AP CH 13 print.doc

7/27/2019 AP CH 13 print.doc

1/7

After Adams first term

Hickory vs Oak

Dirty campaigning in 1828

Name calling and mudslinging went crazy

Jackson wins 178 to 83

Jackson

Warhero

Common man done well

Judge and CongressmanDueling, stabbings, bar fights, prize fights etc

Slave owner from Tennessee

Spoils system (ironic after attacks on Adams)

Patronage and election contributions rewarded

Tariff problemsGood and bad

Tariff of 1828

South against, North for

State rights, Old South falling behind (or evening out)

Tariff of 1832

South Carolina

Calhoun Succession vs Jackson Invasion

Great Compromiser

Reduction in tariff

Force bill


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Native Populations

Americanization

Conversion

Relocation

Jackson

Trail of Tears

Bank War (East like, West hate)*

Jackson thought too much power in non-government

hands

Wants to kill the national bank

Set as election issue by Webster and ClayJackson, against Supreme Court, vetoes

Veto issues, power or duty?

Election of 1832

Anti-Masonic Party (first real third party)Christian pressure

National Conventions and platforms

Big win for Jackson 219/49

Bleeding the Bank dry causes article of confederation

level monetary problems. for Election of 1836

Whigs

King Andrew. united only by dislike of Jackson.

Supported Henry Clays American System and internal

improvements.


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Once formed, American would have at least two major

political parties thenceforth.

The Election of 1836Martin van Buren, American born chosen by Jackson

The Whigs suffered from disorganization. Regional favored sons

attempt.

Big Woes for the Little Magician

Van Buren was the first president to have been born in America,

but he lacked the support of many Democrats and Jacksons

popularity.

Canadian and Bank problems

Panic of 1837

wildcat banks

Specie Circular

Crops fail due to the Hessian fly

British Banks

Failure of small banks, including Pet Banks

Whigs proposed expansion of bank credit, higher tariffs, and

subsidies for internal improvements, but Van Buren spurned such

ideas.

Divorce Bill that advocated the independent treasury,


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higs repealed it, but in 1846, as the Federal Reserve System

Texas

Stephen Austin had made an agreement with the Mexican

government to bring about 300 families into a huge tract ofgranted land to settle.

(1) they must become Mexican citizens

(2) they must become Catholic

(3) no slavery allowed

These stipulations were largely ignored by the new settlers.

The Lone Star Rebellion

The Texans (among them Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie)

resented the foreign government, but they were led by Sam

Houston

In 1830, Mexico freed its slaves and prohibited them in Texas,

causing anger

In 1833, Stephen Austin went to Mexico City to clear up

differences and was jailed for 8 months.

In 1835, dictatorSanta Anna started to raise an army to

suppress the Texans; the next year, they declared theirindependence.

After armed conflict and slaughters at the Alamo and at Goliad,

Texan war cries rallied citizens, volunteers, and soldiers, and the

turning point came after Sam Houston led his army for 37 days


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eastward, then turned on the Mexicans, taking advantage of their

siesta hour, wiping them out, and capturing Santa Anna.

The treaty he was forced to sign was later negated by him on

grounds that the treaty was extorted under duress.

Texas was supported in their war by the United States, but

Jackson was hesitant to formally recognize Texas as an

independent nation until he had secured Martin Van Buren as his

successor, but after he succeeded, Jackson did indeed recognize

Texas on his last day before he left office, in 1837.

Many Texans wanted to become part of the Union, but theslavery issue blocked this. It would undo the Compromises

Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840

1. In 1840, William Harrison was nominated with John Tyler as

his running mate.

2. He had only been popular from Tippecanoe (1811) and the

Battle of the Thames (1813).3. A Democratic editor also helped Harrisons cause when he

called the candidate a poor old farmer with hard cider and

inadvertently made him look like many poor Westerners.

4. With slogans of Tippecanoe and Tyler too, the Whigs

advocated this poor mans president idea and replied, to

such questions of the bank, internal improvements, and thetariff, with answers of log cabin, hard cider, and

Harrison is a poor man.

5. The popular election was close, but Harrison blew Van Buren

away in the Electoral College.

6. Basically, the election was a protest against the hard times of

the era.


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Politics for the People

1. When the Federalists had dominated, democracy was not

respected, but by the 1820s, it was widely appealing.

o Politicians now had to bend to appease and appeal to the

masses, and the popular ones were the ones who claimedto be born in log cabins and had humble backgrounds.

o Those who were aristocratic (too clean, too well-dressed,

too grammatical, to highly intellectual) were scorned.

2. Western Indian fighters and/or militia commanders, like

Andrew Jackson, Davy Crocket, and William Henry Harrison,

were quite popular.

3. Jacksonian Democracy said that whatever governing that was

to be done should be done directly by the people.

4. This time was called the "New Democracy", and was based

on universal suffrage.

o In 1791, Vermont became the first state admitted to the

union to allow all white males to vote in the elections.

5. While the old bigwigs who used to have power sneered at thecoonskin congressmen and the bipeds of the forest, the

new democrats argued that if they messed up, they messed up

together and were not victims of aristocratic domination.

The Two-Party System

1. The Democrats had so successfully absorbed the Federalist

ideas before, that a true two party system had never emerged

until now.

2. The Democrats

o Glorified the liberty of the individual.

o Clung to states rights and federal restraint in social and

economic affairs.


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o Mostly more humble, poorer folk.

o Generally from the South and West.

3. The Whigs

o Trumpeted the natural harmony of society and the value

of community.

o Berated leaders whose appeals and self-interest fostered

conflict among individuals.

o Favored a renewed national bank, protective tariffs,

internal improvements, public schools, and moral

reforms.

o Mostly more aristocratic and wealthier.

o

Generally from the East.4. Things in Common

o Based on the people, with catchall phrases for

popularity.

o Both also commanded loyalties from all kinds of people.

Documents

AP CH 13 print.doc