AP Art HistoryAP Art History

Chapter 3 –Chapter 3 –Pharaohs and the Afterlife:Pharaohs and the Afterlife:The Art of Ancient EgyptThe Art of Ancient Egypt

Chronology: 3500 – 30 BCEChronology: 3500 – 30 BCE2920 BCE. – 2920 BCE. – Predynastic: • Union of Upper and Lower Egypt, ca. 3000-2920 BCE.2920-2575 BCE. – 2920-2575 BCE. – Early Dynastic: • Dynasties I-III• Imhotep, first recorded name of an artist, ca. 2625 BCE.2575-2134 BCE. – 2575-2134 BCE. – Old Kingdom:• Dynasties IV-VIII• Sneferu, 1st Pharaoh of the Old Kingdom: r. 2575-2551 BCE.• Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure: builders of the Great Pyramids, ca. 2551-2472 BCE.2134-2040 BCE. – 2134-2040 BCE. – First Intermediate Period2040-1640 BCE – 2040-1640 BCE – Middle Kingdom:• Dynasties XI-XIV• Reunification of Egypt under Mentuhotep II, 2040 BCE.

1640-1550 BCE. - 1640-1550 BCE. - Second Intermediate Period1550-1070 BCE. – 1550-1070 BCE. – New Kingdom:• Dynasties XVII – XX•Ahmose I defeats the Hykos, 1550 BCE.• Hatshepsut: r. 1473-1458 BCE.• Akhenaton and the Amarna Period, 1353-1335 BCE.• Ramses II: r. 1290-1224 BCE.1070-712 BCE. – 1070-712 BCE. – Third IntermediatePeriod712-332 BCE. –712-332 BCE. –Late Period:• Dynasties XXV-XXXI• Persia conquers Egypt332-30 BCE – 332-30 BCE – Greek:• Ptolemaic• Alexander the Great Conquers Persia and Egypt, 332 BCE.• Ptolemy I: r. 304-284 BCE.30 BCE. – 30 BCE. – Roman• Egypt becomes a Roman province

Ancient Egypt

People, boats and animals: details of a watercolor copy of a wall paintingfrom Tomb 100 at Hierakonpolis, Egypt

Predynastic – ca. 3500-3200 BCE.

Palette of King Narmer (left, back, right, front),from Hierakonpolis, Egypt

Predynastic: ca. 3000-2920 BCE.

Chapel

False Door

Serdab (chamber for statue of deceased)

Shaft into burial chamber

Burial chamber

Section (left) Plan (center) Restored view (right)

Typical Egyptian mastabatomb

Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, EgyptDynasty III – ca. 2630-2611 BCE.

Columnar entrance corridor tomortuary precinct of

Djoser, Saqqara, EgyptDynasty III – ca. 2630-2611 BCE.

Alternative view

Façade of the North Palace of the mortuaryprecinct of Djoser, Saqqara. EgyptDynasty III – ca. 2630-2611 BCE.

Great Pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt Dynasty IVFrom left: Pyramids of Menkaure (ca. 2490-2472 BCE.), Khafre (ca. 2520-2494 BCE.),

and Khufu (ca. 2551-2528 BCE.)

Alternative view

Section of the Pyramid of Khufu, Gizeh, Egypt

Model of the pyramid complex at Gizeh

Pyramid of MenkaurePyramid of MenkaurePyramid ofKhafre Pyramid ofKhafre Pyramid of Khufu Pyramid of Khufu

Mortuary temple of KhafreMortuary temple of Khafre

CausewayCauseway

Great SphinxGreat Sphinx

Pyramids of theroyal family andmastabas of nobles

Pyramids of theroyal family andmastabas of nobles

Valley temple ofKhafreValley temple ofKhafre

Great Sphinx (with Pyramid of Khafre in left background)Giza, Egypt

Dynasty IV – ca. 2520-2494 BCE.

Alternative view

Khafre, from Gizah, EgyptDynasty IV – ca. 2520-2494 BCE.

Menkaure and Khamerernebty (?)Gizeh, Egypt

Dynasty IV – ca. 2490-2472 BCE.

Seated scribe (Kay?), from his mastabaSaqquara, Egypt

Dynasty V – ca. 2450-2350 BCE. Alternative view

Ti watching hippopotamus huntmastaba of Ti

Saqquara, EgyptDynasty V – ca. 2450-2350 BCE.

Interior hall of the rock-cut tomb of AmenemhetBeni Hasan, Egypt

Dynasty XII – ca. 1950-1900 BCE.

Mortuary temple of HatshepsutDeir el-Bahri, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1473-1458 BCE.

Hapshepsut with offering jarsDeir el-Bahri, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – 1473-1458 BCE.

Temple of Ramses IIAbu, Simbel, Egypt

Dynasty XIX – ca. 1290-1224 BCE.

Alternative view

Interior views of the temple of Ramses II

Views of hypostyle hallTemple of Amen-Re

Karnak, EgyptDynasty XIX – ca. 1290-1224 BCE.

Temple of HorusEdfu, Egypt

ca. 237-47 BCE.

Senmut with Princess NefruaThebes, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1470-1460 BCE.

Fowling scene from the tomb of NebamunThebes, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1400-1350 BCE.

Musicians and dancers, detail of a fresco from the tomb of NebamunThebes, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1400-1350 BCE.

Views of Akhenaton,from the temple of Aton,

Karnak, EgyptDynasty XVIII – ca. 1353-1335 BCE.

Thutmose: Nefertiti,From Tel-Amarna, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1353-1335 BCE.

Tiye Gorub, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1353-1335

Akhenaton, Nefertiti and three daughtersFrom Tell el-Amarna, Egypt

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1353-1335 BCE.

Innermost coffin of Tutankhamenfrom his tomb at Thebes, EgyptDynasty XVIII – ca. 1323 BCE.

Death mask of Tutankhamenfrom his innermost coffin

Painted chest from the Tomb of Tutankhamen,

Dynasty XVIII – ca. 1333-1323 BCE.

Detail of painted chest

Last judgment of Hu-NeferFrom his tomb at Thebes, EgyptDynasty XIX – 1290-1280 BCE.

MentuemhetFrom Karnak, Egypt

Dynasty XXVIca. 650 BCE.

Comparison SectionComparison Section

In what way is the block statue of Senusret with Princess Nefrua (Fig. 3-29),related to the figure of Khafre (Fig. 3-12), both stylistically and in terms of function?

(Fig. 3-29) (Fig. 3-12)

Compare ther Egyptian Pyramid of Djoser (Fig. 3-4), with the White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk (Fig. 2-1). In what ways are they similar? How do they differ?What was the function of each?

(Fig. 3-4) (Fig. 2-1)

What do the Great Pyramids of Gizeh (Figs. 3-8 - 3-10), and the palace of Persepolis (Fig. 2-26), say about the major concerns of the men and the societies thatcommissioned them?

(Fig. 3-8) (Fig. 2-26)