AP Chapter AP Chapter 1717

ReconstructionReconstruction

Politics of Rebuilding Politics of Rebuilding AmericaAmerica Federal govt. became the supreme

law of the land Lincoln’s ultimate goal was the

preservation of the Union Southern economy laid in ruins and

they lost their work force

Lincoln and Johnson’s Lincoln and Johnson’s PlanPlan Lincoln wanted a quick

reconstruction process and wanted to treat the south as if they had never left

Lincoln’s Plan- 10% loyalty oath and passage of the 13th Amend

Johnson’s Plan was a similar but denied some Confederates the right to vote

Radical Republicans Plan Wanted to punish the South and give

equal rights to the slaves Wade-Davis Bill- 50% loyalty oath

before elections could be held but Lincoln pocket-vetoed it

Some called for the redistribution of land

Republicans wanted to punish the southern whites

Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau Provided social, economic and

educational services for the poorest freed slave

Also provided for protection from the whites

Lasted seven years

Radical Republican Radical Republican VisionVision Wanted to remake southern society Resented the Black Codes that

segregated the South Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave full

citizenship rights to the blacks 14th Amendment- citizenship/due

process for the newly freed slaves Johnson vetoed many of the

Republican laws

Congressional Congressional ReconstructionReconstruction Reconstruction Act- was vetoed by

Johnson but overridden divided the South into 5 occupied military zones

States had to adopt new Const. accepting the 14th Amend and giving voting rights to the slaves

Congress continued to override Johnson’s vetoes

Tenure of Office Act Said any one appointed by the

president with Senate approval could not be removed until the Senate approved a successor

Johnson suspended Sec. of War Edwin Stanton and the Republicans were furious

House voted to impeach but the Senate failed by 1 vote

Election of 1868Election of 1868 Grant (R) vs. Horatio Seymour (D)

and Grant won easily KKK emerged as a strong social force

in suppressing blacks rights 15th Amendment- gave blacks the

right to vote 1870 all of the southern states had

been readmitted into the union

New Life for African New Life for African AmericansAmericans Some left for a new life while others

remained b/c they knew nothing else Most became poor tenant farmers or

sharecroppers Family ties became strong and the

church played an important role Most lived in small communities

together mainly for protection

Southern Politics and Southern Politics and SocietySociety Federal troops protected the

Republican govt.’s in the South Blacks saw some rights and won

political office while the Republicans were in charge

Union League- helped organize freedman in the southern cities

Carpetbagger- northerners who moved south for opportunities

Scalawags- southern whites who assisted the northerners

Southerners hated any Republicans

Republican Party gained significant power in the South until 1877

Carpetbaggers Carpetbaggers

Reconstructing the Reconstructing the StatesStates Segregation became common and most

civil rights laws were never enforced Enforcement Act created to end all of the

hostility but did little Gradually Democrats began to seize

control of their state governments Slaughterhouse Cases- S.C. rulings that

limited the power of the 14th and 15th Amendments

The New SouthThe New South Only a few plantations survived after

the war Most were divided into several small

farms Southern merchants became the new

economic force in the South instead of agriculture

Reconstructing the Reconstructing the NorthNorth Northern industry boomed after the

war Transcontinental RR was completed at

Promontory Point, UT in 1869 Railroads became America’s biggest

economic engine Chinese Exclusion Act 1882- passed to

limit Chinese immigration (Nativism)

Credit Mobilier ScandalCredit Mobilier Scandal Corruption involving the Union Pacific

RR Credit Mobilier was a dummy

construction company and some Republicans received stock in the company for political loyalty

Tarnished Grant’s presidency

Credit Mobilier ScandalCredit Mobilier Scandal

Liberal Republicans and the Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872Election of 1872

Grant easily defeated Horace Greely (D) for the presidency

Thomas Nast a cartoonists exposed the corruption of Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring in NYC

Liberal Republicans pushed for free trade and economic growth

The Depression of 1873The Depression of 1873 Post war boom which led to a severe

financial panic Railroads defaulted on loans,

factories closed and unemployment skyrocketed

Many questioned the free market ideology of the country

Election of 1876Election of 1876 Samuel Tilden (D) vs. Rutherford B.

Hayes (R) battled for the presidency Voter fraud, corruption and violence

marred the elections Tilden won the popular vote but was

one electoral vote shy

Hayes refused to concede the election and both disputed the vote totals in FL, SC and LA

Commission was created but was dominated by Republicans and said Hayes was the winner

Southern Democrats were furious and wanted to take up arms

Election of 1876Election of 1876

Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877 Hayes would become the President His 1st order was to remove the last

federal troops from the South Considered the end of Reconstruction

and Republicans lost all power in the Southern states until the 1960s

Restoring White ControlRestoring White Control Solid South- solidly voted for the

Democratic Party Southern States passed laws

preventing blacks from voting Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause &

Literacy Test were common Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes

segregated society

ConclusionConclusion South hated the North and

Republicans Federal Government proved superior Blacks are free but still treated as

inferiors and slaves