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“Hot Data, Cool Trends”�3 Million Stories Conference!
Jean Cook, Future of Music Coalition @future_of_music
Why Artist Revenue Streams?!
most data policymakers see about health of music industry is based on record sales
The Data Hole
promoter!
booking agent!
radio station! advertiser!
ASCAP, BMI, SESAC!music services!
crowdfunding!
ad-supported video!label/aggregator!publisher!
TV appearance!
advertiser!
unions!
movie soundtrack!
label/aggregator!publisher!
students!
ASCAP, BMI, SESAC!
speaking!engagements!
guest artist!on someone!else’s !recording!
fan club!
grant!
guitar!endorsement!
online fans!
live fans!
radio fans!
SoundExchange!
overwhelming anecdotal evidence = pervasive industry myths
The Data Hole
commercial and non-commercial sectors seldom mix, especially when it comes to data
The Data Hole
The Artist Revenue Streams�Data Set!
promoter!
booking agent!
radio station! advertiser!
ASCAP, BMI, SESAC!music services!
crowdfunding!
ad-supported video!label/aggregator!publisher!
TV appearance!
advertiser!
unions!
movie soundtrack!
label/aggregator!publisher!
students!
ASCAP, BMI, SESAC!
speaking!engagements!
guest artist!on someone!else’s !recording!
fan club!
grant!
guitar!endorsement!
online fans!
live fans!
radio fans!
SoundExchange!
Composing Income • Publishing Advance • Mechanical Royalties • Composition Commission • Public Performance Royalties • Broadcast Commission • Synch Licenses • Sheet Music Sales • Ringtones • ASCAPlus • Publishing Settlement
Performance Income
• Salaries • Live Performance Fees
Recording Income • Label Advance • Label Support • Retail Sales • Digital Sales • Sales at Shows • DPR • AARC
Background income
• AFM Secondary Markets • SR Special Payments • AFTRA Contingent Payments • Label Settlements • Session Studio • Session Live • AFM/AFTRA Fund
The 42 Revenue Streams!
The 42 Revenue Streams!
Brand Related • Speaking Fees • Merch Sales • Fan Club • YouTube Partnership Program • Ad Revenue • Persona Licensing • Product Endorsements • Sponsorship • Acting
Knowledge of Craft • Teaching • Producer
Patronage
• Fan Funding • Grants
Other Income
• Administrator
http://money.futureofmusic.org!
• Band/artist with a lot of merch • Songwriter who does not
record, perform or tour (classical)
• Player in major orchestra • Player in member-directed
orchestra • Freelance classical musician • Classical soloist • Freelance non classical studio
musician • Freelance non classical
touring musician
Who did we talk to? • Band/artist on an indie label • Film/TV composer • Chamber music group • Jazz player and composer • Band/artist on major label • Self releasing work • Jazz player who plays existing
compositions • Hip-hop music who composes
own work, including samples • Nashville songwriter • Musician who has been
heavily sampled • Band/artist that gets played on
commercial radio
Additional Data Collected!
Professional Information • Memberships • # songwriting or recording
credits • # bands • Genre of music • Support team information • Technologies used • Roles played • Label or publisher relationship • Airplay • Amount of time spent on music
Attitudes • Impact of Technology • Comfort with Technology • How would you rather spend
your time?
Demographic • Age • Gender • Race • Education • Location
http://money.futureofmusic.org!
Data from ARS
• Over 5,300 US-based musicians, performers and composers completed the survey
• Over 81 in depth personal interviews with artists from every corner of the industry
• 5 anonymous financial case studies reviewing income and expenses for real musicians
http://money.futureofmusic.org!
How Much Are US Musicians Making?!
Average Estimated !Music Income!$34,455!
Personal gross income x % of income derived from music!
Bureau of Labor Statistics, per capita personal income for US, 2010: $39,945
1,736 respondents (32.3%) are:� spending 36+ hours a week doing music� + deriving 75% or more of income from music
Time spent vs. income earned
32% were “full time” artists
Time spent vs. income earned
Average estimated music income (EMI) “Full time” musicians (N=1736) $61,410 �
All others (N=3635) $20,563
“full time” artists earned 4x income as non-full time
Estimated Music Income ÷
# Hours Spent on Music =
“Hourly Wage”
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
None 1-5 hours 6-10 hours
11-15 hours
16-20 hours
21-25 hours
26-30 hours
31-35 hours
36-40 hours
41-45 hours
46-50 hours
51-55 hours
56-60 hours
61+ hours
Gro
ss E
stim
ated
Mus
ic In
com
e
Number of Hours Spent on Music Each Week
Gross Annual EMI by Hours Worked Jazz (N=812) Classical (N=1777) Other - Country, Folk, Rock, Urban, etc (N=2424)
Est Classical Wage = $26.42/hr Est Other Wage = $21.46/hr Est Jazz Wage = $20.84/hr
Data from Artist Revenue Streams May 2012. money.futureofmusic.org
Jazz musicians appear to have lower effective hourly wages than other genres
Revenue Streams Data!
Percent of income derived from this revenue stream in past 12 months
Distribution of income differed significantly by genre
Average Jazz Musician Income by Revenue Category Average Income
Teaching $10,551
Touring/shows/live performances fees earned by me as a solo performer, or by the bands/ensembles I'm officially a member of
$9,141
Salary as an employee of a symphony, band or ensemble $3,361
Session musician earnings, including payment for work in recording studio or for live performances, freelance work
$3,256
Other $1,455
Money from songwriting/composing including publisher advances, mechanical royalties, ASCAP/BMI/SESAC royalties, commissions, composing jingles and soundtracks, synch licensing, ringtone licensing, sheet music sales
$1,454
Money from sound recordings including sales of physical or digital recordings (iTunes, CD Baby, traditional retail, sales at shows), payments from interactive services (Rhapsody, Spotify), SoundExchange royalties, master use licensing for synchs or ringtones
$1,134
Merchandise sales t-shirts, posters, etc. $169
$30,521
Other Sources of Music Income in past 12 months
In addition to the 8 major categories, we also asked about other related income streams
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
18 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 75 or older
Gro
ss E
stim
ated
Mus
ic In
com
e +
Gro
ss In
com
e (A
nnua
l)
Respondents by Age Group
Estimated Music Income Compared to Gross Income for Jazz Musicians (AFM vs Non-AFM)
Music Income - AFM (N=422) Music Income - Non-AFM (N=390)
Gross Income AFM (N=424) Gross Income Non-AFM Gross (N=393)
Data from Artist Revenue Streams May 2012. money.futureofmusic.org
Filter: Jazz, Age, Music and Gross Income, AFM Membership
