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Chapter 17

Spoil System

Whigs are thrilled when Tippecanoe andTyler too get intooffice: Webster and Clay plan to have great

influence andcontrol

Long lists of appointments are ready to bemade

Harrison ies

!ohn Tyler

Cabinet meeting" where they inform him ofhis role as vice president acting as president# he informs

them#

Harrison$s entire cabinet resigns

Tyler starts to veto Whig bills

%attle over tariff renewal from 1&'(

)nti %ritish movement

*ostly words" maga+ines" editorials"newspapers

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)mericans , uncivili+ed

%ritish , old world" stuc- up

We finance rebellion in Canada" %ritish burnone of our ships

%ritain begins to offer asylum to politicaldissidents and slaves .a laAmistad/

Changing *aps

)roostoo- War .Canadian and )mericanLumber0ac-s s-irmish/

*aps are redrawn" we give pieces claimedby *aine" they give us more territory in *innesota" called*esabi ange .turns out to be rich in 2ron/

Lone Star epublic

3wn nation" treaties with 4urope" trade andmilitary# contradicts *onroe octrine# cotton e5porting

6ood for orth8South , offsets 9eepSouth cotton" but would add a slave state

4lection 2ssues

Clay .Whig/ vs ;ol- .emocrat 9safe guy/

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;ol- , spea-er of the House86overnor ofT

Clay , powerhouse member of Congress"flip flopped on Te5as

Close election" but ;ol- was more e5citingto the populace

1&

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)llegedly there is a s-irmish as *e5icantroops fire and -ill 9' soldiers

Whigs demand bodies and location .Lincoln

among them/

;ol-$s ;lan for an 4asy victory over *e5ico

eal with Santa )nna to put him bac- inpower .through border guards and bloc-ade/in return he would turn over territory to =S.mainly C)/# meanwhile he had deal with

*e5ican 6overnment to aid in defenseagainst =S)# betrayed both

6eneral Gearny puts down *e5ican )rmyand captures what is today ew *e5ico

!ohn >remont leads an army sponsoredrebellion in C) and brings it into the =S)

6eneral Taylor with very welltrained" welleDuipped fighting force defeats main force of *e5icanarmy .at < to 1 odds/

6eneral Winfield Scott .father of the =nion)rmy/ captures *e5ico City after a series ofvictories against Santa )nna

Casualties 1"7FF to (I"FFF .but we loseabout 1("FFF to camp diseases/

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>amous Civil War 6enerals that fought in The*e5ican War .there are do+ens more" not to mentionhundreds of other officers/

Lee, Grant, Jackson, Burnside, Meade,

McClellan, Beauregard, Sherman, Longstreet,

Anderson, Fremont, Pope, Pickett, Armistead,

Hancock" etc

>ighting the ;eace

Treaty of 6uadalupe Hidalgo

=S gains most of current territory inSouthwest

*e5ico is paid J1I mil" and has almostJ< mil in debts canceled

eactions

Some thought it was 9indecent to pic-on *e5ico" others wanted to add all of *e5ico to =S

emocrats Duic-ly speed through treatyapproval

4ffects

*a-es us loo- good to rest of the world

Slave debate over new territory gets veryheated in Congress

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Wilmot ;roviso .free soil to new land in theHouse/

II@ of *e5ico given to =S# 9Santa

)nna$s evenge , Civil War

Chapter 1&

4lection of 1&

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6old in C)

;opulation boom in West

Taylor wor-s with C) government to ta-e itstraight to state" therefore no vote on slavery" thereforefree

Southern ights in the %alance

%alance in Senate before new TerritoriesTe5as and C) can ruin it

=nderground ailroad becomes a ;nightmare for the South

High profile Harriet Tubman and the li-e aremoving 1FFFs of slaves a year .annoyance J/# South

wants stricter >ugitive Slave )ct

The Senate

Clay" ouglas" Calhoun unite to try one lastcompromise in 1&IF to save the =nion

South , state$s rights" preservation ofslavery" return of fugitive slaves

orth , new states free" save theunion8avoid war

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Webster" saves the Compromise" but infamous 7thof *arch speech" calls slavery a social issue nota governmental issue

) growing group in Congress is the9oung 6uard" whose goal is to purify the =nion" even ifthat means Civil War

3ne of their leaders" William Seard"said that Christian legislators adhere to ahigher law and some things are 0ust not

worth compromiseM;resident Taylor also agrees" vetoing every

compromise sent to him by CongressM

Congress can$t brea- the veto" but whenTaylor suddenly dies of an acute intestinaldisorder" *illard >illmore ta-es over

He signs a series of agreements that came tobe -nown as the Compromise of 1&IFM

Clay" Webster" and ouglas orated on behalfof the compromise for the orth" but theSouth hated it" however" the chief opponent"

!ohn C Calhoun had 0ust diedM

The Compromise

the orth

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California was admitted as a free state"permanently tipping the balanceM

Te5as lost its disputed territory to ew

*e5ico and 3-lahomaM

The istrict of Columbia could nothave slavetrade" but slavery was still legalM

the South

;opular sovereignty in the territories"

most of which could not grow sugar" cotton"rice or tobaccoM

Te5as was paid J1F million for the landlost to ew *e5icoM

>ugitive Slave Lawof 1&IF

fleeing slaves couldn$t testify on theirown behalf"

the federal 0udge who handled the casegot JI if the slave was freed and J1F if not

all government officials were orderedto help catch slaves E

ortherners pledged not to follow the newlaw" and the =nderground ailroad grew infunding" support" and activity .and startedsending slaves to Canada/

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ew Law further angers northerners whohad stayed out of the slave debate" especiallylocal sheriffs" council members" etc

;roblems!or the Whigs

4lection of 1&I(" emocrats nominate dar- horse>ran-lin ;ierce

The Whigs nominate 93ld >uss and >eathers,"Winfield Scott

%oth parties claim credit for the Compromise of

1&IF

The Whigs were hopelessly split" ;ierce wins

Webster and Clay both pass away in KI(

;ierce as ;ol-

ecites inaugural address from memory

Cabinet was filled with Southerners li-e !effersonavis" ;ierce is manipulated

Slavocracy

$IN William Walker" leads coup in icaragua"legali+es slavery" but a coalition of Latin)merican states overthrows himM orth sees this

as Southerns conducting independent foreignpolicy

Cuba

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)merica has investments in Cuba" considered oneof the most beautiful islands in the world .at the time/

)lthough )merica wants Cuba" Spain refuses

even discussing the sale

)fter two attempts to buy .and the Spanishlegallycapture a =S vessel with military ties"%lac- Warrior/" =MSM foreign ministers met in3stend" %elgium and drew up the 3stend*anifesto which stated that the =MSM was to offerJ1(F million to Spain for Cuba" if refused andCuba continued to endanger )merican shipping"then we could 0ustify ta-ing Cuba by force

The *anifesto is lea-ed and Whigs8epublicansare outragedM This ruins the South$s chance toadd a very profitable slave state to the =nionM;ierce is embarrassed and more fuel thrown onthe fire against the South for running independentforeign policyM

)sia

Caleb Cushing was sent to China on a goodwillmissionM

The Chinese were welcoming since they wantedto counter the %ritish influence in )sia" so =MSMOChinatrade begins to flourishM

*issionaries also sought to save soulsP theylargely -indled resent however due to poorunderstanding of Chinese84astern culture

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Commodore *atthew CM ;errywith his#lackships" twice forces agreements from the !apanese6overnment

;erry$s Treaty of Ganagawa formerly opened!apanM

!apanese government is humiliated and startsdown the road of moderni+ation" imperialism" andmilitarismM

;acific ail and 6adsden ;urchase

Though the =MSM owned California and 3regontransportation is difficult" so we begin discussing atranscontinental rail

emocrats wanted a route through the South and createincome and infrastructure for them" would need to gothrough northern *e5ico" so Secretary of War !effersonavis arranged to have !ames 6adsden appointed ministerto *e5ico and purchase a narrow strip of land from Santa)nna for J1F million .very very pricey/M 3rgani+ed land"no mountains" no 2ndians" =S )rmy already familiar withthe terrainM

To counter the Whig8epublicans try to push a northernrailroad that would be less cost effective since it wouldcross both the oc-ies and 2ndian territory .plusunorgani+ed territory/

Gansasebras-a

orthern route needs organi+ed land" so Senator Stephenouglas proposed the Gansasebras-a )ct" which would let

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slavery in Gansas and ebras-a be decided upon by popularsovereignty .a concession to the South in return for giving up therailroad/M

*issouri Compromise had banned any slavery north of the'N 'F line" so the act would have to repeal itM

Southerners had never thought of Gansas as a possible slavestate" and thus bac-ed the bill" but ortherners rallied against itM

evertheless" ouglas rammed the bill through Congress"repealing the *issouri CompromiseM

Congress Legislates a Civil War

The Gansasebras-a )ct directly wrec-ed the *issouriCompromise of 1&(F .by opening slavery up above the 'No'F$line/ and indirectly wrec-ed the Compromise of 1&IF .wheneveryone thought the issue was settled and done/M

ortherners no longer enforced the >ugitive Slave Law at all"and Southerners were still angryM

The emocratic ;arty was hopelessly split into two" and after1&IN" it would not have a president elected for (& yearsM

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)ll presidents prior to Lincoln# year" party" order ? the ;sthat too- over as ;resident

hitehouse$go%is a great place to go