 4864.

Tadbhava.

*ui n. hair; KS: ul 8%; RL: uli 8; MH: uli 8; TH: ul 8 ; SH: uli 8) ; RP: ul 8 ; BH: uli 8) ; BN: suli 8) . Recon. Id: 464. Etym: ca. CDIAL: 4883.

Tadbhava.

*ulkani adj. itchy; MH: ulkani 8[; TH: ulkani 8) ; SH: ulkani 8) ; RP: ulk, ulkni 8", 8) ,

; BH: ulkni 8[ . Recon. Id: 1341. Etym: cul 'fidget, itch'.


*ua n. well; KS: ua 8#,; MH: ua 8#; TH: ua 84 ; SH: ua 8# ; RP: u, su 84 ; BH: u 8 . Recon. Id: 737.

*uhani n. alcohol; TH: uhani 8 ; RP: oani 84 . Recon. Id: 707.

*a n. unmarried male, boy; RL: ra 8; MH: ra 8#0; SH: sera 8"3 ; RP: ra, a 83 ; BH: ra 83 ; BN: sera 8( . Recon. Id: 787. Etym: ciga young bird.


*-mula n. lizard (big); SH: taras 8" ; BH: moul 8^ l; BN: moula . Recon. Id: 234.

*ri n. unmarried female, girl; RL: ri 8; MH: ri 8#0; SH: seeri 8) ; RP: ei, eri 8)3 . Recon. Id: 788. Etym: see *ra 'boy'.

* n. penis; MH: 8; SH: 8 ; BH: 8 . Recon. Id: 350.

*pa adj. flat; RL: pa 8; MH: pa 8; TH: pa 8" ; SH: pa 8"- ; RP: pa 8" ; BH: pa 8 ; BN: spta 8 . Recon. Id: 1463. Etym: cipi (*cippia).


*pa *aa


*pa adj. wide (road); TH: pa 8" ; RP: pa 8" . Recon. Id: 1319. Etym: cipi (*cippia)

flat'. CDIAL: 4818. Tadbhava.

*hra n. features, likeness; KS: hra 8; MH: [ehera, hra] 8; TH: hra 83 ; SH: shra 8" ; RP: ehera 8 ; BH: ehara 8 . Recon. Id: 444. Etym: chra. Persian.

*oka adj. sharp (knife) with a point; KS: k 8; RL: k 8; MH: x 8; TH: xa, xo 8, 8 , ;

SH: okoka 88 ; RP: oka 8 ; BH: oka 8 ; BN: soka 8 . Recon. Id: 1295. Etym: cka pure, clean.


*oru n. buttocks; SH: oru 8J ; RP: oru 8J, 8J ; BH: oru 8J . Recon. Id: 345.

*uki n. bed frame; RL: owki, oki 8^; MH: owki 8^; SH: soxi 8) ; RP: oki 8), 8) , . Recon. Id: 690. Etym: catuka consisting of

four. CDIAL: 4629. Tadbhava.

---- bbbb ----

*j adj. six; KS: {Hn.} b; RL: {Hn.} b; MH: {Hn.} , b, b; TH: j b4 ; SH: j b4 ; RP: j b4 ; BH: j b4 ; BN: sj b4 . Recon. Id: 1085. Etym: (*ka).


*aja n. shadow, shade; KS: ja b#4; RL: aha, ia , b#, bO#; MH: ia )bO#; TH: ia )b4 ; SH: ma b ; RP: sj, sja, ja b#"4, b#"4

, ; BH: a b ; BN: soja b4 . Recon. Id: 33. Etym: chy. CDIAL: 5027.

Tadbhava?.

*ai n. ashes; SH: sai b ;

RP: ai b ; BH: ai b ; BN: sai b . Recon. Id: 109. Etym: chdi. CDIAL: 5020.

Tadbhava.

*agl n. goat; RL: agl b; MH: agl b; TH: agl b ; SH: saol, aol b ; RP: sagol, agol b ; BH: al b ; BN: sal b . Recon. Id: 271. Etym: chagal. CDIAL: 4963.

Tatsama?.

*a- n. lake (ox-bow); KS: arn bQR; BH: sara, ara b3 . Recon. Id: 142. Etym: cf. *a- 'leave'.

Tadbhava.

*aa n. deprived of, without; TH: ara b3 ; RP: saa bQR ; BH: ara bQR .

*a-, *aa *ilka


Recon. Id: 1045. Etym: see *a- 'leave'. Tadbhava.

*a-, *aa n. release, deliverance, acquittal;

MH: ral b; TH: ara b3 ; SH: aa, ara b3 ; RP: sari dwa, ai dwa bQR 54

; BH: saa bQR . Recon. Id: 957. Etym: chrdati. CDIAL: 4998.

Tadbhava.

*ata n. mushroom; KS: ta b; RL: ta b; TH: ber ata ," b ; RP: ber sata, ata , b

; BH: br sata , b . Recon. Id: 521. Etym: chattrka. CDIAL: 4975.

Tadbhava.

*ati n. chest; KS: ati b; RL: ati b; SH: ati b) ; BH: ati b . Recon. Id: 486. Etym: chtti. CDIAL: 5014.

Tadbhava.

*ad n. roof; KS: t {Hn.} b; MH: t {Hn.} b; TH: ad b5 ; RP: ad, sad b5 . Recon. Id: 698. Etym: chdman. CDIAL: 4981.

Tadbhava.

*a n. cow-dung; KS: an b; RL: an b; MH: an b; BH: san, an b . Recon. Id: 259. Etym: chkana. CDIAL: 5007.

Tadbhava.

*an n. thatched roof, covering; MH: an- - b-; SH: san b ; BH: an b . Recon. Id: 700. Etym: channa. CDIAL: 4989.

Tadbhava.

*ap n. print, reflection; KS: ap b-; RL: ap b-; MH: ap b-; TH: ap b- ; RP: ap b- ; BH: ap b- . Recon. Id: 34. Etym: chapp press, cover,

hide. CDIAL: 4994. Tadbhava.

*al n. bark of a tree; KS: al b; TH: al b ; SH: al b ; RP: sal b ; BH: al b . Recon. Id: 43. Etym: challi. CDIAL: 5005.

Tadbhava.

*al n. hide (skin of an animal); TH: al b ; SH: al, ala b, b , ; RP: al b ; BH: sal b ; BN: sal 8 . Recon. Id: 463. Etym: challi bark.


*awi n. thatched roof, covering; RL: wni b^; RP: awni b, b4 , . Recon. Id: 2377. Etym: chdana covering.


*awa n. child; KS: ua b; RL: ba ua , b,; MH: ba ua , b; TH: ua b4 ; SH: sawa b4 ; RP: sawa b4 ; BH: sawa b4 ; BN: apasawa, apaswa -8_

. Recon. Id: 792. Etym: chpa young one.


*ilka n. bark of a tree; KS: ilka )b[; RL: lka b; MH: ilka )b[.

*uri *t, *t


Recon. Id: 46. Etym: chilla. CDIAL: 5052. Tadbhava.

*uri n. knife; KS: uri b; MH: uri b; TH: uri b) ; SH: sui b) ; RP: uri b) ; BH: uri b) . Recon. Id: 664. Etym: kur razor.


*d, *nda n. nostril; KS: d b5; RL: d b5; SH: nda b: ; RP: nda, snda, da b":, b"5

, ; BH: nda b: .

Recon. Id: 457. Etym: chidr > chidda {Pk.}; cf. also *chindati cuts off,

splits; chda section, piece.

CDIAL: 5043 ; 5046 ; 5064. Tadbhava.

*o adj. little; KS: oo b; RL: b; MH: b; TH: , uu b, b , ; RP: oo b . Recon. Id: 1249. Etym: cha. CDIAL: 5071.

Tadbhava.

*orani n. key; RL: rani b; MH: rani b; RP: orani, sorani b ; BH: orani, sorani b . Recon. Id: 732.

---- 1111 ----

*g n. forest; KS: l 1; RL: gl 1; MH: gl 1#; TH: gol 1 ; SH: zl 1# ; RP: gol, oli, la 1, 1, 1

, , ; BH: ol 1 ; BN: zgl, sogl 1 . Recon. Id: 5. Etym: jgala. CDIAL: 5177.

Tadbhava.

*gi adj. forest-dwelling, wild; RL: gli 1#); MH: li 1*; SH: zoli 1& ; RP: li 1 ; BH: oli 1& ; BN: zoli, soolia 1 . Recon. Id: 1419. Etym: see *gl

'forest'. Tadbhava.

*gt n. world, universe; RL: gt 1; TH: got 1 ; RP: got 1 .

Recon. Id: 3. Etym: jgat. CDIAL: 5078. Tatsama.

* n. rust; KS: 1; TH: 1 ; SH: z 1 ; RP: a, aat, 1, 1, 1 ,

, ; BH: 1 . Recon. Id: 103. Etym: zang.< Persian.

*r n. root (of a tree); KS: r 1QR; RL: r 1#; MH: r, r-a , 1, 1; TH: r 1 . Recon. Id: 39. Etym: j. CDIAL: 5086.

Tadbhava.

*t, *t adj. as many (REL); KS: [-t-la, -t-la] 1; RL: [-t-la, -t-la] 1; MH: -t-la, -t-la , , 1,

1,; TH: to O ; SH: ztola O ;

*di *a


BH: tola 1 ; BN: ztogula O) . Recon. Id: 1164. Etym: see *t 'this many'.

*di cj. if; KS: di 1)5; RL: di, (jdi, jdi) {Hn.} , 1)5,

4)5; MH: di, ud i , 15, 16; TH: udi, odi O)5 ; SH: zudi O)5 ; RP: odi, oidkl O)5, O5" ,

; BH: odi, du O5, OD , ; BN: zodi O)5 . Recon. Id: 1009. Etym: ydi. CDIAL: 10410.

semi-Tatsama.

*ntu n. animal, creature; KS: ntu 1%; RL: ntu 1; MH: tu 1; SH: zontur 1h ; BH: ontur 1h, 1h , . Recon. Id: 216. Etym: jant. CDIAL: 5110.

Tatsama.

*nm n. birth; KS: nm 1; RL: nm 1; MH: nm, lm , 1, 1; TH: lmo 1 ; SH: znm 1 ; RP: lmo 1 ; BH: nmo 1 ; BN: znm, sorm 1 . Recon. Id: 1506. Tatsama.

*min n. land; KS: min 1; MH: min 1); TH: omi 1) ; SH: zomin 1) ; RP: omi, omin 1), 1) , ; BH: omin 1) . Recon. Id: 584. Etym: zamn.< Persian.

*r n. fever; RL: r 1; MH: r 1; TH: r ; SH: zr ; RP: r 1 ;

BH: r 1 ; BN: zr ( . Recon. Id: 980. Etym: jvara-. Tatsama.

* n. water; RL: l 1; MH: l 1; SH: zl 1 ; BH: l 1 . Recon. Id: 131. Etym: jala. CDIAL: 5155.

Tadbhava.

*-, *n n. jealousy, envy; KS: ln 1; RL: ln 1; RP: la, la . Recon. Id: 889. Etym: cf. jvalati 'to burn'.

Tadbhava.

*wan adj. young, youthful; KS: wan 1,; RL: wan 1,; MH: wan 1,; TH: uwan 14, 14 , ; RP: uwn 14" ; BN: zuwan 1_ . Recon. Id: 1401. Etym: javn.< Persian.

*wab n. answer; KS: wab 1,,; RL: wa 1,,; MH: wa, wap ,

1,K, 1,-; TH: owab 14, ; SH: zobap, zowap 1,, ; RP: wap 14, ; BH: wap 14, . Recon. Id: 712. Etym: javb.< Persian <

Arabic.

*hr n. poison; KS: hr 1; MH: hr 1. Recon. Id: 538. Etym: zahr.< Persian.

*a n. thigh; KS: a 1; RL: a 1; MH: a 1; TH: a 1 . Recon. Id: 418. Etym: jgh. CDIAL: 5082.

Tadbhava.

*a n. cold (weather);

*an *ira


KS: ar 1QR; MH: ar 1; TH: ar 1 ; SH: zar 1 ; RP: ar, a 13 ; BH: ar 1 . Recon. Id: 1267. Etym: jaa. CDIAL: 5090.

Tadbhava.

*an n. life; MH: an 1; RP: an 1 . Recon. Id: 849. Etym: jn.< Persian.

*anwar n. animal, creature; RL: nawr, anwr ,

14, 14; MH: nawr, nwar 14; RP: anwar 14 . Recon. Id: 217. Etym: jnvar.< Persian.

*a n. net, web; KS: al 1; RL: al 1; MH: al 1; TH: al 1 ; SH: zal 1 ; RP: al 1 ; BH: al 1 ; BN: zal 1 . Recon. Id: 250. Etym: jla. CDIAL: 5213.

Tadbhava.

*a n. firewood; KS: aln 1; RL: arn, rn-a , 1, 1X. Recon. Id: 29. Etym: jvlana. CDIAL: 5313.

Tadvhava.

*agah n. place; KS: g 1; MH: gh 1; TH: aga 1 ; RP: aga 1 ; BH: aa 1 ; BN: zaea, saa 14 . Recon. Id: 582. Etym: j'egh.< Persian.

*aha n. ship; KS: ha 11; RL: ha 15; MH: ha 11;

TH: aha 11 ; SH: zahat 1 ; RP: ahaz 11 ; BH: ahas 11 ; BN: zahas, sahas 11 . Recon. Id: 703. Etym: jahz.< Persian <

Arabic.

*ah pro. the one who (REL); KS: a 1; RL: haj 1#4; MH: ah 1; TH: j O#4 ; SH: zaj O4 ; RP: ai, a O#4, 1 , ; BH: aj O4 ; BN: za, sa O4 . Recon. Id: 2291.

*iu, *ib n. life; KS: iu 1; RL: ib 1,; MH: ib 1,; TH: ip 1, ; SH: zip, ziu 1, 1, , ; BH: iu )1 ; BN: ziu 1 . Recon. Id: 846. Etym: jv living.

CDIAL: 5239. Tadbhava, Tatsama.

*ini n. thing; MH: inis )1); TH: ini )1)+ ; SH: zini )1) ; RP: ini )1)+ ; BH: ini )1)+ . Recon. Id: 763. Etym: jins. Persian < Arabic.

*iba n. tongue; KS: ia 1n; RL: ia 1n; MH: iba )1n; TH: ia 1n ; SH: zia 1, ; RP: ib )1|" ; BH: ib )1, ; BN: zia, sia )1n . Recon. Id: 468. Etym: jihv. CDIAL: 5228.

Tadbhava.

*ira n. cummin plant, cummin seed; KS: ira 1;

*ui *ok


RL: ira 1; MH: ir )1; TH: ira 1 ; SH: zira 1 ; RP: ir )1 ; BH: ir )1 ; BN: zira, sira 1( . Recon. Id: 65. Etym: jraka ; zra.

CDIAL: 5234. Tadbhava ; Persian.

*ui n. fire; SH: zui 1 ; BH: ui 1 ; BN: zui 1 . Recon. Id: 121. Etym: dyuti 'brightness'.


*ukti n. rope (thick); SH: zukti 1) ; BN: zutki, sutki 1) . Recon. Id: 681. Etym: yukti. Semi-Tatsama.

*uta, *ota n. shoe; KS: uta 1; RL: uta 1; MH: ota 1; TH: uta 1 ; SH: zota 1 ; RP: ota 1 ; BH: ut 1 ; BN: zuta 1 . Recon. Id: 591. Etym: yukt joined, yoked.


*uda adj. separate; TH: uda 15 ; SH: zuda 15 ; RP: ud 15" . Recon. Id: 1486. Etym: jud. Persian.

* ba adv. when (REL); RL: ila V1,; MH: ila V1,; TH: ebla, ela, la 1,, O

, ; SH: zla O" ; RP: la, ebla O, O,

; BH: la O ; BN: zela, sela O . Recon. Id: 1217. Etym: see *ba 'sun'.

* mtn, * mn adj. like what (REL);

TH: mon O ; SH: zmn O" ; RP: mon O ; BH: ei mton, emun 1 , 1

, . Recon. Id: 1150. Etym: see * mtn, mn

'like that'. semi-Tatsama.

* r adj. like what (REL); KS: r 1; RL: ir, in , V1,

V1; MH: n, nti , 1,

1; TH: no {Hindu} O . Recon. Id: 1148. Etym: raqm. Arabic.

* laka, * laka adj. like what (REL); RP: ka O" ; BH: ei naxan 1 ; BN: zka, ska O . Recon. Id: 1149. Etym: lak ; laka.


*i, *-k- n. gecko (small lizard); RL: rka 1; MH: kalaj 1!; TH: kei 1) ; SH: zii )1)$ ; RP: ei 1) ; BH: ii )1 ; BN: zeti, seti 1$ . Recon. Id: 235. Etym: jyaih. CDIAL: 5295.

Tadbhava.

*(t)kina adj. as many (REL); RL: tkina 1!; RP: ekn O" . Recon. Id: 1165.

*ok n. leech; KS: luk {Ts.} 1; RL: k {Tb.}, luk {Ts.} ,

1#, 1; MH: luk {Ts.} 1; TH: oluk {Ts.} 1 ; SH: zok 1 ; RP: ok 1 ; BH: ok 1 ; BN: zok, sok 1 . Recon. Id: 314. Etym: jalk (*jkk).


*onak *oa


*onak n. light; RL: nak 1C; MH: nak 1C; BH: onak 1 ; BN: zonak, sonak 1 . Recon. Id: 208. Etym: jytsn 'moonlight' >

joh {Pk.}. CDIAL: 5301. Tadbhava.

*or n. power, force, strength; KS: or 1;

RL: or 1; MH: or 1; TH: or 1 ; SH: zor 1 ; RP: or 1 ; BH: or 1 ; BN: zor, sor 1( . Recon. Id: 1391. Etym: zor.< Persian.

---- 2222 ----

*k-ka adj. flashing, shining; TH: kk 22 ; SH: zg-zoxa 22 ; RP: 88 ; BH: goka, k-oka 2P2

. Recon. Id: 1276. Etym: jhakk flash, shine.


*i n. rain; RL: ri 2; SH: zori 2) ; RP: oi, ori 2)3 ; BH: ori, ori 23, 2)3 , . Recon. Id: 149. Etym: jha. CDIAL: 5329.

Tadbhava.

*ra n. stream, small river; BH: ra, ra 2 ; BN: sora 2( . Recon. Id: 163. Etym: jhara 'waterfall'.


*a, *a bai n. forest; KS: ar 1; MH: arbari 2,; TH: ar 23 ; SH: zar 23 ; RP: arbai, a bai 13,3 . Recon. Id: 6. Etym: jha > jha {Pk.}.


*it n. silence, quiet; RL: it-mar- )2; SH: zit )2 ; BH: it )2 . Recon. Id: 1454. Etym: jit. Austro-asiatic

(Kakati 1962: 37).

*u n adj. lie (untruth); KS: u 2%$; MH: u 2$. Recon. Id: 721. Etym: jhha. CDIAL: 5407.

Tadbhava.

*ua n adj. false, incorrect, untrue; KS: ua 2$; RL: ua 2$; MH: ua 2$. Recon. Id: 1449. Etym: see *u 'lie'.

Tadbhava.

*uri n. basket; TH: uri 2 ; RP: uri 2) . Recon. Id: 738.

*ul- v. hangs, swings; KS: ul- - 2-; RL: ul- - 2-; MH: ul-, ula- -, - 2-, 2-; TH: ula- 2- -; SH: zul- 2), ; RP: ol-, ul- 2-, 2- -, -; BH: ol-, ul- 2-, 2- -, -; BN: sul- 2 . Recon. Id: 1884. Etym: *jhulyati.


*oa n. basket; MH: la 2; RP: ola 2 . Recon. Id: 2378. Etym: jhla bag.


*a *ok-


---- ----

*a adj. deaf; SH: oa ; RP: a + ; BH: a + . Recon. Id: 987.

*ar n. cockroach; RL: ar #; MH: ar . Recon. Id: 318.

*akua, *ak- adj. bald; KS: ukmuria $%)4; MH: kokia $$)4; RP: akuw 4 ; BH: akuw 4 . Recon. Id: 465. Etym: akka (*hakka)

bald. CDIAL: 5422. Tadbhava.

*aka adj. fresh; RL: ka ; TH: aka ; RP: aka ; BN: tatka . Recon. Id: 1306.

*ai n. wall (bamboo); KS: ai ; RL: ai ; MH: ai ; TH: ai ; RP: ai, ai . Recon. Id: 617. Etym: traa > a (Prakrit)

(cf. also thaha). CDIAL: 5990 (cf. also 6089), Tadbhava.

*ap n. footprint; KS: ap -; RL: ap -. Recon. Id: 415. Etym: happ. CDIAL: 5495.

Tadbhava.

*ikiki n. gecko (small lizard); KS: ikiki )); RL: ikikia ))k"; MH: ikiki )$)$; TH: ikiki, ikiki ))) . Recon. Id: 236. Etym: (connected to) hakk

clatter [Onom.]. CDIAL: 5487. Tadbhava.

*ip- v. presses; MH: ip- - )--; SH: ip- )- ; RP: ep-, ip- --, )-- -, -; BH: ep-, ip- --, )-- -, -. Recon. Id: 1826. Etym: ipp squeeze, nip.


*ina, *ina n. leech; KS: ina ); RL: ina ); MH: ina ); TH: ina oluk )8 1 ; SH: ina )1 ; RP: sin )8 1 ; BH: in ok )8 1 . Recon. Id: 315.

*ui n. throat; RL: u-i ; TH: ui ; RP: ui ; BH: ui . Recon. Id: 451. Etym: a hollow stick,

tube, hole. CDIAL: 5479. Tadbhava.

*a adj. sour; SH: a & ; RP: & ; BH: a ; BN: ta . Recon. Id: 1354. Etym: tigm sharp,

pungent, hot'. CDIAL: 5808. Tadbhava.

*r- adj. crooked (not straight), twisted, bent; KS: ra wR; MH: ra ; BH: ei )QR . Recon. Id: 1331. Etym: raka squinting.


*ok- n. basket; KS: okori ; MH: okri ; BN: tukuli . Recon. Id: 739. Etym: kka. CDIAL: 5477.

Tadbhava.

*ai *a


---- $$$$ ----

*ai n. place; RL: ai, aw , $#, $#; MH: ai $; SH: ai $# . Recon. Id: 580. Etym: sthman or sthya

station'. CDIAL: 13760 ; 13762. Tadbhava.

*ana adj. cold (weather); KS: na $; RL: na $; MH: ana $u; TH: ana $u ; SH: ana $u ; RP: ana $u ; BH: ana $u ; BN: tanda $s . Recon. Id: 1266. Etym: stabdha stiff,

paralysed, dull. CDIAL: 13676. Tadbhava.

*ai n. branch; KS: al $; RL: al, al-i , $, $; MH: ali $; SH: al, ai $ ; RP: l $" ;

BH: ai $ . Recon. Id: 12. Etym: hla. CDIAL: 5546.

Tadbhava.

*ik adj. right (correct); KS: ik $; RL: ik $; MH: ik )$; TH: ik )$ ; SH: ik $ ; RP: ik $ ; BH: ik $ ; BN: tik $ . Recon. Id: 1444. Etym: hkka firm, right.


* n. leg; KS: $; RL: , -a , $, $; MH: $; SH: , a $", $ , ; RP: , a $", $ , ; BH: , a $, $ , ; BN: te $ . Recon. Id: 409. Etym: aka. CDIAL: 5428.

---- QQQQ ----

*gr n. path; RL: gr Q; MH: gr Q. Recon. Id: 573. Etym: ag (*ig) step,

pace. CDIAL: 5523. Tadbhava.

*ag n. stick; KS: a Q; RL: bd ,5 ; BH: a, ani Q, Qu , ; BN: da Q . Recon. Id: 22. Etym: akka. CDIAL: 5520.

Tadbhava.

*agr adj. long, tall; BH: aor Q ; BN: dar Q( . Recon. Id: 1253. Etym: agga defective >

*aga > cf. ga one who is reduced to a skeleton {Oriya}. CDIAL: 5524. Tadbhava.

*a adj. strong, able; RP: a Q ; BH: a Q . Recon. Id: 1388.

*a, *ai n. branch; TH: al, ail Q, Q , ; SH: al Q ; RP: al Q ; BN: dani, tani 5) . Recon. Id: 13. Etym: la. CDIAL: 5546.

Tadbhava.

*a n. fly, gadfly;

*ahi *ila


SH: a Q ; RP: a Q#+ ; BH: a Q+ ; BN: das, tas 5 . Recon. Id: 308. Etym: daa stinging

insect. CDIAL: 6110. Tadbhava.

*ahi adj. right (hand); KS: dhina {Hn.} 5); RL: dhina, dahina {Hn.} 5); MH: daja, dahina {Hn.} ,

5#4, 5); TH: ahin Q) ; SH: ain Q ; RP: ain Q ; BH: ain Q ; BN: dain, tain 5 . Recon. Id: 1288. Etym: dkia. CDIAL: 6251.

Tadbhava.

*imma n. egg; KS: imma )Q; RL: imma )Q; MH: imma )Q; TH: ima )Q ; SH: ima )Q ; RP: ima )Q ; BH: im )Q ; BN: dima, tia )Q .

Recon. Id: 513. Etym: imba. CDIAL: 5550. Tadbhava.

*a n. wing; KS: na Q; RL: na Q; MH: n Qu; SH: ena Q ; RP: na Q" ; BH: na Q ; BN: dena, tena Q . Recon. Id: 244. Etym: ayana. CDIAL: 5535.

Tadbhava.

*oi n. rope (thick); MH: moi or # Q; TH: ori, moior Q), Q , ; SH: oi Q) ; RP: ori QQR ; BH: oi Q3 ; BN: dori, tori 5)( . Recon. Id: 678. Etym: davara. CDIAL: 6225.

Tadbhava.

*o n. bucket; KS: ol Q; RL: ol Q. Recon. Id: 745.

---- wwww ----

*ak n. drum; RP: ak w ; BH: ak w . Recon. Id: 627.

*aki n. basket; KS: ki w#; RL: aki w; MH: aki w); SH: axi w) . Recon. Id: 743. Etym: hakk cover.


*aa adj. long, tall; TH: araga {Hindu} w& ; SH: aa, aga w ; RP: aga w ; BH: aa, aa w . Recon. Id: 1251. Etym: agga defective >

hakhara branch without leaves or fruit {Pk.}; cf. dhga unmarried youth {Oriya}. CDIAL: 5524. Tadbhava.

*il n. louse; KS: il )w; TH: ila )w ; RP: la w . Recon. Id: 226. Etym: ala (6. *hilla).


*ila adj. loose; KS: ila w; RL: ila 6; MH: ila )w; TH: il, ila )w, )w , ; SH: ila, ila )w ; RP: il )w" ;

*uk- *tara


BH: il )w ; BN: tila )w . Recon. Id: 1422. Etym: hila. CDIAL: 5590.

Tadbhava.

*uk- v. enters; KS: uk- - w%-; RL: uk- - w-; MH: uk- - w-; TH: uk- w- -; RP: ok- w- -. Recon. Id: 1590. Etym: *hukyati

approaches. CDIAL: 5592. Tadbhava.

*ua n. blanket, doona, quilt; RL: d ussa {Hn.} 6q; SH: ua w ; RP: u w)+4 ; BH: u w+, w+ , . Recon. Id: 655. Etym: dr (*dhra)

[retroflection unexplained]. CDIAL: 6502. Tadbhava.

*na n. unmarried male; MH: na w; SH: na w . Recon. Id: 790.

*ol n. drum; KS: ol w; RL: ol w; MH: ol w; TH: ol w ; SH: ol w ; RP: ol w ; BH: ol, ol w ; BN: tol w . Recon. Id: 625. Etym: hla. CDIAL: 5608.

Tadbhava.

t t t t ---- ----

*tk post. until; KS: tk ; RL: tk ; MH: p-tk 1-; SH: tk ; BH: tk . Recon. Id: 1058. Etym: tvatka. CDIAL: 5805.

Tadbhava.

*t- post. under, below; RL: tlt ; MH: tlt ; TH: tlot ; RP: tlot ; BH: tlot ; BN: tlt, tolt . Recon. Id: 1023. Etym: tala. CDIAL: 5731.

Tadbhava.

*taa adj. fresh; KS: taa 1; RL: taza 1; MH: taza 1; SH: taza 1 ; RP: taza 1 ; BH: taza 1 . Recon. Id: 1305. Etym: tza. Persian.

*tan post. for; KS: tan ; RL: tan ; MH: tan ; TH: tahane . Recon. Id: 1068.

*taman adj. all; SH: taman ; RP: tamangul '" ; BH: tamanlae C4 . Recon. Id: 1203. Etym: tamm 'complete'.

Arabic.

*tamma n. copper; KS: tmma ; RL: tama , , ; MH: tama ; TH: tama ; SH: tamma ; RP: tamma , ; BH: tama ; BN: tama . Recon. Id: 100. Etym: tmr. CDIAL: 5779.

Tadbhava.

*tara n. star;

*tara-tari *tui


KS: tara ; RL: taro {Np.} ; MH: tara ; TH: tara ; SH: taa ; RP: tara ; BH: tara, tara-goni , ) ,

; BN: tara, tarai, tarai (, () ,

. Recon. Id: 185. Etym: tr. CDIAL: 5798.

Tadbhava.

*tara-tari adv. quick, swift; TH: taratari 3)3 ; BN: taratari ()( . Recon. Id: 1376. Etym: tars. CDIAL: 5708.

Tadbhava.

*taa, *tau n. palm (of hand); KS: tlwa, tlwa ; MH: tala ; TH: talu ; SH: tala ; RP: tala ; BH: tala, talu , , ; BN: tala . Recon. Id: 382. Etym: ta. CDIAL: 5748.

Tadbhava.

*tau n. palate; KS: talu %; RL: tal-ka [; MH: talka [; TH: talu ; SH: brm talu, borm talu ,

; RP: talu ; BH: talu ; BN: talu . Recon. Id: 446. Etym: tlu. CDIAL: 5803.

*ta-, *taa n. sole (of the foot); KS: tlua ,; RL: tluka, talka , , [; MH: tala ; TH: tala ; SH: tala ; RP: tala . Recon. Id: 413. Etym: cf. *tala 'palm of the

hand'.

*tita adj. bitter; KS: tit ; MH: tit ); TH: tito ) ; SH: tita ) ; RP: tit )" ; BH: tit ) ; BN: tita ) . Recon. Id: 1352. Etym: tikt. CDIAL: 5806.

Tadbhava.

*tin adj. three; KS: tin ; RL: tin ; MH: tin ; TH: tin ) ; SH: tin ) ; RP: tin ) ; BH: tin ) ; BN: tin, tini ) . Recon. Id: 1081. Etym: trya. CDIAL: 5994.

Tadbhava.

*tir n. river bank; TH: tir ) ; RP: tir ) . Recon. Id: 161. Etym: tra. CDIAL: 5842.

Tadbhava.

*tiri n. married woman, wife; KS: tirmat ); RL: tirmati ); SH: tiri )) ; BH: tiri )) ; BN: tiri ))( . Recon. Id: 785. Etym: str. CDIAL: 13734.

Tadbhava.

*tir n. arrow; KS: tir ; RL: tir ; MH: tir ; TH: tir ; SH: tir ) ; RP: tir ) ; BH: tir ) ; BN: tir ( . Recon. Id: 635. Etym: tr. Persian.

*tui pro. you (singular); KS: tui #; RL: tui >;

*tupan *tlmus


MH: tui ; TH: tui ; SH: tui ; RP: tui # ; BH: tui # ; BN: t 4 . Recon. Id: 2284.

*tupan n. storm; KS: tuan K; MH: tuan K; RP: tun, tun K" . Recon. Id: 171. Etym: tfn. Persian.

*turi n. mustard plant or seed; KS: turi , QR, QR; RL: turi ; MH: turi ; TH: turi ) . Recon. Id: 66. Etym: trik. CDIAL: 6080.

Tadbhava.

*tua n. cotton; TH: tula ; RP: tu " ; BH: tu . Recon. Id: 86. Etym: tla. CDIAL: 5904.

Tadbhava.

*tu n. husk (as of rice grain); TH: tu ? ; SH: tui ) ; RP: tu ? ; BH: tu ? ; BN: tus ? . Recon. Id: 56. Etym: ta. CDIAL: 5892.

Tadbhava.

*t adj. loud; RL: tjz 1; BN: ts 1 . Recon. Id: 1461.

*ttli n. tamarind; KS: ttli ; RL: ttli ; MH: titli, ttli ; TH: tetul ; SH: titili )) ; RP: tetol, ttl, tetul , ,

; BH: tetli, tetili ) ; BN: titili )) .

Recon. Id: 70. Etym: tinti. CDIAL: 5813. Tadbhava.

*trh adj. thirteen; KS: tr ; RL: tr ; MH: ter ; TH: tr ; SH: tro ; RP: tro ; BH: tro ; BN: te, ter (' '. Recon. Id: 1093. Etym: trydaa

(*traydaa). CDIAL: 6001. Tadbhava.

*t n. oil (vegetable, for eating); KS: tl ; RL: tel ; MH: tel ; TH: tel ; SH: tl " ; RP: tl ; BH: tl " ; BN: tel . Recon. Id: 557. Etym: tail. CDIAL: 5958.

Tadbhava.

*tl- n. cockroach; KS: tl-pia )-4; TH: tlpoka, tlpia )-4, -

, ; SH: teluapoxa, teluaoxa 4-

; RP: telk " ; BH: telupoka, teluaoa -

. Recon. Id: 319. Etym: cf. *tl 'oil'.

*tomra pro. you (plural); KS: tumra ; RL: tma, tma, tma-la ,

A, A; MH: tma A; TH: tumra B ; SH: tomora, tomra ; RP: tomra, tumra ; BH: tomra ; BN: tumi, tumia ), )( , . Recon. Id: 2288.

*tlmus n. papaya; MH: telmus ;

*t h k *dri


SH: telmus 8 ; BH: tolmu .

Recon. Id: 501.

t t t t h ---- WWWW ----

*t h k adj. few, little; KS: t h ork W; RL: t h ork W. Recon. Id: 1195. Etym: stk drop.


*t h n. female breast; MH: t h n W; TH: t h on W ; BN: stn {Tb.}, tn

*d *dami


TH: doi 5)H ; BH: dori 51X ; BN: dorzi 51X . Recon. Id: 833.

*d adj. ten; KS: ds 5; RL: ds 5+; MH: ds 5+; TH: d 5+ ; SH: d 5 ; RP: d 5+ ; BH: d 5+ ; BN: ds, ts 5, 5 , . Recon. Id: 1089. Etym: da. CDIAL: 6227.

Tadbhava.

*dh adj. deep (lake); SH: dh, dho 5 ; RP: do 5 ; BN: doha, toha 5 . Recon. Id: 1346. Etym: draha deep lake

[etat of hrad]. CDIAL: 6627. Tadbhava.

*dhi n. curds; KS: di 5; RL: dhi 5; MH: dhi 5; TH: dohi 5) ; SH: doi 5 ; RP: doi 5 ; BH: doi 5, 5 , ; BN: doi V5 . Recon. Id: 563. Etym: ddhi. CDIAL: 6146.

Tadbhava.

*dat n. tooth; KS: dat 5#; RL: dat 5#; MH: dat 5#; TH: dat 5 ; SH: dat 5 ; RP: dat 5 ; BH: dat 5 ; BN: dat 5# . Recon. Id: 469. Etym: dnta. CDIAL: 6152.

Tadbhava.

*dag n. print, reflection; TH: dag 5 ; RP: dag 5 .

Recon. Id: 36. Etym: dg\.< Persian.

*dai n. beard; KS: dari 5wR; RL: dai 5wR; MH: dari 5; TH: da 5 ; SH: dai 5)3 ; RP: dari, dai 5QR ; BH: dai 5QR ; BN: dari, tari 5) . Recon. Id: 494. Etym: dra. CDIAL: 6250.

Tadbhava.

*dana n. grain (as of rice); KS: dana 5; RL: dana 5; MH: dana 5; TH: dana 5 ; SH: dana 5 ; RP: dana 5 ; BH: dana 5 . Recon. Id: 62. Etym: dna. Persian.

*dapna n. arm (upper); RP: dapna 5 ; BH: dana 5K ; BN: daana, taana 5K . Recon. Id: 376.

*dam n. price, value; KS: dam 5; RL: dam 5; MH: dam 5; TH: dam 5 ; RP: dam 5 ; BH: dam 5 . Recon. Id: 749. Etym: dramma. CDIAL: 6622.

Tadbhava.

*damal n. road; RL: [damal, dmal] , 5,

5; MH: damal 5. Recon. Id: 572.

*dami adj. expensive; SH: dami 5 ; RP: dami 5) ; BH: dami 5 ; BN: dami, dai 5 . Recon. Id: 1259.

*damura *duwar


*damura n. bullock, ox; SH: damra 5 ; BH: dama, damra 5 ; BN: damuri, tamuri 5)( x . Recon. Id: 263. Etym: damya. CDIAL: 6184.

Tadbhava.

*daru n. alcohol; KS: daru 5g; RL: daru 5J; MH: daru 5J. Recon. Id: 705. Etym: dr. Persian.

*di n. day (not night); KS: din )5; RL: din )5; MH: din )5; TH: din )5 ; SH: din )5 ; RP: din )5 ; BH: din )5 ; BN: din )5 . Recon. Id: 1494. Etym: dina. CDIAL: 6328.

Tadbhava.

*dimag n. brain; KS: dimag )5; RL: dimag )5; MH: dimag )5. Recon. Id: 437. Etym: dimg\.< Persian <

Arabic.

*dil n. heart; KS: dil )5; MH: dil )5; RP: dil, del )5, 5 , . Recon. Id: 397. Etym: dil.< Persian.

*dui adj. two; KS: dui D>; RL: dui D>; MH: dui D; TH: dui D ; SH: dui D ; RP: dui D ; BH: dui D ; BN: dui, tui D . Recon. Id: 1080. Etym: dva. CDIAL: 6648.

Tadbhava.

*dud n. milk; KS: duhni D; RL: dud D6;

MH: dud D6; TH: dut, dud D6 ; SH: dut D5 ; RP: dud D6 ; BH: dut D6 ; BN: dut D6 . Recon. Id: 534. Etym: dugdh. CDIAL: 6391.

Tadbhava.

*dun n. storm; KS: dun D; RL: dun D; MH: D; TH: dun D ; SH: dun D . Recon. Id: 172. Etym: ?dr. CDIAL: 6644.

Tadbhava?.

*dunia n. world, universe; KS: dunia D)4; RL: dunia D)4; MH: dunia D)4; TH: dunia D)4 ; SH: dunia D)4 ; RP: duni D)4 ; BH: duni D)4 . Recon. Id: 1. Etym: dunya.< Persian < Arabic.

*duni n. milk; RL: duni DC; MH: duni DC. Recon. Id: 536. Etym: dhana 'milking,

milk-pail' > *dohna + -i. CDIAL: 6593. Tadbhava.

*dur adj. far; KS: dur 5%; RL: dur D; MH: durt D; TH: durot D ; SH: dur D ; RP: dur D ; BH: dur D ; BN: durai, turai, durait D(, D( ,

. Recon. Id: 1020. Etym: dr. CDIAL: 6495.

Tadbhava.

*duwar n. door; KS: duar ; MH: duar ; SH: duor D4 ;

*dri *dh uwa


RP: dur D4 ; BH: duor D ; BN: duar D_( . Recon. Id: 613. Etym: duvra. CDIAL: 6459.

Tadbhava.

*dri n. delay, lateness, lapse of time; KS: dri 5; RL: dri 5; MH: deri 5; TH: deri 5) ; SH: deri 5) ; RP: deri 5 ; BH: deri 5QR ; BN: deri 5)( . Recon. Id: 941.

*dobar n. Sunday; TH: doar 5, ; SH: dowar 5, ; BH: dowar 5, ; BN: dowar, towar 5,( . Recon. Id: 1518.

*dwa n. space, the sky, the heavens; RP: dwa 54 ; BH: dwa 54 . Recon. Id: 184. Etym: div 'sky' or dv

'heavenly'. CDIAL: 6331 or 6523. Tadbhava.

*dwal n. wall (brick); KS: dial )5,; RL: diwal )5,; MH: dial )5,; TH: dwal, dal 54, 54 ,

; SH: ad doal b5 54 ; RP: dal, dwal 54 ; BH: dwal 54 . Recon. Id: 616. Etym: dvr.< Persian.

*dha n. body; KS: da 5; RL: dha 5; MH: dha 5; SH: deha 5 ; RP: deho, deha 5, 5 , ; BH: deha 5 ; BN: deha, teha 5 . Recon. Id: 335. Etym: dha. CDIAL: 6557.

Tadbhava.

*dokan n. shop, store;

KS: dukan {Hn.} D; RL: dkan 5; MH: dkan 5; TH: dkan 5 ; SH: doxan 5 ; RP: dokan 5 ; BH: dokan 5 ; BN: dokan, tokan 5 . Recon. Id: 607. Etym: dkn.< Persian <

Arabic.

*do n. fault, defect; RL: dos 5?; MH: dos 5?; TH: do 5? ; SH: do 5? ; RP: do 5? ; BH: dos 5? ; BN: dos 5? . Recon. Id: 873.

*dh atu n. metal; KS: d atu 6; RL: d atu 6; MH: d atu 6; SH: d atu 6 ; RP: d atu 6 ; BH: t atu 6 ; BN: tatu 6 . Recon. Id: 101. Etym: dhtu. CDIAL: 6773.

Tatsama.

*dh a n. grain (as of rice); RL: d an 6; MH: d an 6; BN: bidan, pid an ),6 . Recon. Id: 63. Etym: dhn. CDIAL: 6777.

Tadbhava.

*dh uwa n. smoke, vapour, gas; KS: d uwa 6; RL: d uwa 6,#; MH: d uwa 6; TH: d uwa 6#4 ; SH: d owa 64 ; RP: d um, d uw 6", 6#4" , ; BH: d um, d u 6 ; BN: tua 6 . Recon. Id: 122. Etym: dhm. CDIAL: 6849.

Tadbhava?.

*d ra *d ua


dddd ---- 6666 ----

*d ra n. rat-like creature that lives in trees, has a long tail;

KS: d rja 6)4; MH: d rja, d urja 6)4; TH: d aria, d rea 6)4, 6)4 ,

; SH: d rea 64 ; RP: d rea, d ea 634 ; BH: d rea 64 ; BN: dal-holia, tal-holia Q-?4 -

. Recon. Id: 305.

*d i adj. rich (person with means); KS: d ni 6; RL: d ni 6; MH: d ni 6; SH: d oni 6 ; RP: d oni 6) ; BH: d oni, t oni 6 ; BN: toni 6) . Recon. Id: 1362. Etym: dhann. CDIAL: 6722.

Tadbhava.

*d akr n. bullock, ox; KS: d akr 6QR; RL: d akr 6#; MH: d akr 6. Recon. Id:

Documents

Ap Proto-KRNB Comp Dict - Open Research: Open … Proto-Kamta wordlist Appendix A.Comparative KRNB wordlists: Proto-Kamta and reflexes in eight descendent lects Contents Proto-Kamta