“Pipeline Safety, Surveying and Site Development” · transportation safety operations. Pipeline and Informed Planning Alliance (PIPA) In 2007, The Pipelines and Informed Planning

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“Pipeline Safety, Surveying and Site Development”

PERRY CLOYD, MANAGER, ENCROACHMENT PROGRAMVectren Energy Delivery

Office: 812-330-4010; Cell: 812-431-0465; email: [email protected] HO1-pwp point

PRESENTATION OUTLINE: General overview of issues and concepts

Surveyors as excavators Easements Pipelines Properties of natural gas

Demonstrate existing examples of pipeline incidents Review Minnesota pipeline incident video Bellingham, Washington San Bruno, California

Legislative overview and history Recap 1938, 1968, 1979, 1994, 2002 and 2011 legislation

Regulatory agency overview and impact on surveyors and property development CGA (IN811) PHMSA (DOT Regulatory Agency) PIPA (Best practices)

Provide PIPA references Screen shots from website Review table of contents from Final Report of Recommended Practices, November 2010 Review checklist for planning, design, communication, permitting and site plan review

Review PIPA development and land use practices that impact pipelines Review specific items from Recommended Practices relative to developers and owners

Review examples of field conditions for future consideration

NATIONWIDE PIPELINE MAP

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SURVEYORS AS EXCAVATORS

IC 8-1-26-6 "Excavate“ Sec. 6. As used in this chapter, "excavate" means an operation for the movement, placement, or removal of earth, rock, or other materials in or on the ground by use of tools or mechanized equipment or by discharge of explosives, including augering, backfilling, boring, digging, ditching, drilling, driving, grading, jacking, plowing in, pulling in, ripping, scraping, trenching, and tunneling.

IC 25-21.5-4-1: Sec. 1. For the purpose of safeguarding life, health, and property, a person must be registered to Practice surveying in Indiana

CLIFF MEIDL(BORN MARCH 6, 1966) IS A TWO-TIME U.S. OLYMPIC ATHLETE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE 1996

SUMMER OLYMPICS AND THE 2000 SUMMER OLYMPICS, WHERE HE WAS CHOSEN TO BE THE U.S. FLAG BEARER.

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SOME BASICS

Easement – A legal instrument giving a transmission pipeline operator a temporary or permanent right to use a right-of-way for the construction, operation, and maintenance of a pipeline.

Encroachment – (1) A human activity, structure, facility, or other physical improvement that intrudes onto a transmission pipeline right-of-way. (2) Encroachment refers to the unauthorized use of a right-of-way in violation of the easement terms.

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EASEMENT BASICS

Sufficient width vs. defined width Rights acquired Width Depth/Size Purpose1. Transmission

2. High Pressure Distribution

3. Medium Pressure Distribution

4. Low Pressure Distribution

SUFFICIENT WIDTH

SUFFICIENT WIDTH

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RIGHTS ACQUIRED

easement with the right, power, and privilege to construct, inspect, maintain, operate, enlarge, rebuild and repair any number of electric transmission lines

Grantor, grants the right to trim or remove any and all trees located within XX feet of the center line of any line of structures and any and all other trees which are of such a ·height that in falling directly to the ground they could come in contact with any of said transmission lines

RIGHTS ACQUIRED

Grantor reserves the right to remove brush or other obstructions located within the same distance of the center line of any line of structures which could create a fire hazard

Grantor reserves the right to cultivate the land included within said easement and right-of-way, provided however, that Grantor shall not erect or maintain any improvements or structures, except fences, within the same distance of the center line of any line of structures.

Grantor hereby retains - for Grantor and Grantor’s successors - the right to use and enjoy said premises, except as the same may be necessary for the purposes herein granted

Grantor reserves the right to use its real estate for all purposes not inconsistent with this grant

PIPELINE FACTOIDS Pipelines operate under pressure Basic categories are low, medium and high pressure High pressure covers both high pressure distribution and transmission pipelines Internal hoop stress will increase if external pressure is applied

Traffic Heavy equipment Structures

Pipelines are designed to a pressure of 1.5 times the MAOP [Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure]

MAOP can be predetermined or established on existing pipelines thru pressure testing

Repeated pressure on a pipeline will create increased pressure on the “upstream” side of the crossing

While this pressure may not itself create an immediate problem, the long term repeated pressure could cause fatigue on facilities, metal fatigue or damage to protective coating, resulting in the possibility of failure.

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PIPELINE FACTOIDS Pipelines can vary from 2-inches in diameter for gathering lines or small distribution mains, to

48-inches for transmission or trunk lines. Pipe thickness can vary from 0.188 to 0.5 inches Most modern pipe is manufactured of either seamless steel or steel with a welded longitudinal

seam, in lengths of 40 to 60 feet. Pipe can also be polyethylene plastic, usually high or medium density Steel pipe is vulnerable to corrosion damage that can compromise the integrity of the pipeline.

Pipe coatings and wrappings applied by the pipe manufacturer or on site are used to inhibit corrosion.

Cathodic protection is used to protect buried pipe by inhibiting the corrosive environment, is required on all interstate and local distribution pipelines subject to external corrosion and has been for decades.

Cathodic protection uses a constant low-voltage electrical current run through the pipeline to counteract corrosion. [rectifier to add current with anode beds for discharge]

This current will discharge to anything that acts like an anode bed. Federal regulations require, at the time of installation, that natural gas distribution mains have

a 24-inch minimum depth of cover, while transmission pipelines require a minimum depth of cover of 30-inches in rural areas and deeper in more populated areas.

When crossing a river, most pipelines are drilled under the riverbed without disturbing the river bottom surface. If drilling is not possible, the piping may be laid and weighted with concrete or steel anchors to keep it on the riverbed.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

• Natural gas is odorless, colorless, and tasteless in its natural state. • It is lighter than air and will rise. • Natural gas is nontoxic, but it can displace oxygen and act as a simple

asphyxiant.• When mixed with the proper amount of air, natural gas can burn. The explosive

limits are 4 to 15% gas in air. • Natural gas fires will give off tremendous amounts of radiant heat and provide

significant exposure concerns. • Natural gas that is trapped in enclosed areas or confined spaces can cause a

significant explosion if ignited. • With few exceptions, natural gas is transported via pipeline in its gaseous form.• Leaked natural gas trapped under asphalt, concrete, frozen ground, etc., will

move laterally from its source via any path of least resistance (e.g., underground conduits and pipe casings).

• Soil that has been disturbed by excavation will allow for the easier passage of natural gas.

FLAMMABLE (EXPLOSIVE) RANGE

ProductFlash Point Boiling Point

Flammable Range

Specific Gravity

VaporDensity

VaporPressure

Gasoline-45°F

(-43°C)105°F (41°C)

1.4-7.6% 0.8 3-4190mm/H

g

Aviation Gasoline

-46°F (-51°C)

140-338°F (60-170°C)

1.2-7% 0.65-0.75 3-4285-367 mm/Hg

Kerosene

100-162°F

(38-72°C)

175-617°F (79-325°C)

0.7-5% 0.8 5.50.23-2mm/Hg

#2 Fuel Oil (Diesel Fuel)

140°F (60°C)

325°F (163°C)

0.8-7.5% 0.85 7.01-2 mm /Hg

Jet A Fuel (JP-8)

140°F (60°C)

291°F (144°C)

0.8-4.6% 0.775 6.0 S2mm/Hg

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IGNITION TEMPERATURE

Common natural gas ignition sources for natural gas releases may include open flames, such as pilot lights, matches, or cigarette lighters. Other sources of ignition that can develop sufficient heat to ignite a combustible mixture include: sparks from tools, doorbells, electric motors and switches, static electricity, highway flares, and vehicle engines.

2011 MINNEAPOLIS EXPLOSION

MINNEAPOLIS SITE LOCATION

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MINNEAPOLIS SITE LOCATION

MINNEAPOLIS PHOTOS

The failure of the 20‐inch diameter [175 psi], natural gas transmission pipeline near the Cub Foods entrance on East 60th Street east of Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis was due to its inability to sustain external loads. The external loads in this case being the soil, roadway, traffic, and forces related to subsidence of the soil.

POTENTIAL IMPACT RADIUS

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POTENTIAL IMPACT RADIUS

POTENTIAL HEAT RADIUS

BELLINGHAM , WASHINGTONOn June 10, 1999, a 16-inch-diameter steel pipeline owned by Olympic Pipe Line Company Olympic) ruptured and released about 237,000 gallons of gasoline into a creek. The gasoline ignited and burned approximately 1 1/2 miles along the creek.

Two 10-year-old boys and an 18-year old young man died as a result of the accident.

August 11, 1994 the pipeline was struck by a backhoe and personnel coated the area of the pipeline that had been struck. Inspection revealed, approximately 27 gouge marks were evident on this 10-foot-long pipe segment.

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SAN BRUNO, CALIFORNIA

September 9, 2010, a 30 inch diameter steel pipeline exploded,

The death toll was eight people.

The explosion registered as a magnitude 1.1 earthquake,

The initial blast "had a wall of fire more than 1,000 feet high.

The explosion excavated a crater 167 feet long, 26 feet wide and 40 feet deep.

LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND STANDARDS

The terms law, regulation, and standard are sometimes used interchangeably, but they have distinctly different meanings.

Laws are primarily created through acts of Congress or by individual state legislatures. Laws typically provide broad goals and objectives, mandatory dates for compliance, and established penalties for noncompliance.

Regulations, sometimes called rules, are created by federal or state agencies as a method of providing the detailed requirements to achieve the goals of the laws enacted through legislative action. Individual governmental agencies enforce laws and regulations through audits and inspections.

LEGISLATION HISTORY The Natural Gas Act of 1938 was the first occurrence of the

United States federal government regulating the rates charged by the interstate natural gas industry.

The Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act was enacted in 1968: The beginning of regulation of oversight of interstate transfers of natural gas pipeline transmission from source to market.

Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979: authorizes DOT to regulate pipeline transportation of hazardous liquids

Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 1994: A bill to amend the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 and the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979.

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LEGISLATION HISTORY Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002: Mandates

requirements in the way that the natural gas industry ensures the safety and integrity of its pipelines. The law places requirements on each pipeline operator to prepare and implement an “integrity management program,”

Part 192 Subparts O and P – (a) Threat identification (3) Time independent threats such as third party damage and outside force damage;

Pipeline Transportation Safety Improvement Act of 2011: A bill to amend title 49, United States Code, to provide for enhanced safety and environmental protection in pipeline transportation [key aspects are remote control valves and automated shutoff valves].

REGULATION

Common Ground Alliance (CGA) In 1999, the Department of Transportation sponsored the Common Ground Study. In 2000, the Common Ground Alliance (CGA) was formed to further the work completed during the study. The current 811 system is a result of the CGA.

Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) PHMSA was created within the U.S. DOT under the Research and Special Programs Improvement Act of 2004. The purpose of the act was to provide the U.S. Department of Transportation with a more focused research organization and to establish a separate operating administration for pipeline safety and hazardous materialstransportation safety operations.

Pipeline and Informed Planning Alliance (PIPA) In 2007, The Pipelines and Informed Planning Alliance (PIPA) was created as a stakeholder initiative led and supported by PHMSA.

MITIGATIVE STRATEGIES

Pipeline Mapping-National Pipeline Mapping System Pipeline Awareness – Education and Outreach

Understand the risk pipelines pose to the community and the risk the community poses to pipelines.

Establish a buffer distance from the pipeline where mitigative actions such as a consultation zone or planning area will be considered.

Promote the Pipelines and Informed Planning Alliance (PIPA) recommended practices for land use and development near transmission pipelines.

Promote 811 Call Before You Dig. Promote the Common Ground Alliance (CGA) best practices for prevention of excavation

damage. Require disclosure of known transmission pipeline easements on the property as part of

all real estate sales transactions. Landlord laws also provide a mechanism to promote pipeline awareness and damage prevention.

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Excavation Damage Prevention Adopt various permitting requirements to encourage excavators to use 811 (Call Before

You Dig) and other excavation damage prevention practices (land use changes, demolition, construction of fences & retaining walls, building construction, water development, sewer development, and right-of-way/public space planning)


Land Use Planning Effectuate early communication among key stakeholders when considering changes to existing land use

or new land use development adjacent to existing transmission pipeline rights-of-way (ROW). Consider enhanced records research and information collection regarding the proposed development

and the pipeline attributes when development is proposed in close proximity to transmission pipelines. Consider measures to prevent excavation damage during construction and in the future Review the potential for pipeline damage resulting from other impacts of development (e.g., water

runoff, interference with cathodic protection systems). Review to ensure adequate access for pipeline operations/maintenance activities. Review to ensure adequate access for emergency response personnel, vehicles, and equipment in the

event of a pipeline incident. Review buildings and pathways to ensure safe and timely evacuations can be accomplished if

necessary. Consider pipeline ROW for alternative uses such as green spaces, parks, golf courses, hike and bike

trails, horse trails, and other recreational spaces. Review land record requirements for development in close proximity to transmission pipelines. Implement physical protective strategies, for example, adding fencing and barriers to protect critical

aboveground junctures or components, or adding berms or collection locations to protect sensitive areas.

PIPA Report

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GROWTH ALONG PIPELINE IN WASHINGTON STATE

PIPELINE SAFETY STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS

AUDIENCE

title companies developers public officials cities/towns employees contract employees General public

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STAKEHOLDERS

Local Government : Officials (typically the town, city, county, or parish legislative body) are responsible for the health, safety, and welfare of the residents and for establishing development regulations and zoning.

Transmission Pipeline Operator: Operators are responsible for the safe operation and maintenance of hazardous liquid and/or natural gas transmission pipelines. These pipelines are subject to federal pipeline safety regulations administered either directly by PHMSA or by a state agency. Operator responsibilities include taking actions to avoid pipeline damage or failure. These activities are required by federal pipeline safety regulations, and transmission pipeline companies frequently augment these requirements.

Property Developer/Owner: The property owner or developer are responsible for project planning relating to a parcel of land. This involves gathering all available and necessary information and making decisions affecting a planned development project, such as proposed excavation, construction, or development activity, as well as developing the project plans and getting the necessary approvals and permits to ensure all zoning and construction requirements are met. Most developments driven by a developer or property owner are supported by surveyors, engineers and/or architects.

PIPA RECOMMENDED PRACTICESGENERAL INFORMATION ON RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

Recommended practices were developed by a taskforce convened by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). The taskforce is referred to as the PIPA. PIPA’s report “Partnering to Further Enhance Pipeline Safety In Communities Through Risk-Informed Land Use Planning Final Report of Recommended Practices”. The report offers nearly 50 recommended practices for local communities, developers and pipeline operators to use to help reduce the safety risks that result from growth of communities near pipelines.

The recommended practices developed by the PIPA stakeholder participants are not mandated by any public or private entity. They are intended to provide guidance to pipeline operators, local officials, property owners and developers to provide for the safe use of land near transmission pipelines.

The recommended practices are grouped into one of two scenarios. Each recommended practice includes the practice title, a brief practice statement, the stakeholder audience intended to take action to implement the practice, practice details, and references if applicable. The practices are numbered and arranged roughly in a logical order within each scenario. The scenarios are:

Baseline (BL) Recommended Practices [5]– These practices should be implemented by stakeholders in preparation for future land use and development.

New Development (ND) Recommended Practices [25]– These practices should be implemented by stakeholders when specific new land use and development projects are proposed.

HO2-full list

RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR PROPERTY DEVELOPER/OWNER

BL05 Define Transmission Pipeline Consultation Zone

BL07 Understand the Elements of a Transmission Pipeline EasementBL08 Manage Land RecordsBL09 Document and Record Easement AmendmentsBL14 Participate to Improve State Excavation Damage Prevention ProgramsND02 Gather Information for Design of Property Development near Transmission PipelinesND03 Review Acceptability of Proposed Land Use of Transmission Pipeline Right-of-Way Prior to DesignND04 Coordinate Property Development Design and Construction with Transmission Pipeline OperatorND06 Require Consideration of Transmission Pipeline Facilities in Land Development DesignND07 Define Blanket Easement Agreements When NecessaryND08 Collaborate on Alternate Use and Development of Transmission Pipeline Right-of-WayND10 Record Transmission Pipeline Easements on Development Plans and Final PlatsND11 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Parking Lots and Parking StructuresND12 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New RoadsND13 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Utilities and Related InfrastructureND14 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of Aboveground Water Management Infrastructure

ND15 Plan and Locate Vegetation to Prevent Interference with Transmission Pipeline ActivitiesND16 Locate and Design Water Supply and Sanitary Systems to Prevent Contamination and Excavation DamageND17 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk in New Development for Residential, Mixed-Use, and Commercial Land UseND18 Consider Transmission Pipeline Operation Noise and Odor in Design and Location of Residential, Mixed-Use, and Commercial Land Use DevelopmentND19 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Industrial Land Use DevelopmentND20 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Location, Design, and Construction of New Institutional Land Use DevelopmentsND21 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Public Safety and Enforcement FacilitiesND22 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Places of Mass Public Assembly (Future Identified Sites)ND23 Consider Site Emergency Response Plans in Land Use DevelopmentND24 Install Temporary Markers on Edge of Transmission Pipeline Right-of-Way Prior to Construction Adjacent to Right-of-WayND25 Contact Transmission Pipeline Operator Prior to Excavating or BlastingND26 Use, Document, Record and Retain Encroachment Agreements or PermitsND27 Use, Document and Retain Letters of No Objection and Conditional Approval LettersND28 Document, Record and Retain Partial Releases

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Practice BL05 Define Transmission Pipeline Consultation Zone

Practice Description: Local governments should define a consultation zone to provide a mechanism to initiate communication between property developers/owners and operators of nearby transmission pipelines when new land uses and property developments are being planned. Optimally, the consultation zone distance should be measured from the transmission pipeline centerline and should be based on specific pipeline characteristics and local conditions. High/low operating pressure, large/small pipe diameters, type of product carried and local topography can influence the potential impact on nearby development.


BL07 Understand the Elements of a Transmission Pipeline Easement: Property developers/owners should have an understanding of the elements of and rights conveyed in a transmission pipeline easement.

BL08 Manage Land Records: Land use agreements between pipeline operators and property owners should be documented and managed and, when necessary, recorded.

BL09 Document and Record Easement Amendments: Easement amendments should be documented, managed and recorded.

BL14 Participate to Improve State Excavation Damage Prevention Programs: All pipeline safety stakeholders should participate in the work of organizations seeking to make improvements to state excavation damage prevention programs, especially efforts to reduce exemptions from participation in one-call systems.


ND03 Review Acceptability of Proposed Land Use of Transmission Pipeline Right-of-Way Prior to Design: The property developer/owner should review preliminary information about acceptable land uses on a transmission pipeline right-of-way prior to the design of a property development.

ND04 Coordinate Property Development Design and Construction with Transmission Pipeline Operator: When property development is planned within the consultation zone (reference PIPA Recommended Practice BL05), the property developer/owner and the transmission pipeline operator should communicate to ensure possible impacts of pipeline incidents and maintenance needs are considered during development design and construction.

ND07 Define Blanket Easement Agreements When Necessary: Upon request by the landowner, a transmission pipeline easement agreement may be defined to an acceptable, reasonable, and safe width and explicit location. State statutes or local government regulations may require easements to be defined prior to the approval of rezoning, subdivision plats and development permits.

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ND10 Record Transmission Pipeline Easements on Development Plans and Final Plats: Local governments should require all recorded development plans and final plats to clearly show the location of transmission pipeline easements and identify the pipeline operators.

ND11 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Parking Lots and Parking Structures: Parking lots and parking structures should be preferentially located and designed to reduce the consequences that could result from a transmission pipeline incident and to reduce potential interference with transmission pipeline maintenance and inspections.

ND12 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Roads: Roads and associated appurtenances should be preferentially located and designed to reduce the consequences that could result from a transmission pipeline incident and reduce the potential of interference with pipeline operations and maintenance.

ND13 Reduce Transmission Pipeline Risk through Design and Location of New Utilities and Related Infrastructure: Utilities (both above and below ground) and related infrastructure should be preferentially located and designed to reduce the consequences that could result from a transmission pipeline incident and to reduce the potential of interference with transmission pipeline maintenance and inspections.

ND15 Plan and Locate Vegetation to Prevent Interference with Transmission Pipeline Activities: Trees and other vegetation should be planned and located to reduce the potential of interference with transmission pipeline operations, maintenance, and inspections.

ND16 Locate and Design Water Supply and Sanitary Systems to Prevent Contamination and Excavation Damage: Individual water supplies (water wells), small public/private water systems and sanitary disposal systems (septic tanks, leach or drain fields) should be designed and located to prevent excavation damage to transmission pipelines, interference with transmission pipeline maintenance and inspections, and environmental contamination in the event of a transmission pipeline incident.


ND18 Consider Transmission Pipeline Operation Noise and Odor in Design and Location of Residential, Mixed-Use, and Commercial Land Use Development: Consider noise, odor and other issues when planning and locating developments near above-ground transmission pipeline facilities, such as compressor stations, pumping stations, odorant equipment, regulator stations and other pipeline appurtenances.

ND23 Consider Site Emergency Response Plans in Land Use Development: Emergency response plan requirements should be considered in new land use development within a planning area (see PIPA Recommended Practice BL06) to reduce the risks of a transmission pipeline incident.

ND25 Contact Transmission Pipeline Operator Prior to Excavating or Blasting: Anyone planning to conduct excavating, blasting and/or seismic activities should consult with affected transmission pipeline operators well in advance of commencing these activities. Excavating and blasting have the potential to affect soil stability or lead to movement or settling of the soil surrounding the transmission pipeline.

ND26 Use, Document, Record and Retain Encroachment Agreements or Permits: Encroachment agreements should be used, documented, recorded and retained when a transmission pipeline operator agrees to allow a property developer/owner or local government to encroach on the pipeline right-of-way for a long or perpetual duration in a manner that conflicts with the activities allowed on the easement.

HTTP://PRIMIS.PHMSA.DOT.GOV/COMM/PUBLICATIONS/PIPA/LAND%20DEVELOPMENT%20NEAR%20TRANSMISSION%20PIPELINES%20CHECKLIST%200

5102012.PDF

HO3-chk list

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CHECKLIST FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN



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HO4-dg

TEST QUESTIONS

Using the PIR chart, determine the impact radius of the following incident:18inch860psi

PALM CITY, FL

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PALM CITY, FL On Monday, May 4, 2009, about 5:10 a.m. eastern daylight time, Florida

Gas Transmission Company's (FGT) line 100, an 18-inch-diameter natural gas transmission pipeline, ruptured about 6 miles south of Palm City, Florida. The rupture occurred in a sparsely populated rural area of Martin County and displaced about 106 feet of buried pipe onto the right of way between Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Florida Turnpike (SR-91). An estimated 36 million cubic feet of natural gas was released during the accident without ignition. Two parallel FGT natural gas transmission pipelines in the same right-of-way were undamaged. Three minor injuries were attributed to the rupture: two people were injured escaping from a vehicle that lost control and ran off the turnpike, and one member of the Palm Beach County Sheriff's department walked through a dense cloud and inhaled natural gas.

TEST QUESTIONS

Using the PIR chart, determine the impact radius of the following incident:20 inch pipe930 psi

SISSONVILLE, WV

On December 11, 2012, at 12:41 p.m. eastern standard time,1 a buried 20-inch-diameter interstate natural gas transmission pipeline (Line SM-80), owned and operated by Columbia Gas Transmission Corporation (Columbia Gas), ruptured in a sparsely populated area, about 106 feet west of Interstate 77 (I-77) near Route 21 and Derricks Creek Road in Sissonville in Kanawha County, West Virginia. The pipeline was operating at about 929 pounds per square inch, gauge (psig), just before the rupture. About 20 feet of pipe was ejected from the underground pipeline and landed more than 40 feet away.

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SISSONVILLE, WV

TEST QUESTIONS

Using the PIR chart, determine the impact radius of the following incident:36 inch pipe950 psi1051 psi

CLEBURNE, TX

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CLEBURNE, TX On June 7, 2010, at 2:40 p.m., a truck-mounted power auger (auger

truck) operated by C&H Power Line Construction (C&H) struck and punctured a 36-inch-diameter natural gas transmission pipeline operated by Enterprise Products Operating, LLC (Enterprise). C&H, a contractor working for Brazos Electric (Brazos), was using the auger truck to dig holes for the installation of new electric service utility poles. The accident occurred about 45 miles southwest of Fort Worth, Texas, near the town of Cleburne. The natural gas ignited and killed the auger operator and burned six workers, who were transported to a nearby hospital for treatment. The pipeline had a maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of 1,051 pounds per square inch, gauge (psig) and was operating at 950 psig at the time of the accident. Total property damage and clean-up costs were estimated to be $1,029,000.

TEST QUESTIONS

Using the PIR chart, determine the impact radius of the following incident:12 inch400 psi

SITE EXAMPLES [12” @ 400 PSI]

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HO5-cfe

QUESTIONS?

Documents

“Pipeline Safety, Surveying and Site Development” · transportation safety operations. Pipeline and Informed Planning Alliance (PIPA) In 2007, The Pipelines and Informed Planning