Arnold Arnez 05 – 26 – 15 AP Gov’t Pd #5 HW #122 P. 469-75 1. Explain the following regarding US v. Virginia (1996): Main Facts, Court Decision, Reasoning, and Impact 2. Define Terms 1. US v. Virginia (1996) In the case of United States v. Virginia (1996) the Supreme Court struck down the VMI’s male only admissions policy, which had the adjacent affect on a case brought up by the justice department concerning prohibition on admitting women to VMI. This previous case concerned a female high school student who had been barred from VMI due to her gender. The decision of the court would be a 7-1 decision in favor of the United States, since Virginia had “fallen far short of establishing the ‘excessively persuasive justification’ that must be the solid base for any gender based classification” according to Justice Ginsburg, speaking for the majority decision of the court. Justice Ginsburg continued on, saying that in the case of gender discrimination, must be placed under “skeptical scrutiny,” rather than the “strict scrutiny” criteria with regards to racial discrimination, as to have the institution in question demonstrate an “exceedingly persuasive justification” that does not rely on “overboard generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of males and females.” This would impact beyond the issue of VMI gender criteria, affecting the ability for a defense on single-sex educational institutions due to many of these institutions violating the equal protection clause. The violation of the equal protection clause is based on the exclusion of women from single-sex educational institutions, such as was overturned by South Carolina’s Citadel in its ending of a criterion of male members only, and by not providing another equal institution for women which effectively removes women from all aspects of the institution. In essence, the court decision in United States v.

AP GOVT HW 122

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Arnold Arnez05 26 15AP Govt Pd #5HW #122

P. 469-751. Explain the following regarding US v. Virginia (1996): Main Facts, Court Decision, Reasoning, and Impact2. Define Terms

1. US v. Virginia (1996)In the case of United States v. Virginia (1996) the Supreme Court struck down the VMIs male only admissions policy, which had the adjacent affect on a case brought up by the justice department concerning prohibition on admitting women to VMI. This previous case concerned a female high school student who had been barred from VMI due to her gender.The decision of the court would be a 7-1 decision in favor of the United States, since Virginia had fallen far short of establishing the excessively persuasive justification that must be the solid base for any gender based classification according to Justice Ginsburg, speaking for the majority decision of the court. Justice Ginsburg continued on, saying that in the case of gender discrimination, must be placed under skeptical scrutiny, rather than the strict scrutiny criteria with regards to racial discrimination, as to have the institution in question demonstrate an exceedingly persuasive justification that does not rely on overboard generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of males and females.This would impact beyond the issue of VMI gender criteria, affecting the ability for a defense on single-sex educational institutions due to many of these institutions violating the equal protection clause. The violation of the equal protection clause is based on the exclusion of women from single-sex educational institutions, such as was overturned by South Carolinas Citadel in its ending of a criterion of male members only, and by not providing another equal institution for women which effectively removes women from all aspects of the institution. In essence, the court decision in United States v. Virginia, would as Justice Scalia put it, single-sex public education functionally dead.

2. Define TermsEqual Rights Amendment Failed attempt to amend the constitution to guarantee equal rights for women

Gender Based classifications Laws that discriminate on the basis of gender

Gender Equity The idea that women should receive equal benefits conferred by government

Gender Neutral Term for a law or practice that applies equally to males and females that is, one that is nondiscriminatory.

Sexual Harassment Offensive interactions of a sexual nature in the workplace