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AP Chem: Chapters 1 & 2Fundamentals of Chemistry
Please placed signed student information cards on my desk, have notebooks ready to
take notes.
AP Chem Students….
• Chapters 1 & 2 you should already know ()– Regardless, I cannot “assume” that you
automatically know the material– I WILL NOT COVER ALL THIS MATERIAL, ONLY A
SMALL PORTION AS A REVIEW. YOU WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING ALL OF IT. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON IT.
AP CHEM FundamentalsChapter 1
• Theory vs. law vs. hypothesis– Theory: often called a model, gives an overall
explanation of a natural phenomenon– Law: sometimes called a natural law, expressed a
generally observed behavior or occurrence.– Hypothesis: One or more assumptions put forth to
explain the observed behavior of nature.
AP CHEM Fundamentals• Units of Measurement
– Quantitative measurement: uses numbers.• Must have a number and a
unit to be meaningful
– Qualitative measurement: Uses words. • Hot, big, dark, short, tall,
fat, good, bad, etc…
– SI (Systemé Internacíonal) Units of Measurements
Table 1.1, pg 8
AP CHEM Fundamentals• SI Unit Prefixes– Always use proper
prefixes when applicable
– Always use scientific notation whenever you can
– Never assume an AP grader will cut you slack on prefixes, because they wont.
AP CHEM Fundamentals• Significant Figures– Always use the correct
number of significant figures.
– AP graders will deduct point for incorrect sig figs.
– You must memorize the rules for sig figs.
– When in doubt, go to two decimal places.
AP CHEM Fundamentals
AP CHEM Fundamentals
• Temperature Scales– Kelvin: SI Unit of Temp
(Heat)– Celsius: ˚K + 273– Fahrenheit: ˚C (9/5) +32
– You need to be able to convert each to the other.
• Classification of Matter– Solid– Liquid– Gas– Plasma
• Solution• Mixture
– Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous
AP CHEM FundamentalsChapter 2
• Types of Bonds– Covalent: Sharing of
electrons• Polar: unequal
distribution of charge.
– Ionic: bonding by mutual attraction due to differing charges
– Hydrogen Bonds: attraction between molecules
AP CHEM Fundamentals• Ions– Monoatomic– Polyatomic– Anions– Cations– Oxyanions
The Mole
• Avogadro’s Number : 6.022 x 1023 • Don’t you dare ever forget that number….EVER!!!1
– 6.022 x 1023 amu = 1 gram– Atomic mass from periodic table indicates mass of
1 atom of element in u, also indicates the mass of 1 mole of atoms of element in grams.
The Mole
• How grams of oxygen are present in a 30.0 gram sample of potassium chlorate?
• How many atoms are in a 14g sample of Carbon?
• How many moles are in a sample of Potassium with 1.533 x 1064 atoms?
• How many grams are in 1.66 x 109 molecules of Magnesium Phosphate?
Week 1 “Homework”
• READ chpts 1 & 2!!• Chapter 1 Review: pg 32 #’s 17, 32, 34, 39-
42, 65,71, 82,85, 86, 89 • Chapter 2 Review: pg 75 #’s 16-22, 29, 34, 39,
59, 67, 77-87– We will work through a few together tomorrow
(Wednesday). Homework is due on Mondays. No late work accepted.
– Lab setup Thursday, Lab #1 Friday.
AP Chem
• Get a lab packet from the red table, have homework out. We will work a few problems then set up labs.