“Studying music can put your brain in the right frame of mind.” – Vaughn

Music improves listening skills,

enhances language development

and verbal skills, and has health

benefits such as stress reduction and

better sleep.

In this Unit, you will be able to correlate the

distinguishing characteristics and examples of music of

respective Post Romanticism and Popular Music of 20s to the 50s to history and culture. Post Romanticism refers to

a range of cultural products and attitudes emerging in

the late 19th and early 20th centuries after the period of Romanticism. Human life is rich of emotions, creativity,

suffering and passion. In focusing on the subject of love

and artistic creation. Romanticism captured our imagination more than any other culture movement.

20TH CENTURY COMPOSERS

Post-Romantic era is the period that includes the

final decades of the 19th century and first

decades of the twentieth. This is the period when

many composers concentrated on the traditions

of their own countries producing strongly

nationalistic music and taking Romantic musical

techniques to their utmost reasonable limits. New

musical styles were created and invented by

these composers such as impressionism,

expressionism, neoclassicism, serialism, electronic

music, chance music, etc.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)

Debussy was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye,

France on August 22, 1862. He was the eldest

of five children. He is recognized as the creator

of what is termed impressionistic music.

His musical language was an innovative blend

of modality and the whole-tone scale was

fascinating textural experiments. French

composer Claude Debussy reached his career

peak when late Romantics Liszt and Wagner

were coming to an end.

He is often called "French musical Impressionist" for he

introduced the impressionist music to the world. By using

ideas from the past like parallelism and modality, with

advanced harmonic technic, he was able to develop this

new style of music that was distinctly French. Debussy is

also best known for his orchestral music 'La mer', 'Two

preludes-L'Apres-midi d'un faune (The Afternoon of a

Faun) and La fille aux cheveaux de lin (The Girl with the

Flaxen Hair), and piano piece 'Claire de lune'. He won the

Prix de Rome competition twice. 20th century composers

have found his music a challenge to their own exploration

of pastures new. His compositions grew in number until

such time he died in Paris on 25 March 1918.

IGOR FYODOROVITCH STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

A ballet composer, Igor Fyodorovitch Stravinsky

was born on June 17, 1882. He was also a great

pianist, conductor and writer during the 20th

century. His works were written in the neo-

classical and serialist styles, but he is best

known for two works from his earlier Russian

period: Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of

Spring) and L'Oiseau de Feu (The Fire bird).

Some of his neo- classic works are the Octet

for winds, the opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex, the

ballets Pulchinella and Apollon Musagete, the

Symphony of Psalms, and Stravinsky's only full-

scale opera, The Rake's Progress. Stravinsky is

widely regarded as the most original and

influential composer in this period. He died on

April 6, 1971.

ISCHONBERG, ARNOLD FRANZ WALTER (1874-1951)

Schoenberg was a great Austrian composer and

painter but in the later part, he was naturalized as

American. His method of musical organization in 12

different tones related only to one another

profoundly influenced the entire development of

modern techniques of composition. Schoenberg's

earlier compositions are post-romantic in

character, followed by a period in which he

developed his theories of atonality, music without a

key or tonal centre. He was associated with the

expressionist movement in German poetry and art,

and leader of the Second Viennese School.

Some of his works include opera: Moses and Aron;

choral and vocal music : Gurrelieder, A Survivor from

Warsaw, and the Pierrot lunaire, a study of madness,

based on German translations of seven poems by

Albert Giraud and using Sprechgesang , words half

spoken, half sung, was completed in 1912; orchestral

music: a violin concerto, a symphonic poem based on

Maurice Maeterlinck's medieval drama Pelleas and

Melisande and Five Orchestral Pieces. He died on July

13, 1951. Schoenberg's archival legacy is collected at

the Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna.

MUSICAL GENRES: RAGTIME AND THE BIG BAND SOUND

Ragtime is a musical genre composed for the piano,

generally in duple meter and containing a highly

syncopated treble lead over a rhythmically steady

bass. Its main characteristic is its syncopated, or

"ragged", rhythm. A ragtime composition is usually

consisted of three or four contrasting sections or strains

and each one has 16 or 32 measures in length. Ragtime

has been a strong presence in musical composition,

entertainment, and scholarship for over a century. This

has been enjoyed during its popularity peak between

1897 and 1918. Its popularity quickly spread to Europe

and there, as in America, soon became a fad.

RAGTIME OR RAG

One of the famous composers of this exciting and

captivating musical style was Scott Joplin (1868-1917),

an American composer and pianist, who was one of

the important developers of ragtime. His first rags were

Original Rags and Maple Leaf Rag published in 1899.

Some of his compositions include the Ragtime Dance

in Sedalia (1899), a ragtime opera, A Guest of Honor

(1903), ragtime opera Treemonisha, etc.

SCOTT JOPLIN (KING OF RAGTIME)

In the United States, a big band, a type

of musical ensemble, was developed. It

is associated with jazz and the Swing Era

typically consisting of rhythm, woodwind

and brass instruments. The band is

composed of approximately twelve to

twenty five musicians.

BIG BAND

The standard instrumentation that evolved in the

big-bands consists of 17 instruments which include:

four trumpets

four trombones (often including one bass

trombone)

five saxophones (most often two altos, two tenors,

and one baritone)

four-piece rhythm section (composed of drums,

acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar)

However, some composers and bandleaders

have used varied instrumentation with more or

fewer players, and additional instruments. Male

and female vocalists have also been added to

perform particular arrangements. Recently,

synthesizers and electronic keyboards have

been used to replace the piano.

Art asks profound questions about the

things we observe, imagine, and invent.

It also provides the grounds for self-

exploration and self-expression, the

opportunity to widen perspectives, build

mental focus, physical artistry, diminish

stress and heighten personal enjoyment.

An art form is a specific shape or

quality an artistic expression

takes. Some of the most common

art forms are paintings and drawings. Art is a concept that

cannot be defined.

Weaving has usually been

associated with women, as a

women’s craft in many cultures

and times. Today, weaving is a

popular handicraft and art for

many women.

Chine credits Si-ling-chi, wife of the prince Hoang-ti, with discovery of the

usefulness of silkworms, all about 2700 BCE.

In ancient Egypt, weaving linen and spinning thread were important activities of

the household economy.

Vietnamese history credits several women with the introduction of silkworm

breeding and weaving-- and even has a legend crediting a Vietnamese

princess with the discovery of the use of silkworm.

Persian rugs still well known: Persia (Iran) has long been a center of carpet

production. Women, and children under women's guidance, were central to the

production of this practical and artistic creation, crucial to the economy as well

as the arts in early and modern Iran.

Carpet weaving and, and earlier, carpet tying have often been the province of

women in Turkish and Anatolian culture.

Navaho or Navajo Indians in the Southwest of the United States tell how Spider Woman taught women the skills of loom weaving. Navajo rugs are still popular

for their beauty and practicality.

DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Industrial Revolution began, in large part, as

mechanization of the production of textiles, and

so this change in weaving and cloth-making

production meant immense changes in

women's lives- and may helped give rise to the

movement for women's rights.

DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

In the American Revolution, the boycott of

British goods, including inexpensive

manufactured cloth, meant that more

women went back to home production of

cloth. Spinning wheels were a symbol of

independence and freedom.

18th and 19th Century Europe and America

In Europe and America, in the 18th an d

19th century, the invention of the power

loom helped speed the Industrial

Revolution. Women, specially young

unmarried women, soon began leaving

home to work in the new textile

production factories using this technology.

20th Century: Weaving as Art

In the 20th century, women have

reclaimed weaving as an art. In the

Bauhaus movement, women were

virtually relegated to the loom,

however, as stereotyping shaped

assumptions about "women's art".

Modern Weaving in the Philippines

Weaving was introduced into pre-Hispanic Philippines

through trade, and with it came the back strap loom.

Textiles were used for death ceremonies. Modern tribes

weave different-colored strips of vine stems and dyed

palm leaves into baskets, mats, hats, and betel-nut

pouches. Plant patterns are predominant in Mindanao

groups, and they are known for their skill in dyeing

abaca (Manila hemp) fibers. The binako/blanket of the

Itneg tribes are known for the optical illusion design. The

Ga'dang has beaded ornamentation. Mostly, when

animal or human forms are woven into clothes, it is for

protection against environmental spirits.

THE PIÑA WEAVING

Piña weaving in Aklan is an age-old tradition

handed down from generations. In fact, Aklan is

known as the Piña Fiber capital of the Philippines.

Kalibo's Piña cloth was said to be traded during the

Pre-Hispanic times and reached as far as Greece

and Egypt during its heyday.

There's no finer and more elegant fiber for the

Barong Tagalog than piña fabric. Known as the

Quuen of Philippine Fabric, the piña fiber is

extracted by hand from the leaves of the native

pineapple. Each strand is painstakingly knotted by

hand and loom women manually to produce piña

cloth that is soft, and usually in ivory color. Aklan is

well known to produce other natural fibers such as

abaca and raffia.

Ice sculpture is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material.

Sculptures from ice can be abstract or realistic and can be functional or

purely decorative. Ice sculptures are generally associated with special or

extravagant events because of their limited lifetime.

The lifetime of a sculpture determined primarily by the temperature of its

environment and thus, a sculpture can last from mere minutes to possibly

months. There are several ice festivals held around the world, hosting

competitions of ice sculpture carving.

Sculpting ice presents a number of difficulties due to the variability and

volatility of the material. Ice may be sculpted in a wide range temperatures

and the characteristics of the ice will change according to its temperature as

well as the surrounding temperatures. Sculptures are generally carved from blocks of ice and these blocks must be carefully selected to be suitable for

the sculptor's purposes and should be free of undesired impurities.

There are various sizes of ice blocks that are produced artificially.

Naturally made blocks can be cut to almost any size from frozen

rivers or from "ice quarries", which are essentially lakes or ponds that

have frozen over. Large ice blocks must be moved by heavy

machinery and are used for large ice sculpting events or as part of

an ice hotel.

Ice sculpture feature decoratively in some cuisines and may be used

to enhance the presentation of foods, especially cold foods such as

seafoods or sorbets. They are often used at wedding receptions,

usually as some form of decoration. Popular subjects for ice

sculptures at wedding are hearts, doves, and swans. Swans have a

reputation for monogamy, partly accounting for their popularity.

Ice sculptures may be used at a bar, in the form of an ice luge, or

even the entire bar may be made of ice.

ICE SCULPTURE TOOLS

Chisel. Any woodworking chisel will work for ice sculpting, but

few woodworking chisels are ideal for ice. Because ice is

grainless and soft, a very acute grind will work with ice. Chisel

Shapes: Simple straight chisels, V-knives and Basic gauges or

"spoons" with "U-shaped" blades.

Mallet. Mallets, as with wood and stone sculpture, work great

in conjunction with carving chisels. They aren't necessary with

ice as arm-strength is plenty to push a sharp chisel through

the material. But, mallets provide controlled, short bursts with

little risk of taking off too much or breaking the ice with a long

thrust.

Chainsaws. Chainsaws are great ice sculpting tools, especially

in the first, rougher stages of the sculpture. As with other

chainsaw sculptures, the shape of the chainsaw bar is

important. It's best to have one that is very short from top to

bottom. This lets you turn the saw in a tighter radius as your

cutting. Electric chainsaws are most common, and necessary

for indoor applications. Small to intermediate-sized gas saws

are used outdoors.

Grinders. Several grinders are well-suited for ice sculpting.

Angle grinders, die grinders and angle sanders are all great

tools. The surface area of the grinding area dictates whether

it's a good detail tool or better used for removing a lot of

material. Electric grinders and sander are used. If the motors

are not sealed, though pneumatic tools can be a better

choice in wet environment.

Physical Education promotes lifelong

fitness, health, and wellness and

reduces risk of severe diseases. It

teaches self-management skills and

motor skills that can be used to plan

for and perform lifelong physical activities.

Exercise and fitness are also vital for the

mental health and well being of a person,

and not just their physical health.

When regular fitness activities are

included in the lifestyle of a person, it is possible for you to maintain fitness.

Evidence shows that some of the leading causes of disease

such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, some lung diseases,

injuries, often can be prevented by improving personal

health habits. Eating right, staying physically active, and not

smoking are a few examples of good habits that can help

you stay healthy.

Daily exercise is the single best thing you can do for your

body. It has positive impacts on your muscles, bones, and

organs, as well as boosting your appearance, mood, and

even mental health and cognition. In fact, many of the

problems we associate with old age: weakness, loss of

balance, and memory loss, aren't due to age at all. They are

due to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise.

Push-up Test. It measures muscular strength and endurance in shoulders, and triceps, a combination that better reflects your fitness level than tests. A timed push-up test, on the other hand, can be done anywhere.

Exercise at moderate intensity for at least 2 hours and 30 minutes spread over the course of each week.

Avoid periods of inactivity; some exercise at any level of intensity is better than none.

Exercise at least twice a week, supplement aerobic exercise (cardio) with weight-bearing activities that strengthen all major muscle groups.

Have a Healthy Diet. Physical activities doesn't have to be strenuous to produce results, it also requires healthy diet. Even moderate exercise five to six times a week can lead to lasting health benefits.

Have a Healthy Diet. Physical activities doesn't have to be strenuous to produce results, it also requires healthy diet. Even moderate exercise five to six times a week can lead to lasting health benefits.

What can you do stay healthy?

Adopt a physical activity you love. Activities that combine a range of physical

movement with enjoyable social interactions and learning opportunities are the easiest to

stick with, and make the greatest impact on your overall health. Some good examples

are: exploring, dancing, and indoor and outdoor games

Choose the right location for your gym. The closer your gym is to home (if you leave from home to exercise) or to work (if you leave from work) the greater the likelihood that you

will go on a regular basis. Choosing a gym with a commute may sabotage days when

your energy is low.

Track your fitness. Using a fitness tracker not only helps you recognize your progress and

improve your results, but the ability to participate in teams, compete with friends, and

share results is a powerful motivator to stick with your plan.

Make an appointment. Rather than planning on going to the gym at some point in a day,

put it in your calendar like any other scheduled activity. If you plan on going to the gym

every day before or after work, and build the time into your plan and commute, you are

more likely to make a lasting habit of it.

Use an app. There are different mobile applications which you can use when exercising.

Choose your entertainment. As we look for healthy ways to motivate and reward

ourselves, some people have found a clever solution.

World Health Organization defines physical activity as any bodily movement produced by

skeletal muscles that requires energy

expenditure – including activities undertaken

while working, playing, carrying out household

chores, travelling, and engaging in recreational

pursuits.

Physical activity is good for people

of all ages. Staying active can help: Feel better about yourself

Improve your ability to think, learn, and make decisions

Lower your risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes,

and some types of cancer.

Improve your strength and balance so you can prevent

injuries and stay independent.

Improve your mood

TIPS FOR STAYING ACTIVE AT ANY AGE

A. Aim for 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate-

intensity aerobic activities.

Tell your doctor if you have shortness of breath, chest pain,

or unplanned weight loss.

If you weren't physically active before, start slowly. Even 5

minutes of physical activity has health benefits. You can

build up to more over time.

Choose aerobic activities – activities that make your heart

beat faster – like walking fast, dancing, swimming, or raking

leaves.

B. Do muscle-strengthening activities 2 days a week.

Breathe out as you lift the weight, and breathe in as

you lower it. Don't hold your breath – holding your

breath can cause unsafe changes in your blood

pressure.

Try using exercise bands or lifting hand weights. You

can also use bottles of water or cans of food as

weights.

C. Do balance activities.

Stand up from a sitting position.

Practice standing on one foot (hold onto a chair if you need to at first).

Sign up for a yoga class or try out a yoga video at home.

Learn tai-chi, a mind-body exercise that improves balance.

Health education provides and educates

knowledge and skills to promote well being.

Health education include all aspects

related to health like environment health,

mental health, and physical health.

It also enhances the quality of life for all people.

Consumer's health is intended for potential

or current users of medical services.

It is designed to be educational, and can

help individuals make decisions about

health-related behavior and medical treatments.