AP Art History’s Greatest Hits:Part Two

Mannerism

• •Madonna With the Long Neck by Parmigianino

•1535

•Characteristics:

•Small oval head, long slender neck, long fingers

•Exaggeration

•Contains religious meaning

Late Gothic

•Arnolfini and His Bride by Jan Van Eyck

•1434

•Characteristics:

•Almost every object portrayed sanctity

•Symbolism

•Purpose: Record and sanctify marriage

•Dog: Fidelity, Shoe: Holy Ground

Northern Renaissance

                      

•Knight, Death, and Devil by Albrecht Durer

•1513

•Characteristics:

•Knight = Christian

•Display strength, movement, and proportions of Renn equestrian statue

•Employed lines to evoke

Baroque in Italy

•Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio

•1597-1601

•Characteristics

•Jesus’ arm reminiscent of Michelangelo

•Piercing ray of light

•Realist and dramatic

Baroque in Spain

•Las Meninas by Velázquez

•1656

•Characteristics:

•Painter represented himself

•Visual and narrative complexity

•Represented form and shadow

•Tonal graduations: dark to light

Baroque in Flanders/Holland

•The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp by Rembrandt Van Rijn

•1632•Characteristics:

•Evenly placed subjects

•Corpse: Diagonally placed and foreshortened

•Student poses and expressions show personality

Baroque in France/England

•Burial of Phocion by Poussin

•1648

•Characteristics:

•Figures: Solitary relief

•Light: Even and revealing

•Landscape is nature subordinated to a rational plan

Rococo•The Swing by Frangonard

•1766

•Characteristics:

•“Intrigue” picture

•Landscape setting is out of Watteau

•Glowing pastel colors and soft light

•Convey the scene’s sensuality

Later China

•Dwelling in the Fu Chun Mountains by Gongwang

•1347-1350

•Characteristics:

•Richly layered with brush strokes a

•At times interweaving dry brush strokes and at other times placing dry strokes over wet ones

Later Japan

•Cuckoo Flying Over New Verdure by Yosa Busan

•Late 18th Century

•Characteristics:

•Fully Mature Style

•Chinese and Japanese literati style by rounding the landscape forms

Later Oceania

•Bisj Poles

•Early to Mid 20th Century

•Characteristics:

•Served as a pledge to avenge a relative’s death

•Head-hunting raid

•Decorated with figures of individuals who have already died

Later North America

•Kachina Figurine by Otto Pentewa

•1959

•Characteristics:

•Rain bringing deity who wears a mask painted in geometric patterns symbolic of water and agriculture fertility

Later Mesoamerica

•Illuminated page from Borgia Codex

•1400-1500

•Characteristics:

•Two vividly gesticulating gods

•Ritual subjects

•God of life = black Quetzalcoatl

Later South America

•Machu Piechu

•15th Century

•Characteristics:

•One of the world’s most awe-inspiring sights

•Inka City

Later Africa

•Mbulu-nbulu Reliquary Guardian Figure

•19th Century or Early 20th Century

•Characteristic:

•Severely stylized body said to have repelled evil

•Heads simplified

•Geometric ridges borders

Neoclassicism

•Oath of the Horatii by David

•1784

•Characteristics:

•Conflicts between heart and patriotism

•Statuesque figures- men: Rigid, Angular

Romanticism (Spanish)

•The Third of May 1808 by Goya

•1808

•Characteristics:

•Encouraged empathy of the Spanish by portraying horrified expressions and enhanced drama through stark use of darks and lights

Romanticism

•Characteristics:

•Actual historical event

•Subdued palette and prominent shadow lend ominous pall to the scene

•Emotionally charged

•Comments on slavery Apathy

• Raft of the Medusa by Gericault

•1818-1819

Realism

•Le Dejeuner Sur L’Herbe by Manet

•1863

•Characteristics:

•Figures in soft focus

•Broadly painted the landscape

•Black is a prominent color

•Allusions to many paintings of genres

Impressionism•Ballet Rehearsal by Degas

•1874

•Characteristics:

•Figures randomly placed, not centered

•Degas was interested in reproducing single moments

Post Impressionism•Starry Night by Van Gough

•1889

•Characteristics:

•Communicated the vastness of the universe

•Uses color to express himself

•With the turbulent brush strokes, the color suggests a quiet but persuasive depiction

Symbolism

•The Cry (Scream) by Munch

•1893

•Characteristics:

•Grounded in the real world

•Departs significantly from a visual reality

Art Nouveau

•Casa Milá by Gaudi

•1907

•Characteristics:

•Free-form mass

•Organic lines not geometric

Fauvism

•Red Room by Matisse

•1908-1909

•Characteristics:

•Color = Warmth

•Colors contrast richly and intensely

•Depicts objects in simplified and schematized fashion and flattening out form

German Expressionism

•Entire scene is distorted- Shattered into fragments

•Colors of severity and brutality of war’s anguish and tragedy

• Fate of the Animals by Marc

•1913

•Characteristics:

Precisionism or Regionalism

•My Egypt by Charles Demuth

•1927

•Characteristics:

•Grain elevators which he reduced to simple geometric forms

•Fragmented

Cubism•Still Life With Chair- Canning by Picasso

•1912

•Characteristics:

•Chair seems real

•Painted and abstract areas don’t refer to tangible objects of the real world

Futurism•Unique Forms of Continuity in Space by Boccioni

•1913

•Characteristics:

•Formal and spatial effects on motion

•Figure is expanded, interruption, and broken in plane and contour

Dada•Cut With the Kitchen Knife Dada Through the Last Weimer by Hoch

•1919-1920

•Characteristics:

•Juxtaposed the head of German military leaders with exotic dancers

•Aware of the power that women and Dada had on society

Fantasy and Surrealism•The Persistence of Memory by Dali

•1931

•Characteristics:

•Allegory of empty space: Where time has ended

•Attempt to make it convincingly real

American Realism

•Haymarket by John Sloan

•1907

•Characteristics:

•Ashcan school painters injected realism into American art by taking ordinary people as their subjects.

Abstract Expressionism•No. 1 by Pollack

•1950

•Characteristics:

•Abandoned the paintbrush altogether sloshing, pouring, and dripping abandoned easel

Color Field

                                                                    

                                 

•Blue, Orange, and Red by Rothko

•1961

•Characteristics:

•Interested in the relation between one color and another

•No evidence of brushstrokes

OP Art

•Three Flags by Jasper Johns

•1958

•Characteristics:

•One of the first to rebel against abstract Expressionism by returning recognizable imagery to art

Pop Art

•100 Cans of Campbell Soup by Andy Warhol

•1962

•Characteristics:

•Brought art to the masses by making art into everyday life

Photo Realism

•Fanny Finger Painting by Close

•1985

•Characteristics:

•One moment it’s a spitting image of a person, the next it’s an animated pattern of spots

Neo Expressionism

•To The Unknown Painter by Keifer

•1983

•Characteristics:

•Thick, dark paint to represent earth

•Evokes the horror of the holocaust

Post Modernism•The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago

•1979

•Characteristics:

•A feminist Last Supper

•Intended to interest worship of the female

•Triangle symbolizes both ‘woman’ and goddess

•Invited: Georgia O’Keefe, Virginia Wolfe, Sacagawea, Susan B. Anthony