AP European

Age of Anxiety

• Cultural relativism - that the validity of a society's values depend upon its political and eocnomic context - was encouraged in the 20th century by the theories of Herbert SpencerAlbert EinsteinSigmund FreudThomas HuxleyIsaac Newton

• In January of 1933, Adolf Hitler assumed the post of Reichschancellor after he overthrew the Weimar Republicby means of the Munic Beer hall Putschafter the death of Paul Hindenburg, president of the republicby seizing control of the government through a military coupafter his party received a plurality of votes in the democratic elecctions

• which of the following best characterizes the Soviet economy from 1928 to 1938? the development of a class of commercial farmers and wealth merchantsrapidly declining levels of productivity due to the Great Purgesforeign aid leading to increasing levels of trade with Western Europecontinuation of the New Economic Policy and more consumer goodscentralization involving rapid industrialization and communal agricultu

• France and Germany faced which similar domestic issue in the 1920s and 1930s? Poor recovery from the warLarge numbers of expatriate Americans in the capital cities creating their own subculture

Lack of competent leadershipThe election of Popular Front governmentsAttempts by fascist movements to take power

• The main concern of Bauhaus design was use of ornamentationbeauty of lineimplementation of the unusualbold, bright colorfunctionalism

• Atonal or twelve-tone music was often hard to listen to because it lacked a dominant key to organize the musical noteswas not sung but only spokenwas randomized so much that a listener could never hear the same piece twiceused new instruments unfamiliar to most concertgoers.was played usually without a conductor, as musicians rejeccted the traditional hierarchy

• Which of the following did NOT contribute to Mussolini's rise to power" support of strong wealthy landowners and industrialistsPeasant unrest in the countryside of Italy from 1919 to 1922Close cooperation with the Communist PartySevere unemployment after the warnationalists demand that Italy should receive more territory from the Versailles Treaty

• Inflation in Germany during 1923 impacted the society in the manner described by which of the follwoing statements?  The welfare system enacted by Bismarck prevented economic devastationThere was a massive migration of people from the cities to the countrysideThe Germans cooperated with other European powers happily due to shared economic painThe middle class lost their savings and their standard of living declinedThere was an overal reduction in social tensions

• European thought in the early 20th century was LEAST influenced by which of the following? The uncertainty principle of HeisenbergWittgenstein's ideas of logical positivismThe concept of existentialism proffered by NietzscheThe Darwinist concept of evolutionThe Enlightenment works of Voltaire and Montesquieu

• Painting in the postwar era was characterized by attentino to detail and realism.the desire to reflect photgraphic styles and images.strong anti-war statements through symbolism.distrust of non-European cultures and traditions.a dislike of realism and a preference for abstraction.

• Most existentialists would generally agree with all of the following EXCEPT human beings are very aloneGod does not existthere is nothing human beings can do for themselveslife is meaninglessthere is no progress

• The Spirit of Locarno in 1925 referred to the agreement of European nations to denounce war as an instrument of foreign policythe agreement to end German reparations payment.the symbol of a new era of cooperation between France and Germanythe removal of the War Guilt Clause from the Versailles Treatythe Soviet Union joining the League of Nations

• Experimentation in the arts and literature during the period 1918 - 1939 focused on themes of  violence and conflictalienation and disillusionmentorder and symmetryscience and technologylove and harmony

• Nietzsche, Sorel, and Bergson shared a belief in which of the following ideas? Freudian theoryThe slave morality of ChristianityThe limitations of reason in guiding human destinyThe superiority of scientific thinking over philosophical musingsMarxism

• To gain power in Germany, Hitler and the nazi party after 1923 attempted to join with Soviet agitators in plotting a coupform an alliance with the Catholic Center Partywin support by accepting the Versailles settlementcreate a mass political movement and promote disorderoverthrow the Weimar Republic by armed force

• Which is the best charaxterization of European diplomacy in the period 1919-19ee inability to create a balance of power or collective securitya growing partnership between France and the United Statesa coalitionof great powers united against communismeffective use of the League of nations to deter conflictGermany's acceptance of the Versailles settlement

• When Germany announced that it could not make reparations payments in early 1923 England and France strongly protested but did nothingFrance but not England occupied the Ruhr to force Germany to payFrance and England agreed to negotiate a different payment scheduleFrance and England occupied the Ruhr to force germany to payEngland but not France occupied the Ruhr to force Germany to pay

• The term "lost generation" was originally coined to apply to students and followers of Sigmund Freud.Bauhaus designers who valued the cold impersonal style of the era.the young people who died in the 1918 flu pandemic.twentiety-century painters, sculptors and musiciansAmerican intellectuals and literati who gathered in Paris in the postwar years.

• Which artist is most closely associated with the development of Cubism? GaughinPicassoVan GoghKandinskyMatisse

• Which best characterizes the response to the depression in Europe? Germany and France, in the spirit of Locarno, worked closely togetherEach country tried to solve its problems aloneThe finance ministers in Europe agreed it was important to stay on the gold standardThe heads of state called a conference to coordinate the recoveryThe Popular front government in France coordinated with the Labour government in Britain