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Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty1
“Wizard of Oz” Prototyping
4/13/16 HCC 613
Dr. Michele A. Williams
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty2
A Little About Me…
• Current: Postdoctoral researcher with a focus on accessibility research and UI design
• Prior Industry Experience: Accessibility Analyst, VUI Designer
• Education Background: Computer Science, Software Engineering, HCI
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty3
The Wizard of Oz…WhatDorothyandgangini/allysaw.
Whatwasreallyhappening(thanksToto).
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty4
Wizard of OzPrototyping technique for an interactive system that uses human operators to simulate machine behavior1
TheUser&Facilitator TheWizard
1StevenDow,StanfordHCIGroup,hOp://designclinics.pbworks.com/f/WOz-lecture.key.pdf
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty5
Why Use WOz?
• To test/confirm system design including alternative designs.
• Can be used for rapid prototyping and ideation. • Saves development costs if unsure of interaction
design. • To find potential design issues prior to
development. • To communicate system goals and functions with
stakeholders.
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty6
When to Use WOz?
• Early and often if possible. • Prior to any substantial programming. • Once you have enough functionality ideas to
implement an end-to-end solution (that is, more than just a general idea).
• At stages where you want user input on design decisions.
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty7
Wizard of Oz Implementation1. Design an interactive system
– Determine system objectives. – Decide appropriate functionality. – Design what it will do – literally.
2. “Build” a front-end interface – Make something users feel is a real
system. Fake it ‘til you make it!
3. Create protocol – Determine role players - “wizard”,
“moderator”, “facilitator”, “observer”. – Determine equipment needed to
simulate realistic interaction.
– Script user tasks and researcher actions (in detail, including error cases).
– Determine usability measures – what are you testing? (This is 729!)
4. Run the test with users – Run the usability test as scripted. – Collect appropriate usability
measures (pass/fail, task completion, think aloud thoughts, surveys).
5. Iterate design based on findings – Evaluate what you learned and how
you want to make changes based on the findings.
– Do this again if needed/appropriate!
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty8
Discussion Question
What are some benefits of using a WOz test? • Test complex or extremely new ideas that would
be hard to prototype (e.g. complex human-like reasoning).
• Easier and cheaper to make changes, or even implement rapid prototyping.
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty9
Discussion Question
What are some downsides of WOz prototyping? • System may appear too polished and users may
not give detailed feedback. • It’s expensive to implement a full system and
then “throw it away”.
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty10
Discussion Question
What are some hindrances to completing a WOz? • Money!!!
• Who pays for the prototype (versus the ‘real’ system)? • Who pays for the design and code changes? • Who pays for multiple usability tests (WOz and final or even
more)?
• Management may question why an “expert designer” needs this step.
Human-CenteredCompu/ngatUniversityofMaryland,Bal/moreCounty11
Time to try it!Task: Design & test a blind navigation aid system that describes surroundings Setting: Galleria mall in Baltimore (indoor shopping mall) Participants: Blind adults using white cane Considerations: • Scenario • UI design • Equipment (recording and rendering)