AP Biology Name Reading Packet 3- Cell Cycle, Meiosis ... from L. Miriello by D. Knuffke 1 AP Biology Name _____ Reading Packet 3- Cell Cycle, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics Chapter 12:

Adapted from L. Miriello by D. Knuffke

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AP Biology Name _________________________ Reading Packet 3- Cell Cycle, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

1. Compare the purpose of cell division in unicellular organisms with the purpose(s) of cell division in multicellular organisms.

2. Define the following terms: a. Genome

b. Chromosomes

c. Somatic cells

d. Gametes

e. Chromatin

f. Sister chromatids

g. Centromere

h. Mitosis

i. Cytokinesis

j. Meiosis

3. List the important cellular activities of the cell cycle that happen during each of the following phases: a. Mitotic phase

b. Interphase

c. G1 phase

d. G2 phase

e. S phase


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4. Define the following terms: a. Mitotic spindle

b. Centrosome

c. Microtubule organizing center

d. Aster

e. Kinetochore

5. Label below:

6. Label the diagram below:


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7. Describe the experiment concerning the movement of microtubules during mitosis and its results.

8. Contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

9. Define binary fission and label the diagram below:


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10. Discuss the hypothetical reasons for the evolution of mitosis.

11. What is the role of “checkpoints” in controlling the cell cycle?

12. What is a cyclin and what does it activate?

13. What are Cdk’s?

14. What does MPF stand for and what does it promote?

15. Label the diagram below illustrating the molecular control of the cell cycle?


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16. How do growth factors work?

17. Why do cells exhibit density-dependent inhibition?

18. What is anchorage dependence?

19. Define the following terms: a. Transformation

b. Benign tumor

c. Malignant tumor

d. Metastasis

Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

1. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.

2. Define the following terms: a. Life cycle

b. Somatic cell

c. Karyotype

d. Homologous chromosomes

e. Sex chromosomes

f. Autosomes


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g. Diploid cell

h. Haploid cell

i. Fertilization

j. Zygote

k. meiosis

3. How are karyotypes prepared? Why are they made?

4. Describe the three different types of life cycles found in multicellular organisms (don't forget to note what types of organisms exhibit each life cycle).

5. What does the phrase “alternation of generations” mean?

6. Complete the diagram below outlining an overview of meiosis.


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7. What are the two broad goals of meiosis?

8. Label the following diagrams of meiosis.

9. Summarize the main differences between mitosis and meiosis.

10. Describe in detail the three sources of genetic variation in meiosis.

Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea 1. Briefly describe the education, life and work of Gregor Mendel.


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2. Define the following terms: a. Character

b. Trait

c. True-breeding

d. Hybridization

e. P generation

f. F1 generation

g. F2 generation

h. Alleles

i. Punnett Square

j. Homozygous

k. Heterozygous

l. Phenotype

m. genotype

3. Explain The Law of Segregation in your own words.

4. Explain how a monohybrid cross is different from a dihybrid cross and give an example of each.

5. Explain The Law of Independent Assortment in your own words.


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6. How do the events of meiosis agree with both of Mendel's laws?

7. Explain the Rule of Multiplication and the Rule of Addition.

8. Contrast codominance and incomplete dominance.

9. Why do we need to look at genetics at both organismal and the molecular level?

10. Does having a dominant allele mean that it will be found in greater frequency in the population? Why or Why Not?

11. What are multiple alleles?

12. What does the term Pleiotropy mean?

13. Explain epistasis in your own words.

14. What would be your “clue” that a character would have polygenic inheritance pattern?

15. What is a pedigree and how does it help in our understanding of genetics?

16. Describe and discuss the genetics of the following inherited disorders: a. Cystic Fibrosis


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b. Sickle cell disease

c. Achondroplasia

d. Huntington’s disease

17. Explain the purpose of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling.

Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 1. What is the chromosomal basis of inheritance?

2. What does “wild type” mean?

3. Why are fruit flies a good model for genetic experiments?

4. How did Morgan know the white-eyed trait was sex linked?

BE CAREFUL with the way the letters represent the traits – the + superscript means the trait is absent – vg+ means normal wings, not vestigial wings. This is counterintuitive and appears backwards – be careful with it while you read or you will get VERY confused.

5. What does it mean when genes are linked or we can say there is linkage (for any trait, not just sex-linked ones)?

AGAIN – the word recombinant is critical. Recombinants are the traits that are in the offspring – mix and matched – meaning – think of it in terms of the peas – round and yellow parents crossed with green and wrinkled seeds. The offspring that are round and yellow OR green and wrinkled ARE NOT recombinants. The offspring that are yellow and wrinkled OR green and round ARE recombinants. The parental genotypes are mixed and matched. Understanding this term is essential to your reading.

6. In what step of meiosis do recombinants form and why do they form?


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7. What is the difference between a genetic map, a linkage map and a cytogenetic map?

8. Explain the chromosomal basis of sex determination in the following organism: a. Mammals

b. Grasshoppers

c. Birds and some fish

d. Bees and ants

9. What is the SRY gene and why is it important?

10. Why does sex-linkage occur?

11. What is X inactivation?

12. Why are calico cats female?

13. When does non-disjunction occur during meiosis?

14. Define the following terms: a. Aneuploidy

b. Monosomic

c. Polyploidy


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15. Label the following alterations in chromosomal structure. Define the term alongside the diagram.

16. Explain the following human disorders that result from chromosomal alterations. a. Down Syndrome

b. Klinefelter Syndrome

c. Turner Syndrome

d. CML

17. What is unique about genomic imprinting?

18. Where are extranuclear genes found?

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AP Biology Name Reading Packet 3- Cell Cycle, Meiosis ... from L. Miriello by D. Knuffke 1 AP Biology Name _____ Reading Packet 3- Cell Cycle, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics Chapter 12: