“dug==* s=pt=x=t=I m=e ] p=>y=ukt= ÇD=]k:=r v= s=]ke:t= iv=6=”

English version of this appears at the end of this Hindi version m==\] dug==* dev=I (â) k:I Çs=Im= Çn=uk:]p== v= Çn=nt= k&:p== ke: f:D=sv=Op= “dug==* s=pt=x=t=I” n==m= s=e p=>is=3 p=>k:r[= m=e] p=>y=ukt= ÇD==Eik:k: ÇD=]k:=r v= s=]ke:t= iv=6= k:=e m=n=n= k:rn=e k:= s==EB==gy= hm=e] p=>=pt= huÇ= hE. ws=I B==v=n== s=e ws= D=eK= k:= s=]k:D=n=, j==e Op==]t=r ÇiQ=k: Ç=Er s=]k:D=n= k:m= hE, B=I huÇ= hE. y=h D=eK= iv=8=n= m=n=I{=I XI Ç=w*. ke:. t=Eim=in= 8=r= iD=iK=t= Ç]g=>ej=I p=ust=k:

“ihndU p=>t=Ik:=e] k:= Ak: p=irc=y=” p=r m=uKy= Op= s=e Ç=Q=*=irt= hE, ij=s=e v={=* âïèî m=e] “iq=y==es==eif:k:D= p=ibD=ix=]g= h=Ws=, Ç#y==r, c=enn=w*-äî” 8=r= p=>k:=ix=t= ik:y== g=y== q==. ws=ke: Çit=irkt= g=It==-p=>es= s=e p=>k:=ix=t= “k:Dy==[=” p=iF=k:= ke: v={=* âïàå ke: m=uKy= “x=ikt=-Ç]k:” m=e] idA D=eK==e] s=e B=I W2r[= idy=e g=A hE]. iv=8=n= D=eK=k:=e] k:I an=um=it= D=en=e k:I Ç=v=xy=k:t== n=hI] s=m=z=I g=w*, ky==e]ik: y=h D=eK= D==B= k:m==n=e ke: iD=A

n=hI], v=rn=< m=h=m==w* ke: g=u[=g==n= v= im=F=-s=m==j= m=e] in=/x=uDk: iv=t=r[= ke: het=U s=]k:iD=t= ik:y== g=y==. m=er= iv=xv==s= hE ik: ws= D=eK= m=e] Wd<d&t= Çx]]= j==g=Ok: p==@k: ke: Ådy= m=e] m=h=m==w* ke: p=>it= Ç=Er ÇiQ=k: X3= v= n==rI s=m==j= ke: p=>it=

Ç=Er ÇiQ=k: Ç=dr k:= s=]c==r k:re]g=e. Çt=/ ws= s=]k:D=n= k:=e m=h=m==w* Çp=n=e c=r[==e] m=e] s=m=ip=*t= st=uit=-p=u{p= m==n= k:r sv=Ik:=r k:re]. y=h j=g=d<m==t== (ä) k:= g=u[=g==n= ic=T=-sv=Oip=i[= Çimb=k:= m=h=k:=D=I Ç=id Çn=ek: n==m==e] s=e p=>is=3 s==Emy= m==t== k:I sn=eh-is=kt= Çn=uk:p==] p==n=e ke: W2exy= s=e m=h=s=rsv=t=I k:=e s=m=ip=*t= hE. m=h=m==y== m=er= y=h Çn=ur=eQ= sv=Ik:=r k:re] Ç=Er Çp=n=e c=r[==e] m=e] m=uz= ÇN=n=I k:=e sq==n= de]. m=h=m==y== k:I y=h dug==* s=pt=x=t=I n==m= s=e p=>is=3 c=irF=-g==q==, m==k*:[#ey=-p=ur=[= ke: èâ v=e] ÇQy==y= ke: ëîî xD==e]k:=e] k:= s=]g=>h hE, ij=nhe t=In= B==g==e] m=e] Ç=Er âà D=G=u ÇQy==y==e] m=e] iv=B=kt= ik:y== g=y== hE. Ç=wy=e p=hD=e m==\] dug==* ke: c=irF= k:= g=u[=g==n= k:re], Ç=Er k:q== k:= Ç=n=nd D=e].

k:q== k:I B= U im=k:=

s=urq= n==m= ke: r=j== k:=e Ws=ke: m=inF=y==e] n=e {=#y=nF= k:rke: r=jy= s=e in={k:=is=t= k:r idy==. WQ=r s=m==iQ= n==m= ke: v=Exy= k:=e B=I Ws=k:I k&:t=Gn= p=tn=I v= b=cc==e] n=e G=r s=e in={k:=is=t= k:r idy==. d=en==e] b=hut= du/K=I q=e v= ws= p=>k:=r v=e m=eQ== „i{= ke: Ç=Xm= m=e] p=hu]c=e. (g=It== m=e] m=eQ== Çq==*t= b=ui3 k:I x=r[= m=e] j==n=e k:= Ç=dex= hE. “m=n=u{y= ap=n=e m=n= a=Er b=ui3 8=r= ap=n== W3=r k:re t=q== ap=n== p=t=n= n= k:re, ky==e]ik: m=n= hI m=n=u{y= k:= im=F= B=I hE a=Er m=n= hI m=n=u{y= k:= x=F=u B=I hE. ij=s=n=e ap=n=e m=n= a=Er win7y==e] k:=ee b=ui3 8=r= j=It= iD=y== hE, Ws=ke: iD=A m=n= Ws=k:= im=F= h=et== hE, p=rnt=u ij=n=k:I win7y==] v=x= m=e] n=hI] h=et=I], Ws=ke: iD=A m=n= x=F=u ke: s=m==n= a=c==r[= k:rt== hE. (g=It== ê.îç-îê)”) v=e d=en==e] „i{= s=e p=U%n=e D=g=e, ik: he m=h=tm==, ws= j=g=t=< m=e] D==eg= ky==e] m==ehg=>st= h=e k:r WnhI] p=d=q==e*] m=e] a=s=kt= rht=e hE], j==e Wnhe] du/K= v= kD=ex= p=>d=n= k:rt=e hE]. „i{= n=e WT=r idy==, ik: y=h t==e m==n=v= j=Iv=n= k:= Ak: s==Q==r[= p=rnt=u s==v=*B==Em= d&xy=m==n= hE, ij=s=m=e] c=ik:t= h=en=e k:I k:=ew* a=v=xy=k:t== n=hI] hE. B=g=v==n= iv={[=u k:I y==eg=in=7= (t=m==eg=u[= p=>Q==n= x=ikt=) dev=I m==t== (à) m=h=m==y== B=g=v=t=I k:I aD==Eik:k: a=Er idvy= m==y== N=in=y==e] ke: ic=T= k:=e B=I

B=>im=t= k:r s=k:t=I hE. p=>=i[=y==e] k:=e y=hI m==y== s=]s==r c=k>: s=e b==Q=] det=I hE, ij=s=s=e iv=v=x= h=e k:r v=e a=s=kt= h=e j==t=e hE] a=Er du/K= z=eD=t=e hE]. r=j== p=U%t=e hE], ik: he B=g=v=n=< ij=nhe] a=p= m=h=m==y== k:ht=e hE], v=e dev=I k:=En= hE], Wn=k:= a9v=B==*v= kE:s=e hua=, t=q== Wn=ke: c=irF= k:=En=-k:=En= s=e hE], Wn=k:= kE:s== p=>B==v=, sv=Op= v= p=>=duB==*v= hE, y=h s=b= k:ihAe. „i{= n=e WT=r m=e] s=]Z=ep= m=e] b=>É=]# vy==p=I idvy= x=ikt= dev=I dug==* ke: sv=Op= k:= v=[=*n= ik:y== a=Er t=b= s=urq= a=Er s=m==iQ= v=Exy= k:=e b=t==y== ik: ik:s= p=>k:=r dev=I m==t== dev=t==a=e] k:I rZ== ke: iD=Ae b==r-b==r p=>k:! h=e k:r dEty==e] k:= iv=n==x= k:rt=I hE]. (å) dev=I m==t== ke: b==rmb==r p=>k:! h=en=e k:= rhsy= hm= ââ v=e] aQy==y= k:I aint=m= d=e p=]ikt=y==e] m=e] p== s=k:t=e hE], ij=n=m=e] dev=I m==t== n=e p=>[= ik:y== hE ik: j=b= B=I dev=t==a=e] k:I x=ikt= Z=I[= h=eg=I v= as=ur Wnhe] ap=n=I iv=n==x=k:=rI x=ikt=y==e] s=e F=st= k:re]g=e, v=e Wn=k:I s=h=y=t== ke: iD=Ae p=>k:! h=e]g=I. (ç) s=pt=x=t=I m=e] dev=I m==t== 8=r= ap=n=e ws=I p=>[= ke: p==D=n= k:I z==]k:I hE, ik: ik:s= p=>k:=r v=e p=>k:! h=e k:r s=n==t=n= Q=m=* k:I rZ== k:rt=I hE]. m=n=u{y= s=pt=x=t=I ke: p==@ 8=r= ap=n=e in=ij= sv==q=*, ik:s=I wic%t= p=d=q=* k:I k:=m=n==-p=Uit=* y== s==m==ij=k: iht==e] k:I rZ== het=U dev=I m==t== k:I x=ikt= k:= a=v==hn=< k:rt=e hE]. s=pt=x=t=I k:= iv=iQ=-iv=Q==n= p=Uv=*k: p==@ k:rn=e s=e a=xc=y=*j=n=k: Op= s=e, dEv=I x=ikt=y==\] B=I p=>=pt= h=et=e deK=I g=w* hE], a=Er as=]Ky= ihndU, a=p=d=a=e], vy==iQ=y==e] v= dir7t== a=id B=y= ke: in=v==r[= het=U ws=k:= s=h=r= D=et=e hE]. v==st=v= m=e] AEs=e k:=y==e*] ke: iD=Ae s=pt=x=t=I ke: p==@ k:=e b=$ª=v== hI idy== j==t== hE. dEv=I v= p=iv=F= x=ikt=y==e] k:= ws= p=>k:=r a=v==hn=< Wic=t= hE y== n=hI], y=h j==n=n== ws= D=eK= k:= W2exy= n=hI] hE. b=>É-iv=6= ke: j==n=k:=r (iq=y==es==eif:s!<s=<) y=h p=hD=e hI j==n=t=e a=Er m==n=t=e hE], ik: s=mp=U[=* s=pt=x=t=I m=n=u{y= ke: iv=k:=s= k>:m= k:I iv=iB=nn= av=sq==Ae] hE] a=Er dEv=I x=ikt=y==e] k:= av=t=r[= m==n=v= ke: ant=/k:r[= m=e] h=en=e p=r m=n=u{y= ap=n=I dub=*D=t==a=e] v= iv={=m=t==a=e] k:=e D==]G= k:r ap=n=I a=tm== ke: iv=k:=s= k:I ag=D=I s=I$ªI c=$ª j==t== hE. p=>t=Ik:=e] ke: s=h=re k:q== k:= andOn=I

s=]dex= den== k:=ew* n=y=I b==t= n=hI] hE. an=ek: ij=N=s=u p==@k:=e] v= s==Q=k:=e] n=e s=pt=x=t=I ke: iv=D=Z=[= xD==ek:=e] k:= g=hn= aQyy=n= k:rke: y=h p==y== hE ik: y=h g==q== Ak: k:q== m==F= n=hI] hE, v=rn=< Ådy= ke: g=hn=, a=Er g=upt= rhsy==e] k:I a=er s=]ke:t= k:rt=I hE, j==e y=h is=3 k:rt=e hE] ik: s==iTv=k: a=Er t==m=is=k: x=ikt=y==e] ke: b=Ic= an=v=rt= y=u3 c=D=t== rht== hE. y=h aiv=rD= s=]g=>=m= m=n=u{y= k:I a=Qy==itm=k: p=>g=it= k:=e b==Q== p=hu]c==t== rht== hE. k:u% s==Q=k:=e] n=e k:q== m=e] p=>y=ukt= aD=]k:=r=e] k:=e m==n=is=k: p=>g=it= ke: s==q= j==e#ªn=e k:I c=e{!= k:I hE, p=rnt=u v=e s=b= p=>y=tn= Wq=D=e hE], a=Er k:q== ke: s=B=I aD=]k:=r=e] v= D=Z=[==e] ke: rhsy==e] k:=e p=U[=* t==Er p=r Wj==g=r n=hI] k:r p==t=e. (m=eQ== „i{= ke: r=j== a=Er v=Exy= ke: s==q= s=]v==d ke: x=bd vy==k:r[= k:I 2i{! s=e, a=Qy==itm=k: a=Er an=ub=nQ=-c=t=u{!y= 6=et=k: h=en=e s=e s=rs=, s==q=*k:, s=g=B=* a=Er s=het=u hE. b=>É-N=n= k:= v=[=*n= h=en=e s=e y=h s=]v==d rs=y=ukt= v= s=rs=, r=j== a=Er v=Exy= ke: m==eh dUr k:rn=e ke: p=>y==ej=n= s=e s==q=*k:, “N=n=I j=n==e] k:=e B=I m==eh h=et== hE”, Aes== k:ht=e huAe r=j== k:= iv={=y==e] m=e] d=e{= idK==t=e huA B=I ap=n=e k:=e N=n=I k:hn=e s=e s=g=B=*, a=Er r=j== k:= „i{= s=e b=>ÉN=n= den=e k:e a=g=>h s=e s=het=u). m=n= c==ht== hE, ik: s=]s==r v==s=n== m=e] a=b=3 rhe, ik:nt=u p=>=[= c==ht=e hE] ik: B=b=v=t=<-c=r[==e] m=e] s=v=*sv= ap=*[= k:rke: c=irt==q=* h=e]. ws=I s=m=y= y=u3 k:= s=UF=p==t= h=et== hE (y==in= dev==s=ur s=]g=>=m= k:= s=UF=p==t= h=et== hE). y=h s=]g=>=m= dev=I hI k:rt=I hE].

p= >q=m=-k:q==

p=>D=y= ke: b==d m=h=iv={[=u Ak:=[=*v= m=e] y==eg=in=7= m=e] D=In= q=e a=Er Wn=k:I c=et=n==x=ikt= ant=m=u*K=I q=I. s=&i{! k:I rc=n== n=hI] huw* q=I. t=B=I d=e dEty=, m=Q=u (ê) a=Er kE:!B= (ë), iv={[=u ke k:=n==e] ke: m=ED= s=e Wtp=nn= huA. t=urnt= hI v=e b=>É= k:=e D=ID=n=e d=E#eª. b=>É= n=e B=y=B=It= h=e k:r y==eg=m==y== k:= st=v=n= a=rmB= ik:y==, ik: v=e m=h=iv={[=u k:=e y==eg=in=7= s=e W@= k:r Wn= as=ur=e] k:= iv=n==x= k:rv==Ae]. (è-y=h m=Q=ur st=v=n= ant= m=e] deK=e]) m=h=iv={[=u j==g=k:r Wn= as=ur=e] s=e b==huy=u3 k:rn=e D=g=e. çîîî v={=* t=k: y=u3 k:rn=e p=r B=I dEty= n=hI] p=r=st= huAe, a=Er iv={[=u n=e] m==y==x=ikt= k:= s=h=r= iD=y==. d=en==e] Wtp==t=I

m=h=as=ur t=b= m==y== ke: v=x= huAe, iv={[=u s=e k:hn=e D=g=e, ik: hm= t=umh=re x==Ey=* s=e b=hut= p=>s=nn= hE], t=um= v=r m==]g==e. iv={[=u n=e k:h= - y=id a=p= p=>s=nn= hE] t==e m=ere h=q= s=e m=&ty=u k:=e p=>=pt= h=ewy=e. iv={[=u ke: j==D= m=e] f:]s=e d=en==e dEty==e] n=e k:h= ik: a=p= hm=e] s=UK=I p=&qv=I p=r m==iry=e. t=b= iv={[=u n=e Wnhe] ap=n=I j=]G== p=r rK= k:r c=k>: s=e Wn=k:= v=Q= k:r idy==. ws= k:q== s=e t=In= in={k:{=* in=k:D=t=e hE] –- b=>É= k:=e iF=g=u[==t=It= p=rm==tm== x=ikt= k:= N=n=, p=>k&:it= ke: t=In==e] g=u[==e] ke: k:=y=* k:= N=n=, a=Er m=Q=u-kE:!B= aq==*t= s=uk&:t=-du{k&:t= m=e] in=m=*m=tv= t=q== Ws=ke: in=m=U*D=n= k:= p=>y=tn=. g=It== m=e] B=I XI B=g=v==n=< n=e Aes== hI k:h= hE -

j=b= iv=v=ek:I m=n=u{y= t=In==e] g=u[==e] ke: ait=irkt= ik:s=I any= k:=e k:t==* n=hI] s=m=z=t== hE t=q== g=u[==e] s=e p=re m=uz= p=rm==tm== k:=e t=Tv= s=e j==n= D=et== hE, Ws= s=m=y= v=h m=ere sv=Op= aq==*t=< s==Opy= m=uikt= k:=e p=>=pt= k:rt== hE. (g=It== âå.âï / à.äë, ç.îï, âà.äï B=I deK=e])

v==st=v= m=e] s=]s==r ke: s==re k:=y=* p=>k&:it= m==] ke: g=u[ =Op=I p=rm=exv=r k:I x=ikt= ke: 8=r= hI ik:A j==t=e hE], p=rnt=u aN=n=v=x= m=n=u{y= ap=n=e a=p=k:=e hI k:t==* s=m=z= D=et== hE (t=q== k:m=*f:D= k:I a=s=ikt=Op=I b=nQ=n==e] s=e b=Q]= j==t== hE. m=n=u{y= t==e p=rm= x=ikt= ke: h=q= k:I ke:v=D= Ak: k:@p=ut=D=I m==F= hE). (g=It== à.äë / ç.îï, âà.äï, âå.âï B=I deK=e])

k:m=*f:D= k:I a=s=ikt= ty==g=k:r k:m=* k:rn=e v==D== in={k:=m= k:m=*y==eg=I ws=I j=Iv=n= m=e] p==p= a=Er p=u[y= s=e m=ukt= h=e j==t== hE, ws=iD=A t=um= in={k:=m= k:m=*y==eg=I b=n==e. (f:D= k:I a=s=ikt= s=e as=f:D=t== k:= B=y= h=et== hE, ij=s=ke: k:=r[= k:m=* ac%I t=rh n=hI] h=e p==t== hE.) in={k:=m= k:m=*y==eg= k:=e hI ku:x=D=t== p=Uv=*k: k:m=* k:rn== k:ht=e hE]. (g=It== ä.çî) (aq=*=t= b=ui3m==n= m=n=u{y= s=uk&:t=-du{k&:t=k:=e %=e#ªt== hE) dug==*-s=pt=x=t=I m=e] B=I m=Q=u-kE:!B= ke: n==x=

k:= m=h=tm=y= s=un=n=e k:= p=>q=m=f:D= du{k&:t= k:= n==x= hI k:h= g=y== hE. v==st=v= m=e] s=uk&:t=-du{k&:t= d=en==e] hI x==int=-m==g=* m=e] du{k&:t= Op= hE] – dug==*-s=pt=x=t=I âä.ä-ç)

i8t=Iy= k:q==

Ak: b==r m=ih{==s=ur n==m= k:= dEty= aty=iQ=k: x=ikt=x==D=I b=n= b=E@= a=Er Ws=n=e sv=g=* s=e dev=t==a=e] k:=e K=deª#ª k:r sv=g=* p=r aiQ=k:=r k:r iD=y==. Ws= p=r dev=t== Ak: dD= b=n== k:r b=>É= ke: n=et=&tv= m=e] iv={[=u a=Er ix=v= s=e im=D=e. ws= ix=k:=y=t= p=r d=en==e] dev=t==a=e] k:=e m=ih{==s=ur p=r b=hut= k>:=eQ= a=y==, a=Er Wn=ke: t=q== any= dev=t==a=e] ke: x=rIr s=e Ak:-Ak: jy==eit= in=k:D=I. wn= jy==eit=y==e] n=e im=D= k:r dev=I k:= Op= Q==r[= ik:y==. dev=I k:I a=B== n=e s=mp=U[=* b=>É=]# k:=e a=D==eik:t= k:r idy==. (ï dev=I ke: ws= a=xc=y=*j=n=k: Op= k:= v=[=*n= ant= m=e] deK=e]) t=b= s=B=I dev=t==a=e] n=e dev=I k:=e Ak:-Ak: a=y=uQ= y== aD=]k:=r p=>d=n= ik:y==. ws= p=>k:=r s=us=ijj=t= h=e k:r dev=I n=e G==er n==d x=bd ik:y==, ij=s=s=e s=mp=U[=* b=>É=]# g=u]j==y=m==n= h=e W@=. ws= B=y=]k:r n==d k:=e s=un=k:r m=ih{==s=ur ap=n=I s=en== D=e k:r n==d ke: sF==et= k:=e $ªU]$ªn=e c=D= p=#ª=. dev=I ke: p==s= p=hu]c= k:r Ws=n=e deK== ik: dev=I as=]Ky= a=y=uQ==e] s=e s=us=ijj=t= h=e k:r c==r=e] a=er ap=n=I B= uj==Ae ] fE:D==A K=#ªI hE]. (“he m=h=tm=n=<, sv=g=* a=Er p=&qv=I ke: b=Ic= k:= y=h s=mp=U[=* a=k:=x= t=q== s=m=st= idx==A] ke:v=D= a=p=s=e hI vy==pt= hE]. a=p=ke: ws= aD==Eik:k: a=Er B=y=]k:r Op= k:=e deK=k:r t=In==e] D==ek: B=y=B=It= h=e rhe hE]” (g=It== ââ.äî) “t=q== m=E] a=p=k:=e m=uku:! Q==r[= ik:y=e huA t=q== g=d= a=Er c=k>: h=q= m=e] iD=A huA deK=n== c==ht== hU]. ws=iD=A he iv=r=!<Op=, he s=hs= > b==h= e, a=p= ap=n=e c=t=uB=*uj=Op= m=e] p=>k:! h=e].” (g=It== ââ.åê) dEty==e] n=e t=urnt= dev=I p=r a=k>:m=[= k:r idy== a=Er m=h=B=y=]k:r p=>D=y=]k:=rI y=u3 a=rmB= h=e g=y==. k:q== m=e] a=g=e y=u3 k:= r=ec=k: v=[=*n= hE a=Er hm=e] iv=idt= h=et== hE, ik: ik:s= p=>k:=r dev=I ke: p=>ty=ek: xv==s= s=e B=D=I-B==]it= s=us=ijj=t= D=#ª=k:U p=Ed= h=e k:r dEty= s=en== k:= iv=n==x= k:rn=e D=g=e.

j=b= m=ih{==s=ur n=e ap=n=I s=en== k:= ws= p=>k:=r iv=n==x= h=et=e deK== t==e k>:=eiQ=t= h=e k:r B=E]s=e k:= Wg=> Op= Q==r[= ik:y== (ws= op= ke: k:=r[= hI Ws=k:= n==m= m=ih{==s=ur p=#=) a=Er dev=I k:I a=er B=y=]k:r t=ej=I s=e d=E#ª=. dev=I n=e j=Es=e hI Ws=e ap=n=I a=er a=t=e deK==, Wnh=e]n=e ap=n== p==x= Ws=ke: g=D=e m=e] fE:]k: k:r Ws=e b==\]Q= idy==. t=b= m=ih{==s=ur n=e Ak: ke: b==d Ak: k:w* Op= Q==r[= ik:y=e. ant= m=e] j=Es=e hI v=h if:r s=e B=E]s=e k:= Op= Q==r[= k:r rh= q==, dev=I n=e ap=n=e p==x= s=e j=k:#ª k:r Ws=k:= v=Q= k:r idy==. b=c=e-K=uc=e dEty= p==t==D= a=id in=c=D=e D==ek:=e] m=e] B==g= g=y=e. dev=t==g=[= b=hut= hi{=*t= huAe a=Er dev=I k:I st=uit= k:I (âî st=uit= ant= m=e] deK=e]). dev=I n=e s=]t=u{! h=e k:r dev=t==a=e] s=e v=r m==]g=n=e k:=e k:h=. dev=t==g=[= b==eD=e, he deiv=, a=p=n=e m=ih{==s=ur k:=e m==r k:r hm= p=r b=hut= Wp=k:=r ik:y== hE. if:r B=I y=id a=p= p=>s=nn= hE] t==e a=p= y=h v=r de] ik: hr iv=p=iT= ke: s=m=y= a=p= hm=e] aB=y= p=>d=n= k:re]g=I. dev=I Aes== hI v=rd=n= de k:r ant=*Qy==n= h=e g=w*]. Ws= p=>k:=r dUs=re B==g= k:I k:q== y=h=\] s=m==pt= h=et=I hE. ws= k:q== m=e] p==\]c= b==t=e hE] –- â d ev==s= ur s= ] g= > =m= (p=>k&:it=j= g=u[=F=y= k:= p=>B==v= - deiK=A g=It== âè.åî p=&qv=I p=r aq=v== sv=g=* ke: dev=t==a=e] m=e] k:=ew* B=I p=>=[=I p=>k&:it= ke: wn= t=In= g=u[==e] s=e m=ukt= h=ek:r n=hI] rh s=k:t== hE., ä d e v =t==a= e ] k:I p=r=j=y= (s=Tv=g=u[= a=Er rj==eg=u[= k:=e t=m==eg=u[= 8=r= db== D=en==, deiKA g=It== ë.âà “p=>k&:it= ke: wn= t=In==e] g=u[ ==e] ke: k:=y==e*] s=e y=h s==r= s=]s==r B=>im=t= rht== hE, at=/ m=n=u{y= wn= g=u[==e] s=e p=re m=uz= aiv=n==x=I p=rm==tm== k:=e n=hI] j==n=t== hE” a=Er âå.âî “he aj=u*n=, k:B=I rj==eg=u[= a=Er t=m==eg=u[= k:=e db==k:r s=t==eg=u[=, k:B=I s=t==eg=u[= a=Er t=m==eg=u[= k:=e db==k:r rj==eg=u[= t=q== k:B=I s=t==eg=u[= a=Er rj==eg=u[= k:=e db==k:r t=m==eg=u[= b=$ªt== hE.”), à hir k:I x=ikt= k:= a=Xy= D= e n = = (deiK=A g=It== ë.äè “in={k:=m= B==v= s=e ac%e k:m=* k:rn=e v==D=e ij=n= m=n=u{y==e] ke: s==re p==p= n={! h= e g=y=e h]E, v=e r=g=-8e{= j=in=t= B=>m= s=e m=ukt= h=ek:r ¡$ªin=xc=y= k:r m=erI B=ikt= k:rt=e hE].” å d ev=t==a= e ] k e : t= ej= k:= Ak:Tv= a= Er Ws= Ak:iF=t= t= ej= s= e as= ur= e ] k:= p=r=ij=t= h= e n==. m=ih{= k:=m= y== wc%= k:=e B=I k:ht=e hE]. y=hI wc%= y=id p=rm==tm==m=e] D=g=I rhe t==e k:Dy==[=d=iy=in= h=et=I hE a=Er B==eg==id m=e] D=g=I rhe t==e iv=Gn=sv=Op== hE, ç d e v=t==a= e ] k:I st= u it= a= Er v=r p= > = ipt=. dev=t==a=e] k:I st=uit= s=e y=h sp={! hE ik: dev=v=&nd d=e{=v=x= y==n=I k:=m=, k>:=eQ=, r=g=, 8e{==id ke: v=x=IB=Ut=

h=ek:r Ws= a=6-x=ikt= k:=e B=UD= g=A q=e. g=It== m=e] B=I B=g=v==n=< k:ht=e hE] - he aj=*un=, r=g= a=Er 8e{= s=e Wtp=á (s=uK=-du/K==id) 8n8 8=r= B=>im=t= s=B=I p=>=[=I aty=nt= aNt== k:=e p=>=pt= h=et=ee hE]; p=rnt=u in={k:=m= B==v= s=e ac%e k:m=* k:rn=e v==D=e ij=n= m=n=u{y==e] ke: s==re p==p= n={! h=e g=y=e h]E, v=e r=g=-8e{= j=in=t= B=>m= s=e m=ukt= h=ek:r ¡$ªin=xc=y= k:r m=erI B=ikt= k:rt=e hE]. (ë.äë-äè)

t= &t=Iy=-k:q==

ws= B==g= k:I k:q== s=b=s=e D=mb=I a=Er aD=]k:=r t=q== D=Z=[=-iv=6= ke: an=us==r s=v=*=iQ=k: m=hTv=p=U[=* hE. ws= B==g= m=e] dev=I d=e dEty==e], x=umB= a=Er in=x=umB= ke: iv=n==x= ke: iD=Ae p=>k:! h=et=I hE]. y=e d=en==e] dEty= aty=iQ=k: x=ikt=x==D=I v= Wtp==t=I q=e. sv=g=* s=e dev=t==a=e] k:=e B=g== k:r y=e m=n=m==n=I k:rt=e q=e. dev=t==a=e] n=e dev=I ke: p=Uv=* v=rd=n= k:=e y==d k:rke: dev=I k:= a=v==hn=< ik:y==. dev=I p==v=*t=I ke: Op= m=e] p=>k:! huw*] a=Er ap=n=e a=v==hn=< k:= W2exy= j==n= k:r dEty==e] p=r b=hut= k>:=eiQ=t= huw*]. t=urnt= Wn=ke: Ak: ax=] s=e aimb=k:= k:= p=>=k:!<y= hua=. K=ud dev=I n=e p=U[=*t=y== k:=D== a=Er v=IB=ts=, k:=iD=k:= dev=I k:= Op= Q==r[= ik:y==. aimb=k:= k:=e d=e dEty==e], c=[# a=Er m=u[#, n=e deK==. v=e t=urnt= x=umB= ke: p==s= g=Ae a=Er aimb=k:= dev=I ke: ai8t=Iy= Op= k:= v=[=*n= ik:y==. ws= p=r x=umB= n=e s=ug=>Iv= n==m=k: ap=n=e vy=ikt=g=t= c==k:r s=e k:h= ik: v=h t=urnt= aimb=k:= ke: p==s= j== k:r y=uikt=p=Uv=*k: Ws=e x=umB= k:I r=n=I b=n=n=e k:=e m=n==Ae. s=ug=>Iv= k:=e aimb=k:= n=e k:h= - “m=E] p=>it=N=-b=3 hU] ik: Ws=I ke: s==q= iv=v==h k:O\]g=I j==e m=uz=e y=u3 m=e] hr= de.” x=umB= y=h s=un= k:r aty=nt= k>:=eiQ=t= hua=, a=Er Ws=n=e Q=Um=>D==ec=n= k:=e y=h a=dex= idy== ik: v=h s=en==s=iht= j== k:r aimb=k:= k:=e b=D=p=Uv=*k: hr D==Ae. Q=Um=>D==ec=n= k:=e dev=I n=e m==F= Ak: hu\]k:=r s=e m==r #=D==. t=dn=nt=r Ak: a=Er b=#ªI s=en== c=[# a=Er m=u[# ke: a=Q=In= B=ej=I g=w*. aimb=k:= n=e aty=nt= Z=ubQ= h=e k:r ap=n=e D=D==! s=e m=h= iv=k:r=D=-m=uK=I k:=D=I dev=I k:=e p=>k:! ik:y==. ij=vh= D=p=D=p==t=I k:=D=I n=e Z=[= B=r m=e] c=[# a=Er m=u[# k:I s=en== k:= iv=n==x= k:rke:, “h]” x=bd k:= Wcc==r[= k:rke: c=[# a=Er m=u[# k:=e

t=D=v==r s=e m==r ig=r=y==. aimb=k:= n=e ws= p=r p=>s=á h=e k:r k:=D=I k:=e “c==m=u[#=” n==m= s=e p=uk:=r=. ab= m=h=x=ikt=x==D=I x=umB= y=u3 ke: iD=Ae p=>st=ut= hua=. ws= p=r B=y=]k:r k:=eD==hD= hua= a=Er s=B=I dev=t==a=e] k:I xikt=y==\] m=UT=* Op= D=e k:r y=u3 m=e] B==g= D=en=e k:=e a= K=#ªI huw*]. b=>É= k:I b=>É=[=I x=ikt=, m=h=dev= k:I m==heSv=rI a=ikt=, k:=iT=*ke:y= k:I x=ikt=Op== j=g=dimb=k:= x=ikt=, B=g=v==n=< XI iv={[=u k:I v=E{[=v=I x=ikt=, XI hir k:I v==r=hI x=ikt=, B=g=v==n=< n=&is=]h k:I n==ris=]hI s=ikt=, wn7 k:I Aen7I x=ikt=, a=id x=ikt=y==\] y=u3 m=e] B==g= D=en=e a= p=hu]c=I. t=b= m=h=dev= j=I n=e dev=I c=i[#k:= s=e as=ur=e] ke: iv=n==x= ke: iD=Ae p=>=q=*n== k:I. dev=I n=e dEty==e] k:=e aint=m= av=s=r den=e ke: iD=Ae, ix=v= j=I k:=e dEty==e] ke: p==s= B=ej== (a=Er ws= p=>k:=r ix=v= k:=e dUt= ke: Op= m=e] B=ej=n=e ke: k:=r[= ix=v=dUt=I k:hD==w*]).

dEty==e] n=e a=k>:m=[= k:r idy==, a=Er s=b=s=e p=hD=e k:=D=I a=Er c=i[#k:= n=e im=D= k:r rkt=b=Ij= k:= v=Q= k:r idy==. (s=]g= s=e k:=m= k:I Wtp=iT= h=et=I hE, at=/ j=b= rkt=b=Ij= k:= rkt=-ib=ndu B=Uim=p=r ig=rt== q== t==e an=ek: rkt=b=Ij= Wtp=nn= h=e j==t=e q=e. ws=k:= y=hI a=Qy==itm=k: rhsy= hE. deiK=A g=It== ä.êä iv={=y==e] k:= ic=nt=n= k:rn=e s=e iv={=y==e] m=]e a=s=ikt= h=et=I hE, a=s=ikt= s=e (iv={=y==e] ke: s=ev=n= k:rn=e k:I) wc%= Wtp=á h=et=I hE a=Er wc%= (p=UrI n=hI}]] h=en=ee) s=e k>:=eQ= h=et== hE.) t=t=<p=xc==t=< in=x=umB= m==r= g=y==. c=i[#k:= n=e x=umB= k:=e B=y=]k:r a=G==t= p=hu]c==y==. h=ex= m=e] a=n=e p=r x=umB= b==eD== - “he du{! dug=e*, t=U b=#ªI m==in=in= hE, p=rnt=u m=uz= ake:D=e p=r t=U dUs=rI isF=y==e] ke: s==q= im=D= k:r a=G==t= k:rt=I hE”. t=b= dev=I b==eD=I], “m=E] t==e ake:D=I hI hU\], (ââ deK=e]) a=Er deK=, y=e m=erI s=b= iv=B=Uit=y==\] m=ere andr p=>v=ex= k:r rhI hE]. m=E] ab= t=uz=s=e ake:D=e hI y=u3 k:O]g=I.” deiK=A g=It== - he aj=u*n=, m=erI idvy= iv=B=Uit=y==e] k:= t==e ant= hI n=hI] hE. m=E]n=e t=umh]e ap=n=I iv=B=Uit=y==e] ke: iv=st==r k:= v=[=*n= s=]Z=ep= m=e]e k:h= hE. (âî.åî) j==e B=I iv=B=Uit=y=ukt=, k:=int=y=ukt= a=Er x=ikt=y=ukt= v=st=u hE, Ws=e t=um= m=ere t=ej= ke: Ak: a]x= s=e hI Wtp=á huw* s=m=z==e. (âî.åâ) Aes== k:ht=e hI s=b= dev=t==a=e] 8=r= B=ej=I g=w* x=ikt=y==\], j==e y=u3 m=e] B==g= D=en=e p=>st=ut= huw* q=I], ad&xy= h=e g=w*] a=Er dev=I ake:D=I rh g=w*]. if:r dev=I a=Er x=umB= ke: b=Ic= G=m==s==n= y=u3

hua= ij=s=m=e] s=B=I p=>k:=r ke: idvy= a=y=uQ= p=>y=ukt= huAe. ant= m=e] a=y=uQ= B=I %=e#ª k:r ke:v=D= b==huy=u3 hua=. x=umB= a=k:=x= m=e] W#ª g=y== p=rnt=u ant= m=e] dev=I n=e Ws=k:= v=Q= k:r idy==. j=b= dEty==e] k:= iv=n==x= h=e g=y==, t=b= dev=t==a=e] n=e aty=nt= m=Q=ur st=uit=y==\] dev=I ke: y=x= m=e] g==w*]. y=h st=uit=y==\] dEv=I x=ikt=y==e] ke: d=x=*in=k: v= Q==im=*k: sv=Op==e] k:=e Wj==g=r k:rt=I hE] v= B=kt==e] ke: Ådy==e] k:=e at=Iv= a=n=nd s=e s=r=b==er k:r det=I hE]. dev=t==g=[= B=I ap=n=e in=ij= sv==q==e*] s=e ~p=r W@ k:r s=v==*]g=I[= iht==e] ke: b==re m=e] s==ec=t=e idK==w* det=e hE]. dev=t==g=[==e] ke: ws= p=>k:=r st=uit= k:rn=e ke: b==d dev=I if:r p=>k:! h=en=e k:= a=xv==s=n= de k:r ad&xy= h=e j==t=I hE]. ws= p=>k:=r m=eQ== „i{= 8=r= r=j== s=urq= v= s=m==iQ= v=Exy= k:=e s=un==w* g=w* k:q== s=m==pt= h=et=I hE. m=eQ== „i{= r=j== s=urq= v= s=m==iQ= v=Exy= k:=e s=mm=it= det=e hE] ik: Wnhe] ap=n=e du/K==e] ke: in=v==r[= ke: iD=Ae dev=I k:I x=r[= m=e] j==n== c==ihAe. d=en==e] n=e in=xc=y= ik:y== ik: dev=I k:I ac=*n==-p=Uj== v= t=p=sy== k:rn=I c==ihAe t==ik: dev=I dx=*n= p==Ae j== s=ke:]. s==Q=n== p=UrI h=en=e p=r dev=I n=e Wnhe dx=*n= ideAe. r=j== n=e ap=n== K==ey== r=jy= v==ip=s= p==y== a=Er s=m==iQ= v=Exy= n=e m==eZ= k:I k:=m=n== k:I. dev=I n=e Wn=k:I k:=m=n==Ae] p=UrI k:I a=Er ad&xy= h=e g=w*]. dev=I n=e dev=t==a=e] k:=e y=h y=h v=r B=I p=>d=n= ik:y== ik: j=b=-j=b= s=]s==r m=e] d=n=v=I b==Q== Wp=isq=t= h=eg=I t=b=-t=b= av=t==r D=e k:r m=E] x=F=ua=e] k:= s=]h=r k:O]g=I. (dug==* s=pt=x=t=I aQy==y= ââ.çå-çç. a=Er deiK=A – “he aj=*un=, j=b=-j=b= s=]s==r m=e] Q=m=*k:I h=in= a=Er aQ=m=* k:I v=&i3 h=et=I hE, t=b=-t=b= ac%e D==eg==e] k:I rZ==, du{!=e] k:= s=]h=r t=q== Q=m=* s=]sq==p=n== ke: iD=A m=E], p=rb=>É p=rm==tm==, hr y=ug= m=e] av=t=irt= h=et== hU]. (g=It== å.îë-îè)” y=h=\] p=r dug==* s=pt=x=t=I k:I g==q== B=I s=m==pt= h=et=I hE. ws= g==q== k:=e p=$ª k:r k:=ew* B=I y=h in={k:{=* in=k:=D= s=k:t== hE, ik: ws=m=e] j=Or k:u% aD=]k:=r v= s=]ke:t= iv=6m==n= hE], any=q== y=h Ak: in=r=Q==r v= in=rq=*k: p==Er=i[=k: k:q== m==F= rh j==Aeg=I. p=rnt=u ws= k:q== ke: andOn=I aq==e*] k:=e s=m=z=n== a=s==n= n=hI] hE, a=Er ws=k:I ix=Z==a=e] k:=e s=ty= s=e j==e#ªn==, j==eik: ws= k:q== k:= m=UD= W2exy= hE, t==e a=Er B=I k:i@n= hE.

k:q== k:= p=>q=m= B==g= in=xc=y= hI ws=I t=qy= v= p=>s=]g= k:I a=er wx==r= k:rt== hE. b=>É=, j==eik: dev==tm== k:= p=>t=Ik: hE] a=Er p=>k&:it= m=e] Wcc= m=n=s=< ke: Op= m=e] hE], iv={[=u k:I a=r=Q=n== k:rt=e hE] ik: v=e wn= d=en==e] x=F=ua=e], m=Q=u a=Er kE:!B=, win7y=-s=uK= a=Er s=T== k:I k:=m=n==, s=e Wn=k:I rZ== k:re]. in=xc=y= hI iv={[=u k:= n=I]d s=e j==g=n== hI, j=Iv==tm== m=e] iv=v=ek: k:I x=ikt= k:= j==g=n== hE. j=b= b=ui3 a=Er iv=v=ek: k:I c==e! m=n=s=< p=r p=#ªt=I hE, t=b= hI j=Iv==tm== g=hre aN=n= Op=I anQ=ere s=e j==g= j==t== hE a=Er ij=s= aN=n=, aiv=v=ek: a=Er B=>m= m=e] v=h p=#ª= hE, Ws=e p=hc==n= k:r v=h, a=]ix=k: Op= s=e hI, a=m= wns==n=I ij=ndg=I ke: b=nQ=n==e] k:=e k:=! k:r a=Qy==tm= ke: Z=eF= m=e] k:dm= rK=t== hE. ws= p=>k:=r j=Iv==tm== ke: iv=k:=s= k:e k>:m= k:= s=f:r x=uO h=e j==t== hE a=Er v=h a=Qy==itm=k: Wnn=it= ke: p=q= p=r c=D= p=#ªt== hE. m=Q=u-kE:!B= k:I k:q== m=e] s=b=s=e m=n==er]j=k: B==g= v=h hE, j=b= v=e d=en==e] iv={[=u s=e k:ht=e hE], ik: v=rd=n= m==]g==e, a=Er ws= p=>k:=r ap=n== Z=y= K=ud k:r b=E@t=e hE]. m=n=u{y= k:= in=mn= m=n= K=ud hI t==e iv=v=ek: ke: 8=r= Wcc= st=r k:I a=Qy==itm=k: x=ikt=y==e] k:I c==h m=e] a=Er s=UZm=t=r m==n=is=k: s=uK= $]Uª$ªt== hua= ap=n== g=D== K=ud hI k:=! det== hE. y=h a=m= t==Er p=r deK== g=y== hE ik: a=Qy==tm= ke: Z=eF= m=e] s=IQ== p=>v=ex= n=hI] h=et==. m=n=u{y= aiQ=k:t=r k:!<!r Q==im=*k:t==v==dI D==eg==e] s=e iG=re a=m= D==eg==e] p=r ap=n== p=>B==v= j=m==n=e ke: iD=Ae hI, s=UZm=t=r D==ek:=e] k:I K==ej= m=e] y== rhsm=y=I x=ikt=y==e] k:=e p==n=e k:I c==h m=e] hI ws= j=g=t=< m=e] p=>v=ex= k:rn== c==ht=e hE]. (m==n=v=-p=>k&:it= ke: d=e st=r hE]. n=Ic=e k:I t=h m=e] Ws=m=e] Ws=ke: sq=UD= x=rIr k:I v==s=n==A\] a=Er iv=k:=r rht=e hE a=Er ~p=rI t=h m=e] Ws=ke: idvy= p=u[y=-g=u[=. a=s=urI v= t==m=is=k: v=&iT=y==e] p=r j=y= p=>=pt= k:rn=e ke: Wp=r=nt= s==iTv=k:, b==Ei3k: aq=v== Wcc= v=&iT=y==e] s=e p=irc=y= h=e j==t== hE, a=Er Ws=k:I Wd=T= x=ikt=y==e] k:= iv=k:=s= h=en=e D=g=t== hE. t=b= v=h w*Sv=r ke: s==q= t==d=tm=y= sq==ip=t= k:rn=e y==egy= h=e j==t== hE) Wcc= D==ek:=e] ke: iv={=y= m=e] a=Er j==n=k:=rI p=>=pt= k:rn=e k:I wc%=, a=Er Ws= an=uB=v= s=e D==B= W@=n=e k:I k:=m=n== hI v=&iT=y==e] p=r in=y=nF=[= k:rn=e a=Er iv=v=ek:x=ID= t=q== p=iv=F= B==v= Q==r[= k:rn=e k:=e p=>eirt= k:rt=I hE. j=b= s=hI m==y=n=e m=e] iv=v=ek: j==g=>t= h=e j==t== hE, t=b= v=h win7y=-s=uK= p==n=e k:I k:=m=n== k:=e a=Er n== ke:v=D=

in=c=D=e D==ek:=e] m=e], b=iDk: Wcc= D==ek:=e] m=e] B=I p=>B=utv= p==n=e k:I D==D=s== k:=e B=I dUr k:r det== hE. s=ty= j==n=n=e k:I wc%= a=Er s=b= wc%=a=e] k:=e db== det=I hE. hm= p==t=e hE] ik: v==s=n== a=Er k:=m=n==-p=Uit=* sv=y=] ap=n=e a=p= k:=e K=tm= k:r ke: m=Q=u-kE:!B= k:I k:q== k:=e c=irt==q=* k:rt=I hE. iv=v=ek: ke: j==g=>t= h=en=e v= ws=k:= ku:% iv=k:=s= h=en=e ke: b==d j=Iv==tm== ke: iv=k:=s= m=e] p=hD=I Ok:=v=!=e] ke: Op= m=e] m=n= k:I p==x=iv=k: p=>v=&iT=y==\] a=Er in=mn= m=n= k:I aip=>y= k:=m=n==A\] s==m=n=e a=t=I hE]. Aes== ws=iD=Ae h=et== hE, ik: iv=v=ek: ac%e-b=ure k:I p=hc==n= t==e k:r= s=k:t== hE, p=rnt=u in=y=nF=[= n=hI] k:r s=k:t==. at=/ j=b= ij=N=s=u j=Iv==tm== y=h m=hs=Us= k:rn=e D=g=t=I hE, ik: ab= Ws=e ap=n== iv=k:=s= k:rn== hE, t=b= s=u{=upt= aQ=UrI k:=m=n==A\] B=I j==g= W@t=I hE] a=Er in=mn= a=Er Wcc= p=>v=&iT=y==e] ke: b=Ic= y=u3 i%#ª j==t== hE. an=ek: p==F==e] v= vy=ikt=tv==e] ke: b=Ic= k:= y=u3 hE y=h a=Er j=Iv==tm== k:=e iv=iB=nn= st=r=e] p=r y=h y=u3 D=#ªn== p=#ªt== hE. an=ek: m==ec==e*] p=r c=D= rh= y=h y=u3 x=uO m=e] t==e s==Q==r[= m==n=is=k: b=D= p=r D=#ª= j== s=k:t== hE, a=Er m=n=s=< k:I db=I huw* s==iTv=k: x=ikt=y==e] ke: a=v==hn=< k:I a=v=xy=k:t== n=hI] h=et=I. ant= m=e] db=I huw* x=ikt=y==e] ke: b=D= p=r hI y=h y=u3 j=It== j==t== hE. s=cc=I a=tm=in=B=*rt== in=mn= st=r k:I x=ikt=y==e] p=r in=B=*rt== n=hI] h=et=I, p=rnt=u dEv=I x=ikt=y==e] v= ant=r=tm== m=e] b=s=I dev==tm== k:= s=cc== a=Er k:B=I n== s=m==pt= h=en=e v==D== sF==et= hE. aQ=m= a=Er Wcc=, in=m=*D= v=&iT=y==e] k:= y=h y=u3 k:B=I k:B=I D=mv== c=D=t== hE, p=rnt=u Q=Irt== s=e a=Er dEv=I x=ikt=y==e] p=r p=U[=* X3= s=e ant=t=/ j=Iv==tm== iv=j=y=I h=et== hE. in=mn= v=&iT=y==e] k:= in=r=eQ= h=et== hE a=Er v=h if:r j=Iv==tm== p=r h=v=I n=hI] h=e p==t=I]. Q=Im=e-Q=Im=e a=Er B=I t==m=is=k: p=>v=&iT=y==e] k:= hn=n= h=et== j==t== hE, a=Er j=Iv==tm== ke: s=UZm= x=rIr, m=n==em=y=-k:=e{=, s=UZm=-b=ui3, N=n= a=id k:= y=q==eic=t= Wtk:{=* h=et== j==t== hE. s==]s==irk: s=uK==e] k:I ic=nt==, iv={=y=-v==s=n==a=e] k:I p=Uit=* a=id m=e] s=]D=gn= m=n=u{y= k:I ku:[#iD=in= x=ikt=, j==eik: m=n=u{y= ke: B=It=r rhn=e v==D=e j=Iv==tm== k:= n==rI Op= hE, an=ek: j=nm==e] t=k: s==ew* rht=I hE. ws= p=>k:=r an=ek:=n=ek: j=nm==e] t=k: s=uK= v= du/K= k:= an=uB=v= k:rt=e k:rt=e m=n=u{y= k:=e a=iK=rk:=r wn=k:I in=rq=*k:t== m=hs=Us= h=et=I hE, a=Er y=h

N=n= h=et== hE ik: ws= x=rIr ke: p==r B=I k:=ew* m=ht=I v=st=u-p=d=q=* hE, j==e p==n=e ke: y==egy= hE, a=Er j==e hm==r= aint=m= Qy=ey= hE. Ws=e m=hs=Us= h=et== hE ik: x==xv=t= x=ikt= t==e Ws=ke: sv=y=] ke: B=It=r hE, ij=s=e v=h j=b= c==he p=>=pt= k:r s=k:t== hE. (x==sF==e] m=e] p=\]=c= k:=e{==e] k:= WDD=eK= hE - ann=m=y= k:=e{=, p=>=[=m=y= k:=e{=, m=n==em=y= k:=e{=, iv=N=n=m=y= k:=e{= a=Er a=n=nd m=y= k:=e{=. vy=i{!Op= m=e] j=Iv= wn= k:=e{==e] m=e] k>:m=x=/ p=hu\]c=t== hE. Ws=k:= sq=UD=-deh ann=m=y=k:=e{= hE, a=tm== k:= ann=m=y= k:=e{= hE y=h iv=r=!< b=>É=]#. Ws=k:= p=>=[=m=y= k:=e{= hE s=&i{!-isq=it=-ik>:y== x=ikt=. Ws=k:= m=n==em=y= k:=e{= hE n==n== B==v= m=e] vy=kt= h=en=e k:= s=]k:Dp=. iv=N=n=m=y= k:=e{= hE v=h N=n= j==e b=hutv= ke: s=]k:Dp= k:=e Q==r[= k:r rh= hE. Ws=k:= a=n=nd m=y= k:=e{= in=r= a=n=nd m=y= hE. y=hI j=g=t=< k:= b=Ij= avy=kt=Op= m=e] rht== hE. iv=r=!< iv=N=n=m=y=k:=e{= hI sv=g=*D==ek: hE. y=id j=Iv= vy=i{!-iv=N=n=m=y= k:=e{= m=e] av=sq==n= k:r s=ke: t==e v=h an==y==s= hI sv=g=*D==ek: k:=e p=>=pt= k:r s=k:t== hE. XI c=[#I t=Tv= ws= iv=N=n=m=y= k:=e{= k:I s=Q=n== hE. g=It== ke: aQy==y= âå a=Er ws= D=eK= ke: ant= m=e] idA dev=I s=Ukt= ë k:=e B=I deK=e]) ku:[#iD=in= x=ikt= ke: j==g=>t= h=en=e p=r v=h B=It=r k:I idvy= c=et=n== k:=e in=mn= Xe[=I s=e ~p=r k:I a=er D=e j==t=I hE, a=Er m=UD==Q==r, sv==iQ={@=n=, m=i[=p=Urk:, an==ht=, iv=x=u3 a=Er a=N= c=k>:=e] s=e in=k:=D= k:r, b=>É=, iv={[=u a=\Er O7, wn= t=In= g=>inq=y==e] k:=e i%á-iB=á k:rke: s=hsF=Q==r c=k>: p=r p=hu\]c== det=I hE. j=Iv==tm== ws= isq=it= k:=e p=hu\]c= k:r p=rm=< x==xv=t= x==int=, idvy=-N=n=, s=t=<-ic=T=-a=n=nd k:=e p=>=pt= k:r D=et== hE. as=ur=e] p=r dev=t==a=e] k:I iv=j=y= h=e j==t=I hE. k:q== ke: dUs=re B==g= m=e] m=ih{==s=ur k:I k:h=n=I hm==rI a=Qy=itm=k: p=>g=it= ke: sv=Op= k:=e p=>t=Ik: ke: Op= m=e] dx==*t=e hE]. a=wA deK=e] –- p=hD=e t==e dev=t==, b=>É= ke: n=et=&tv= m=e] iv={[=u a=Er ix=v= ke: p==s= j==t=e hE] a=Er p=>=q=*n== k:rt=e hE] ik: Wnhe m=ih{==s=ur ke: aty==c==r=e] s=e b=c==y== j==A. ws=s=e y=h N=t= h=et== hE ik: j=Iv==tm== aB=I Ak: n=v=-s==Q=k: hE a=Er N=n= ke: m==g=* p=r ag=>s=r hua= hI hE, p=rnt=u Ws=k:I a=Qy==itm=k: x=ikt=y==\] aB=I j==g=>t= n=hI] huw* hE]. Ws=k:= a=Qy==itm=k: Z=eF= s=e aB=I s=IQ== s=mb=nQ= n=hI] hua= hE a=Er v=h aB=I Wcc= m=n= ke: in=de*x=n= m=e] ap=n=I x=ikt=y==e] k:=e j==g=>t= k:rn=e ke: p=>y=tn= m=e] rt= hE. Wcc= m=n= ws= s=cc=I p=uk:=r k:= WT=r t==e av=xy= det== hE a=Er a=Qy==itm=k: c=et=n== k:= in=ixc=t=, k>:m=b=3 x=n=E/ x=n=E/ iv=k:=s= v= ws= iv=k:=s= s=e im=D=n=e v==D=I x=ikt=y==e] k:= aBy=udy= p=>=rmB= h=e j==t== hE. p=rm==tm== a=Er

y==eg= k:I m=h=n=< x=ikt= ke: y=h iv=iB=nn= p=>k:=r ke: Op= ws= av=sq== m=e] a=v=xy=k: h=et=e hE] t==ik: s==Q=k: Wn=k:= ap=n=I rZ==q=* Wp=y==eg= k:r s=ke:. aB=I s==Q=k: k:= wt=n== iv=k:=s= n=hI] hua= h=et== ik: v=h iv=x=u3 x=ikt= p=u]j= k:=e Q==r[= k:r s=ke: at=/ v=h ws= iv=x==D= v= at=Iv= v=eg=v==n= x=ikt= sF==et= k:I iv=iB=nn= Q==r=a=e] k:=e g=>h[= k:rt== c=D=t== hE. m=ih{==s=ur ke: iv=r=eQ= m=e] wnhI] iv=iB=nn= p=>k:=r k:I x=ikt=y==e] k:= s=]g=>h dev=t== g=[= k:rt=e hE]. m=ih{==s=ur n=e B=I dev=I ke: h=q==e] v=Q= s=e p=hD=e iv=iB=nn= Op= Q==r[= ik:y=e. v=h B=E]s==, is=]h, a=Er h=q=I b=n==. y=h m=n=u{y= k:I iv=iB=nn= p==x=iv=k: p=>iv=iT=y==\] hE]. p=x=u ke: x=rIr n=e ant=t=/ m==n=v==k&:it= Q==r[= k:I, j==e y=h dx==*t== hE ik: in=mn= m=n= k:= iv=k:=s= p=>=rmB= h=e c=uk:= hE. k:q== ke: ant= m=e] dev=I dev=t==a=e] k:=e v=r det=I hE] ik: v=e j=b= B=I y==d k:re]g=e, v=e p=>k:! h=e j==Ae]g=I. y=h t=qy= m=hTv=p=U[=* hE a=Er ws= b==t= k:= 6=et=k: hE, ik: s==Q=k: j=Iv==tm== ke: in=mn=m=n= k:I v=&iT=y==e] (m=ih{==s=ur) k:= dm=n= h=e c=uk:= hE a=Er v=h wt=n=I p=>g=it= k:r c=uk:= hE, ik: v=h dev==tm== s=e s=h=y=t== k:I s=IQ=I y==c=n== k:r s=ke: a=Er x=ikt= sF==et= s=e s=IQ=I x=ikt= aij=*t= k:r ke: Q==r[= k:r D=e. v=h x=ikt= Q==r[= k:rn=e k:I y==egy=t== aij=*t= k:r c=uk:= hE. p=hD=e k:hI d=en==e] av=sq==Ae] j=Iv==tm== k:= dev==tm== s=e s=IQ== s=mp=k*: b=n==n=e ke: iD=Ae t=Ey==r k:I j== rhI B=Uim=k:=Ae] m==F= q=I]. s==e j=Iv==tm== k:= as=D=I iv=k:=s= k:q== ke: t=Is=re (x=umB=-in=x=umB= v=Q= v==D=e) B==g= s=e a=rmB= h=et== hE. t=Is=re B==g= m=e] dEty==e] ke: v=Q= ke: iD=A dev=t== dev=I s=e s=IQ=e s=h=y=t== k:I y==c=n== k:rt=e hE]. x=umB= n=e dev=I s=e ap=n=I p=tn=I b=n=n=e ke: iD=Ae p=>=q=*n== k:I. j=b= Ak: y==eg=I Wcc= av=sq== p=>=pt= k:rt== hE, t=b= Aes=I hI av=sq== s==m=n=e a=t=I hE. Ws=k:I k:=ew* aQ=UrI, at=&pt= p=#ªI wc%= ab= p=UrI h=e s=k:t=I hE. (âä deK=e]) ap=n=I aij=*t= k:I g=w* x=ikt= k:= Wp=y==eg= v=h c==he t==e ap=n=I at=&pt= wc%=a=e] k:I p=Uit=* ke: iD=A k:r s=k:t== hE, y== if:r y=x= k:I p=>=ipt= ke: iD=A. y=h b=hut= s=UZm= p=>k:=r k:= ah] hE, ij=s=e k:q== m=e] x=umB= ke: Op= m=e] idK==y== g=y== hE. dev=I k:I G==e{=[== hE ik: v=hI m=uz=e p=>=pt= k:r s=k:t== hE j==e ws= p=>b=D=

a=k:{=*[= k:=e j=It= D=e. y== t==e y==eg=I k:= ahm=< Ws=e ws= p=>b=D= a=k:{=*[= m=e] b==Q=\] det== hE, y== iv=v=ek: 8=r= v=h ws= a=k:{=*[= k:=e j=It= k:r dev=I k:=e p=>=pt= h=et== hE. p=rnt=u ws=m=e] dev=I B=I Ws=k:I s=h=y=t== k:rt=I hE]. p=rnt=u x=umB= (ah]k:=r) hI y==eg=I k:= Ak:m==F= duxm=n= n=hI] hE. aB=I t==e wn= a=k:{=*[==e] k:I p=UrI s=en== hE. Wn=m=e] p=>m=uK= hE], Q=Um=>D==ec=n=, rkt=b=Ij=, a=Er c=[#-m=u[#. Hm=n=e deK== hE ik: ik:s= p=>k:=r dev=I n=e x=umB=(ah]k:=r) –in=x=umB=(m=m=tv=), rkt=b=Ij= (k:=m=), Q=Um=>D==ec=n= (k>:=eQ=), c=[# (b=D=), m=u[# (dp=*) a=Er s=ug=>Iv= (p=irg=>h) k:=e p=r=ij=t= ik:y==. s=ug=>Iv= k:=e dEty==e] n=e dev=I k:=e b=D=-dp=* p=Uv=*k: p=k:#ª D==n=e k:=e B=ej== q==. ah] a=Er m=m= d=en==e] Ak: hI ‘asm=t=<’ x=bd s=e Wtp=nn= hE] a=Er x=umB=-in=x=umB= k:I t=rh B==w*-B==w* hE. dug==* s=pt=x=t=I m=e] aQy==y= ç m=e] xD==ek: âîè s=e ââå t=k: x=umB= ke: iD=A m=m= a=Er ah] x=bd=e] k:= an=ek: b==r p=>y==eg= hua= hE. ws= B==g= m=e] a=Er B=I r=ec=k: t=qy= hE]. dev=I n=e d=e Qv=in=y==e], “hu\]” a=Er “h]” 8=r= dEty==e] k:= v=Q= ik:y==. a=Qy==itm=k: Z=eF= m=e] Wnn=it= ke: iD=A m=]F==e] k:= Wp=y==eg= s=v=*iv=idt= hE. y=h b=Ij= m=]F= Ak: s=Im== t=k: Wnn=it= k:r c=uke: s==Q=k:=e] 8=r= hI Wp=y==eg= m=e] iD=A j== s=k:t=e hE]. wn= m=]F==e] k:= Wp=y==eg= t=B=I aint=m= B==g= m=e] ik:y== g=y== hE. a=Er deK=e]. rkt=b=Ij= ke: v=Q= t=k: s=B=I dEv=I x=ikt=y==\] aD=g=-aD=g= d&i{!-g==ec=r h=e rhI hE], a=Er s==Q=k: y==eg=I wt=n== s=Z=m= h=e c=uk:= hE ik: wn= x=ikt=y==e] k:= aD=g=-aD=g= y== Ak: s==q= Wp=y==eg= k:r s=ke:. y==eg=I ke: wt=n=I Wnn=it= k:r D=en=e ke: b==d hI Ws=e s==Q=n==-c=t=u{!y= k:= aBy==s= k:r=y== j==t== hE. dev=I x=umB= k:=e v==ip=s= D==E!n=e k:= av=s=r B=I det=I hE]. ws=k:= y=h a=x=y= hE ik: ws= av=sq== k:=e p=>=pt= k:r D=en=e ke: b==d s==Q=k: y==eg=I k:=e j=Iv=n=-m=ukt= h=en=e k:= aint=m= av=s=r idy== j==t== hE. y== t==e v=h p=un=*j=nm= a=id ke: fe:r m=e] v==ip=s= c=D== j==A y== if:r dev==tm== m=e] im=D= k:r s=mp=U[=* k:= a]g= b=n= j==A. v=h ap=n== aist=tv= b=n==A rK= s=k:t== hE a=Er is=i3y==e] k:=e

B==eg= s=k:t== hE. p=rnt=u y=id Ws=e in=v==*[= p=>=pt= k:rn== hE t==e Ws=e ap=n== aist=tv= im=!= den== h=eg==. k:=ew* b=Ic= k:= m==g=* n=hI] hE. a=p= j==n= c=uke: hE] ik: x=umB= s=e in=[==*y=k: y=u3 ke: p=hD=e dev=I n=e ap=n=I s=m=st= iv=B=Uit=y==e] v= x=ikt=y==e] k:=e Ak:F= k:r iD=y==. y=h j==n= D=e] ik: y=hI in=[==*y=k: Z=[= hE. a=Qy==itm=k: Z=eF= k:= s=v==e*cc= ix=K=r s==Q=k: n=e %U iD=y== hE. a=k:=x=g==m=I x=umB= a=k:=x= m=e] W#ª c=uk:= hE a=Er Ws=k:= dev=I s=e y=u3 a=rmB= h=e c=uk:= hE. a=k:=x= p==\]c==e] t=Tv==e] m=e] s=b=s=e s=UZm= hE. ws=I m=e] iv=xv= k:= p=>=du*B==v= h=et== hE. y==eg=I s==Q=k: k:= ah] i%á iB=á k:rke: n={! k:rn== hE, ij=s=ke: iD=A a=k:=x= s=e b=eht=r a=Er k:=ew* sq==n= n=hI] hE. hm= y=h B=I deK=e] ik: r=j== a=Er v=Exy= k:=e idA g=Ae v=rd=n==e] m=e] b=hut= ant=r q==. y=h v==st=v= m=e] N=n= y== Qy=ey= k:=e p==n=e ke: d=e r=st=e hE]. N=n= p==n=e ke: b==d r=j== j=g=t=< m=e] v==ip=s= D==E! k:r ap=n=I p=>j== v= aN=n=I s==Q==r[= j=n=t== k:=e N=n= det== hE. dUs=r= r=st== m=n=u{y= k:=e sv=y=] k:= Qy=ey= idD=v== det== hE. hm= j==n=t=e hE] ik: v=ed=e], Wp=in={=d=e] v= p=ur=[==id m=e] iv=xv= m=e] p=>=py= Wcc=t=m= k:=ei! ke: a=Qy==itm=k: t=qy==e] k:= K=j==n== hE. Wcc=t=m= rhsy==e] k:=e k:h=n=I a=id m=e] g=U\]q=n=e s=e hI y=h s=v=* g=>=Åy= h=e s=ke: hE] a=Er wn=k:I rZ== B=I s=mB=v= h=e s=k:I hE. k:=ew* Ak: hI wn= k:q==a=e] m=e] in=iht= aD=]k:=r=e] v= s=]ke:t==e] k:=e s=m=z=n=e k:= p=>y=tn= k:rt== hE, aiQ=k:t=r j=n=m==n=s= t==e wn= k:q==a=e] ke: s==Endy=* m=e] aiB=B=Ut= h=e k:r wnhe] y=ug==e] t=k: s=]j==e k:r rK=t== hE. dug==* s=pt=x=t=I m=e] s==Q=k: ke: iD=A hI n=hI], p=rnt=u s=m==j= ke: iD=A B=I s=]dex= hE]. dev=I ke: an=ek: y=u3=e] s=e hm= b=hut= ix=Z== D=e s=k:t=e hE]. dev=I k:I as=\]Ky= x=ikt=y==e] k:= p==r=v==r n=hI] hE. dev=I k:I s=en== m=e] as=\]Ky= p=>k:=r k:I x=ikt=y==\] hE], a=Er v=e s=]s==r k:I p=>ty=ek: n==rI m=e] s=m==n= Op= s=e iv=6m==n= hE]. he B==rt= k:I n==iry==e], ap=n=I s=upt= x=ikt=y==e] k:=e j=g==wy=e a=Er ws= dex= m=e] fE:D=e B=>{!=c==r, an==c==r v= ku:iv=c==r=e] k:=e ap=n=e p==x= m=e] j=k:#ª k:r n={! k:r dIij=A. dug==* s=pt=x=t=I ke: aQy==y= ââ ke: xD==ek: ê m=e] k:h= g=y== hE – “iv=6=/ s=m=st==st=v= deiv= B=ed=/ isF=y=/ s=m=st==/ s=k:D== j=g=st=u + tv=y=Ek:y==

p=Uirt=m=mb=y=Et=t=< k:= t=e st=uit= st=vy=p=r= p=r=eikt=/ ++” aq==*t= “deiv= s=mp=U[=* iv=6=A\] t=umh=re hI iv=iB=á sv=Op= hE]. j=g=t=< m=e] ij=t=n=I isF=y==\] hE], v=e s=b= t=umh=rI hI m=Uit=*y==\] hE]. j=g=dmb= Ak:m==F= t=um=n=e hI ws= iv=Sv= k:=e vy==pt= k:r rK== hE. t=umh=rI st=uit= ky== h=e s=k:t=I hE. t=um= t==e st=v=n= k:rn=e y==egy= p=d=q==e*] s=e p=r= Av=] p=r= v==[=I h=e.” y=id hm= isF=y==e] k:= a=dr k:rn== s=IK= D=e] t==e hm==r= s=m==j= aty=nt= s=m=&3 h=e j==Aeg== a=Er hm= s=uK=I h=e s=ke:]g=e. dug==* n=e rkt=b=Ij= k:= v=Q= ib=n== Ak: b=U]d ig=r=A ik:y== q==. Ws=s=e y=h j==n=n== c==ihA ik: n==rI x=ikt= duxm=n= k:= s=m=UD= iv=n==x= k:rn=e m=e] s=Z=m= hE a=Er aty=nt= b=D=x==D=I a=Er idvy= x=ikt=y==e] k:I sv==im=n=I hE. s==q= hI v=h dy== k:= s==g=r B=I hE, t=B=I v=h p=uO{=-p=>Q==n= s=m==j= m=e] aty=]t= k:{! s=h k:r B=I p=uO{= k:=e p=>ty=uT=r n=hI] det=I]. k:q== s=e hm=e] N=t= h=et== hE ik: hr n==rI aty=nt= s==hs=I, iv=du{=I, a=Er y==ej=n==b=3 k:=y=* k:rn=e v==D=I hE. dev=I Ws=e hI as=ur m==n=t=I hE] j==e n==rI k:= s=mm==n= n=hI] k:rt=e, Ws=e aix=iZ=t= rK=t=e hE], a=Er Wn=k:= x==e{=[= k:rt=e hE]. hm=e] p=>ty=ek: n==rI k:= hr isq=it= m=e] a=dr s=mm==n= k:rn== c==ihA. dev=I k:I B==]it= v=h hm=e] ap=n=e iv=x==D= rZ=k: v= p==e{=[= k:rn=e v==D=e idvy= v=Z= m=e] s=m==n=e k:=e hm=ex== Wts=uk: hE, a=Er hm==rI B=UD==e] v= p==p==e] k:=e Z=m== k:rn=e k:=e s=d= p=>st=ut= hE. v=h m==\] b=n=k:r hm==r= D==D=n=-p==D=n= k:rt=I hE, p=tn=I b=n= k:r hm==re W2exy==e] k:I p=Ut=I* m=e] s=h=y=k: h=et=I hE, b=e!I b=n=k:r hm=e] s=uK= p=hu\]c==t=I hE, a=Er b=hn= b=n=k:r hm==rI $ª=D= b=n= j==t=I hE. v=h s=d= hm==re v= hm==re p=irv==r ke: s=uK= k:I k:=m=n== k:rt=I hE. a=Er hm= wt=n=e sv==q=I* hE] ik: j==e n==rI hm==re v=]x= k:=e a=g=e c=D==n=e m=e] m=uKy= B=Uim=k:= in=B==t=I hE, a=Er ap=n== G=r-b==r ty==g= k:r a= j==t=I hE, hm= Ws=I k:I av=heD=n== v= in=r=dr k:rt=e hE]. m=h=m==y== hm==rI B=UD==e] k:=e Z=m== k:re v= hm= p=r ap=n=I k&:p== b=n==A rK=e]. r={!M=e] ke: iD=A m=h=n=< B=I s=]dex= hE. d=est==e] ke: iD=A fU:D= j=Es=e k:=em=D= a=Er duxm=n==e] ke: iD=A m=h=k:=D= s=e B=I B=y=]k:r. “m=h=k:=D=I rkt=b=Ij= ke: rkt= s=e Wtp=nn= dEty==e] k:= B=Z=[= k:rt=I huw*] r[= m=e] iv=c=rt=I rhI]” (s=pt=x=t=I

è.çç) hr dex= k:=e c==ihA ik: v=h ap=n=e duxm=n==e] k:= ws=I p=>k:=r s=m=UD= n==x= k:r de. du{!=e] k:= ws=I p=>k:=r dD=n= ap=eiZ=t= hE.

i!pp=i[=y==\] – â dug==* - B=g=v==n=< ix=v= k:I p=tn=I p==v=*t=I j=I ke: hj==r n==m==e] m=e] s=e Ak: n==m= dug==* hE. ä j=g=d<m==t== - D=iD=t==-s=hsF=n==m=-st==eF= deK=e], s==EB==gy= B==sk:r B=={y=, SD==ek: âë – “p=uO{=m=< v== sm=>e3 deiv= sF=I Op=m= v== iv=ic=nty=et=, aq=v== in={k:D==m=< Qy==y=et=< s=T=, ic=T=, a=n=nd D=Z[=m=<” ws=k:= aq=* hE ik: dev=I k:= p=Uj=n= p=uO{= Op= y== sF=I Op= m=e] y== ke:v=D= s=T= ic=T= a=n=nd Op= m=e] B=I ik:y== j== s=k:t== hE. hm=e] ip=t== k:= py==r p==n=e ke: iD=A p=uO{= Op= a=Er m==t== k:= py==r p==n=e ke: iD=A sF=I Op= m=e] w*Sv=r k:I a=r=Q=n== k:rn=I c==ihA. ic=d=g=g=n==c==y=* n=e k:h= hE –- deiv=, a=p= n== p=uO{= hE, n== sF=I a=Er n== kD=Ib= hI h=e. a=p=ke: p=it= B=I wn= iv={=ex=[==e] s=e m=ukt= hE]. a=p=k:I k&:p==-d&i{! ke: ib=n== n== t==e hm= a=p=ke: iv={=y= m=e] s==ec= s=k:t=e hE] a=Er n== a=p=k:= a=r=Q=n= k:r s=k:t=e hE]. à b=>É-N=in=y==e] ke: 8=r= s=d= hI x=ikt= k:=e n==rI Op= m=e] ic=iF=t= k:rn=e m=e] a=p=iT= rhI hE, ky==e]ik: v=h w*Sv=r ke: p=uO{= Op= ke: p=>it= hI a=xv=st= hE]. dev=I B==g=v=t= p=ur=[= m=e] dev=I k:ht=I hE] –- v=h p=uO{= a=Er m=E] sv=y=] Ak: hI hE]. he aj==, s=&i{! k:I rc=n== het=U hI y=h B=ed Wtp=nn= h=et== hE. p=>D=y= ke: s=m=y= m=E] n== t==e p=uO{=, n== sF=I a=Er n== kD=Ib= h=et=I hU\]. (Kalyan Kalptaru, Siva Number, Vol. XXXVI, No. 1, October 1990, p. 318, “Two forms of Sakti – Tripura Sundari and Kali) å Pgv=ed m=e] B=I as=ur=e] ke: s==q= y=u3 k:= iv=v=r[= p=>=pt= h=et== hE. dev=I ke: as=ur=e] ke: s==q= y=u3 k:= iv=v=r[= hm=e] s==Er p=ur=[= m=e] B=I im=D=t== hE. ws= p=ur=[= m=e] ix=v= n=e rkt==Z= v= Q=Um=>=Z= k:= v=Q= ik:y==.

ç “he aj=*un=, j=b=-j=b= s=]s==r m=e] Q=m=*k:I h=in= a=Er aQ=m=* k:I v=&i3 h=et=I hE, t=b=-t=b= ac%e D==eg==e] k:I rZ==, du{!=e] k:= s=]h=r t=q== Q=m=* s=]sq==p=n== ke: iD=A m=E], p=rb=>É p=rm==tm==, hr y=ug= m=e] av=t=irt= h=et== hU]”. (g=It== å.îë-îè)” Êê-ë v=Eidk: k:=D= m=e] v={=* ke: p=>q=m= m==s= k:=e m=Q=u k:h= j==t== q==. Ak: a=Er m==s= k:= n==m= m==Q=v= B=I q==. y=h d=en==e] m==s= v=s=nt= ke: q=e. m=Q=u-kE:!B= k:I k:q== dev=I B==g=v=t=< m=e] B=I im=D=t=I hE. deiK=A B==g= â, aQy==y= ê s=e ï t=k:. m=t=sy=-p=ur=[= (âëî.ä) a=Er k:iD=k:=-p=ur=[= (aQy==y= êâ) m=e] d=e dEty==e], m=Q=u a=Er kE:!B= k:=e rj==e v= t=m==e g=u[= B=I k:h= g=y== hE. b=>É=]# k:I rc=n== t=B=I h=et=I hE, j=b= rj==e g=u[= a=Er t=m==e g=u[= s=t==e g=u[= p=r ap=n== p=>B==v= #=D=t=e hE]. Pgv=ed m=e] t=q== any=F= m=Q=u k:=e s=Uy=* a=Er kE:!B= k:=e c=n7 B=I k:h= g=y== hE. s=&i{! k:I rc=n== ke: s=m=y= s=Uy=* a=Er c=n7 k:I g=it= a=Er p=q= in=ixc=t= k:rn== hI x==y=d m=Q=u-kE:!B= k:I k:h=n=I k:= aiB=p=>=y= hE. è b=>É= j=I n=e k:h= - deiv=, t=umhI] sv==h=, t=umhI] sv=Q== a=Er t=umhI] v={=!<k:=r h=e. sv=r B=I t=umh=re hI sv=Op= hE]. t=umhI] j=Iv=n=d=iy=n=I s=uQ== h=e. in=ty= aZ=r p=>[=v= m=e] ak:=r, Wk:=r, m=k:=r – wn= t=In= m==F==a=e] ke: Op= m=e] t=umhI] isq=t= h=e t=q== wn= t=In= m==F==a=e] ke: ait=irkt= j==e iv=nduOp== in=ty= aQ=*m==F== hE, ij=s=k:= iv=x=e{= Op= s=e Wcc==r[= n=hI] ik:y== j== s=k:t==, v=h B=I t=umhI] h=e. deiv=, t=umhI] s=]Qy==, s==iv=iF=, t=q== p=rm=< j=n=n=I h=e. deiv= t=umhI] ws= iv=Sv=-b=>É=]# k:=e Q==r[= k:rt=I h=e. t=um=s=e hI ws= j=g=t=< k:I s=&i{! h=et=I hE. t=umhI s=e ws=k:= p==D=n= h=et== hE a=Er s=d= t=umhI] k:Dp= ke: ant= m=e] s=b=k:=e ap=n== g=>=s= b=n== D=et=I h=e. j=g=nm=y=I deiv= ws= j=g=t=< k:I Wtp=iT= ke: s=m=uy= t=um= s=&i{! Op== h=e, p==D=n=-k:=D= m=e] isq=it=Op== h=e a=Er k:Dp==nt= ke: s=m=y= s=]h=rOp= Q==r[= k:rn=ev==D=I h=e. t=umhI] m=h=iv=6=, m=h=m==y==, m=h=m=eQ==, m=h=sm=&it=, m=h=m==ehOp==, m=h=dev=I a=Er m=h=s=urI h=e. t=umhI] t=In==e] g=u[==e] k:=e Wtp=nn= k:rn=ev==D=I s=b=k:I p=>k&:it= h=e. B=y=]k:r k:=D=r=iF=, m=h=r=iF= a=Er m==her=iF= B=I t=umhI] h=e. t=umhI] XI, t=umhI] H&I] a=Er t=umhI] b==eQ=sv=Op== b=ui3 h=e. D=jj==,

p=ui{!, t=ui{!, x==int=, a=Er Z=m== B=I t=umhI] h=e. t=um= K=#<g=Q==iri[=, x=UD=Q==iri[=, G==erOp== t=q== g=d=, c=k>:, x=]K= a=Er Q=n=u{= Q==r[= k:rn=e v==D=I h=e. b==[=, B=ux=u[#I a=Er p=irG= - y=e B=I t=umh=re asF= hE]. t=um= s==Emy= a=Er s==Emy=t=r h=e –- wt=n== hI n=hI], ij=t=n=e B=I s==Emy= Av=] s=undr p=d=q=* hE], Wn= s=b=k:I ap=eZ== t=um= aty=iQ=k: s=undrI h=e. p=r a=Er ap=r - s=b=s=e p=re rhn=e v==D=I p=rm=eSv=rI t=umhI] h=e. s=v=*sv=Op=e deiv=, k:hI] B=I s=t=<-as=t=< Op= j==e k:u% v=st=uA\] hE] a=Er Wn= s=b=k:I j==e x=ikt= hE, v=h t=umhI] h=e. Aes=I av=sq== m=e] t=umh=rI st=uit= ky== h=e s=k:t=I hE. j==e ws= j=g=t=< k:I s=&i{!, p==D=n= a=Er s=]h=r k:rt=e hE], Wn= B=g=v==n=< k:=e B=I j=b= t=um=n=e in=7= ke: a=Q=In= k:r idy== hE, t=b= t=umh=rI st=uit= k:rn=e m=e] k:=En= s=m=q=* h=e s=k:t== hE. m=uz=k:=e, B=g=v==n=< x=]k:r k:=e t=q== B=g=v==n=< iv={[=u k:=e B=I t=um=n=e hI x=rIr Q==r[= k:r=y== hE, at=/ t=umh=rI st=uit= k:rn=e k:I x=ikt= ik:s=m=e] hE. deiv= t=um= t==e ap=n=e wn= Wd=r p=>B==v==e] s=e hI p=>x=]is=t= h=e. y=e j==e d=en==e] duQ=*{=* as=ur m=Q=u a=Er kE:!B= hE], wn=k:=e m==eh m=e] #=D= d=e a=Er j=g=dISv=r B=g=v==n=< iv={[=u k:=e x=IG=> hI j=g== d=e. s==q= hI wn=ke: B=It=r wn= d=en==e m=h=n=< as=ur=e] k:=e m==r #=D=n=e k:I b=ui3 Wtp=nn= k:r d=e. (dug==* s=pt=x=t=I â.ëà-èë) ï c=k>:p==i[= iv={[=u ke: m=uK= s=e Ak: m=h=n=< t=ej= in=k:D==. ws=I p=>k:=r b=>É=, x=]k:r t=q== wn7 a=id any==ny= dev=t==a=e] ke: x=rIr s=e B=I b=#ª= B==rI t=ej= in=k:D==. v=h im=D=k:r Ak: h=e g=y==. m=h=n=< t=ej= k:= v=h p=uJj= j==jv=Dy=m==n= p=v=*t= s== j==n= p=#ª=. dev=t==a=e] n=e deK==, v=h=\] Ws=k:I jv==D==A\] s=mp=U[=* idx==a=e] m=e] vy==pt= h=e rhI] q=I. Ak:iF=t= h=en=e p=r v=h Ak: n==rI ke: Op= m=e] p=ir[=t= h=e g=y== a=Er ap=n=e p=>k:=x= s=e t=In==e] D==ek:=e] m=e] vy==pt= j==n= p=#ª=. B=g=v==n=< x=]k:r ke: t=ej= s=e Ws= dev=I k:= m=uK= p=>k:! hua=. y=m=r=j= ke: t=ej= s=e Ws=ke: is=r m=e] b==D= in=k:D= a=y=e. iv={[=u ke: t=ej= s=e Ws=k:I B=uj==Ae] Wtp=nn= huw*]. c=n7m== ke: t=ej= s=e d=en==e] st=n=, wn7 ke: t=ej= s=e m=Qy=B==g= k:i!p=>dex=, v=O[= ke: t=ej= s=e j=]G== a=Er ip=]#D=I, p=&Qv=I ke: t=ej= s=e in=t=mb=, b=>É= ke: t=ej= s=e d=en==e c=r[=, s=Uy=* ke: t=ej= s=e (c=r[==e] k:I) W]g=iD=y==\], v=s=ua=e] ke: t=ej= s=e h=q==e] k:I W]g=iD=y==] a=Er ku:b=er ke: t=ej= s=e n==is=k:= p=>k:! huw*]. dev=I ke: d=]t= p=>j==p=it= ke: t=ej= s=e, t=In==e]

n=eF= aign= s=e, B==Ehe] s=]Qy== s=e a=Er k:=n= v==y=u ke: t=ej= s=e p=>k:! huA. (dug==* s=pt=x=t=I aQy==y= ä. âî-âè) âî x=r[==g=t= k:I p=I#ª= dUr k:rn=e v==D=I deiv=, hm=p=r p=>s=nn= h=ea=e. s=mp=U[=* j=g=t=< k:I m==t==, p=>s=nn= h=ea=e. iv=Sv=eSv=ir, iv=Sv= k:I rZ== k:r=e. deiv= t=umhI] c=r=c=r j=g=t=< k:I aQ=ISv=rI h=e. t=um= ws= j=g=t=< k:= Ak:m==F= a=Q==r h=e, ky==e]ik: p=&qv=IOp= m=e] t=umh=rI hI isq=it= hE. deiv= t=umh=r= p=r=k>:m= aD=]G=n=Iy= hE. t=umhI] j=D=Op= m=e] isq=t= h=e k:r s=mp=U[=* j=g=t=< k:=e t=&pt= k:rt=I h=e. t=um= an=nt= b=D= s=mp=nn= v=E{[=v=I x=ikt= h=e. ws= iv=Sv= k:I k:=r[=B=Ut== p=r= m==y==h=e. deiv= t=um=n=e ws= s=m=st= j=g=t=< k:=e m==eiht= k:r rK== hE. t=umhI] p=>s=nn= h=en=ep=r ws= p=&qv=I p=r m==eZ= k:I p=>=ipt= k:r=t=I h=e. deiv=, s=mp=U[=* iv=6=A\] t=umh=re hI iv=iB=nn= sv=Op= hE]. j=g=t=< m=e] ij=t=n=I isF=y==\] hE], v=e s=b= t=umh=rI hI m=Uit=*y==\] hE]. j=g=dmb=, Ak:m==F= t=um=n=e hI ws= iv=Sv= k:=e vy==pt= k:r rK== hE. t=umh=rI st=uit= ky== h=e s=k:t=I hE. t=um= t==e st=v=n= k:rn=e y==egy= p=d=q==e*] s=e p=re Av=] p=r= v==[=I h=e. j=b= t=um= s=v=*sv=Op== dev=I sv=g=* t=q== m==eZ= p=>d=n= k:rn=e v==D=I h=e, t=b= ws=I Op= m=e] t=umh=rI st=uit= h=e g=w*. t=umh=rI st=uit= ke: iD=y=e ws=s=e ac%I Wikt=y==\] a=Er ky== h=e s=k:t=I hE]. b=ui3 Op= s=e s=b= D==eg==e] ke: Ådy= m=e] iv=r=j=m==n= rhn=e v==D=I t=q== sv=g=* Av=] m==eZ= p=>d=n= k:rn=e v==D=I n==r=y=[=I deiv=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. k:D==, k:={@= a=id ke: Op= s=e k>:m=x=/ p=ir[==m= (av=sq== p=irv=T=*n=) k:I a=er D=e j==n=e v==D=I t=q== iv=Sv= k:= Wp=s=]h=r k:rn=e m=e] s=m=q=* n==r=y=[=I, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. n==r=y=[=I, t=um= s=b= p=>k:=r k:= m=]g=D= p=>d=n= k:rn=e v==D=I m=]g=D=m=y=I h=e. k:Dy==[=d=iy=n=I ix=v== h=e. s=b= p=uO{==q==e*] k:=e is=3 k:rn=e v==D=I x=r[==g=t=v=ts=D==, t=In= n=eF==e]v==D=I Av=] g==ErI h=e. t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. t=um= s=&i{!, p==D=n= a=Er s=]h=r k:I x=ikt=B=Ut==, s=n==t=n=I dev=I, g=u[==e] k:= a=Q==r t=q== s=v=*g=u[=m=y=I h=e. n==r=y=i[=, t=mhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. x=r[= m=e] a=y=e huA dIn==e] Av=] p=Ii#ªt==e] k:I rZ== m=e] s=]D=gn= rhn=e v==D=I t=q== s=b=k:I p=I#ª= dUr k:rn=e v==D=I n==r=y=[=I dev=I, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. n==r=y=i[=, t=um= b=>É=[=I k:= Op= Q==r[= k:rke: h]s==e] s=e j=ut=e huA iv=m==n= p=r b=E@t=I t=q== ku:x=-

im=iXt= j=D= i%#ªk:t=I rht=I h=e. t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. m==heSv=rI Op= s=e iF=x=UD=, c=n7m== Av=] s=p=* k:=e Q==r[= k:rn=e v==D=I t=q== m=h=n=< v=&{=B= k:I p=I@ p=r b=E@n=ev==D=I n==r=y=[=I dev=I, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. m==er=e] a=Er m=ug==e*] s=e iG=rI rhn=e v==D=I t=q== m=h=x=ikt= Q==r[= k:rn=e v==D=I k:=Em==rI Op= Q==iri[= in={p==p=e n==r=y=i[=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. x=]K=, c=k>:, g=d= a=Er x==]g=*/Q=n=u{=Op= WT=m= a=y=uQ==e] k:=e Q==r[= k:rn=e v==D=I v=E{[=v=I x=ikt= Op== n==r=y=i[=, t=um= p=>s=nn= h=ea=e. t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. h=q= m=e] B=y==n=k: m=h=c=k>: iD=y=e a=Er d=$ª=e] p=r Q=rt=I k:=e W@=y=e v==r=hI Op= Q==iri[= k:Dy==[=m=y=I n==r=y=i[=, t=mhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. B=y=]k:r n=&is=]h Op= s=e dEty==e] ke: v=Q= ke: iD=y=e W6=eg= k:rn=e v==D=I t=q== iF=B=uv=n= k:I rZ== m=e] s=]D=gn= rhn=e v==D=I n==r=y=i[=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. m=st=k: p=r ik:rI! a=Er h=q= m=e] m=h=v=j=> Q==r[= k:rn=ev==D=I, s=hsF= n=eF==e] ke: k:=r[= W¡Ipt= idK==y=I den=e v==D=I a=Er v=&F==s=ur ke: p=>=[==e] k:= ap=hr[= k:rn=e v==D=I wn7 x=ikt=Op== n==r=y=i[= deiv=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. ix=v=dUt=I Op= s=e dEty==e] k:I m=ht=I s=en== k:= s=]h=r k:rn=e v==D=I, B=y=]k:r Op= Q==r[= t=q== iv=k:! g=j=*n== k:rn=e v=D=I n==r=y=i[=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. d=$ª=e] ke: k:=r[= iv=k:r=D= m=uK=v==D=I m=u[#m==D== s=e iv=B=Ui{=t= m=u[#m=id*n=I c==m=u[#= Op== n==r=y=i[=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. D=Zm=I, D=jj==, m=h=iv=6=, X3=, p=ui{!, sv=Q==, Q=>uv==, m=h=r=iF= t=q== m=h=aiv=6= Op== n==r=y=i[=, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. m=eQ==, s=rsv=t=I, v=r= (Xe{@=), B=Uit= (AeSv=y=* Op==), b=B=>v=I (B=Ure r]g= k:I aq=v== p==v=*t=I), t==m=s=I (m=h=k:=D=I), in=y=t== (s=]y=m=p=r=y=[==) t=q== w*{== (s=b=k:I aQ=ISv=rI) Oip=[=I n==r=y=[=I, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. s=v=*sv=Op==, s=v=e*Sv=rI t=q== s=b= p=>k:=r k:I x=ikt=y==e] s=e s=mp=nn= idvy=Op== dug=e* deiv=, s=b= B=y==e] s=e hm==rI rZ== k:r=e, t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. k:=ty==y=n=I, y=h t=In= D==ec=n==e] s=e iv=B=Ui{=t= t=umh=r= s=Emy= m=uK= s=b= p=>k:=r ke: B=y==e] s=e hm==rI rZ== k:re. t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. B=7 k:=D=I, jv==D==a=e] ke: k:=r[= iv=k:r=D= p=>t=It= h=en=e v==D==, aty=nt= B=y=]k:r a=Er s=m=st= as=ur=e] k:= s=]h=r k:rn=ev==D== t=umh=r= iF=x=UD= B=y= s=e hm=e] b=c==y=e. t=umhe] n=m=sk:=r hE. deiv= j==e ap=n=I Qv=in= s=e s=mp=U[=* j=g=t=< k:=e vy=pt= k:rke: dEty==e] ke: t=ej= n={! ik:y=e det== hE, v=h t=umh=r= G=[!= hm=D==eg==e] k:I p==p==e] s=e Ws=I p=>k:=r

rZ== k:re, j=Es=e m==t== ap=n=e p=uF==e] k:I b=ure k:m==e*] s=e rZ== k:rt=I hE. c=i[#ke:, t=umh=re h=q==e] m=e] s=ux==eiB=t= K=#<g=, j==e as=ur=e] ke: rkt= a=Er c=b=I* s=e c=ic=*t= hE, hm==r= m=]g=D= k:re. hm= t=umhe n=m=sk:=r k:rt=e hE]. deiv=, t=um= p=>s=nn= h=en=e p=r s=b= r=eg==e] k:=e n={! k:r det=I h=e, a=Er ku:ip=t= h=en=e p=r m=n==ev==]i%t= s=B=I k:=m=n==a=e] k:= n==x= k:r det=I h=e. j==e D==eg= t=umh=rI x=r[= m=e] j== c=uke: hE], Wn= p=r iv=p=iT= t==e a=t=I hI n=hI]. t=umh=rI x=r[= m=e] g=y=e huA m=n=u{y= dUs=r=e] k:=e x=r[= den=e v==D=e h=e j==t=e hE]. deiv= aimb=ke:, t=um=n=e ap=n=e sv=Op= k:=e an=ek: B==g==e] m=e] iv=B=kt= k:r ke: n==n== p=>k:=r ke: Op==e] s=e j==e ws= s=m=y= wn= Q=m=*7=ehI m=h=dEty==e] k:= s=]h=r ik:y== hE, v=h s=b= dUs=rI k:=En= k:r s=k:t=I q=I. iv=6=a=e] m=e], N=n= k:=e p=>k:=ix=t= k:rn=e v==D=e t=q== x==sF==e] m=e] t=q== a=id-v==ky==e] (v=ed=e]) m=e] t=umh=re is=v== a=Er ik:s=k:= v=[=*n= hE. t=q== t=um=k:=e %=e#ª k:r dUs=rI k:=En= Aes=I x=ikt= hE, j==e ws= iv=Sv= k:=e aN==n=m=y= G==er anQ=k:=r s=e p=irp=U[=* m=m=t==Op=I g=$eª m=e] in=rnt=r B=!k:= rhI h=e. j=h=\] r=Z=s=, j=h=\] B=y=]k:r iv={=v==D=e s=p=*, j=h=\] x=F=u, j=h=\] D=u!er=e] k:I s=en== a=Er j=h=\] d=v==n=D= h=e, v=h=\] t=q== s=m=u7 ke: b=Ic= m=e] B=I rhk:r t=um= iv=Sv= k:I rZ== k:rt=I h=e. iv=Sv=eSv=ir, t=um= iv=Sv= k:= p==D=n= k:rt=I h=e. t=um= B=g=v==n=< iv=Sv=n==q= k:I B=I v=ndn=Iy== h=e. j==e D==eg= B=ikt=p=Uv=*k: t=umh=re s==m=n=e m=st=k: z=uk:=t=e hE] v=e s=mp=U[=* iv=Sv= k:=e a=Xy= den=e v==D=e h=et=e hE]. deiv=, p=>s=nn= h=ea=e. j=Es=e ws= s=m=y= as=ur=e] k:= v=Q= k:rke: t=um=n=e x=IG=> hI hm==rI rZ== k:I hE, Ws=I p=>k:=r s=d= hm=e] x=F=ua=e] ke: B=y= s=e b=c==a=e. s=mp=U[=* j=g=t=< k:= p==p= n={! k:r d=e a=Er Wtp==t= Av=] p==p==e] ke: f:D=sv=Op= p=>=pt= h=en=e v==D=e m=h=m==rI a=id b=#eª-b=#eª Wp=7v==e] k:=e x=IG=> dUr k:r=e. iv=Sv= k:I p=I#ª= dUr k:rn=e v==D=I deiv=, hm= t=umh=re c=r[==e] p=r p=#eª huA hE], hm= p=r p=>s=nn= h=ea=e. iF=D==ek: in=v==is=y==e] k:I p=Uj=n=Iy== p=rm=eSv=ir, s=b= D==eg==e] k:=e v=rd=n= d=e. ââ ihndU iv=c==r Q==r= ke: an=us==r b=>É=]# ke:v=D= p=rm==tm== k:= iv=st==r m==F= hE. p=rm==tm== ke: b==hr k:u% B=I h=en== s=mB=v= n=hI] hE. s=B=I x=ikt=y==\] Ws=m=e hI in=iht= h=e s=k:t=I hE]. dev=I a=Er dev=t==g=[= B=I ws=iD=A Ws=I p=rb=>É k:= a]x= hE]. dev=I a=Er dev=t== Ak: hI x=ikt= ke: Q=n==tm=k: a=Er P[==tm=k: Op= hE].

y=hI ix=v== a=Er ix=v= Op= B=I hE]. (p=&{@ ââ-âà, dev=I a=Er dev=t==, ihndU p=>t=Ik:=e] k:= Ak: p=irc=y=, ag=>ej=I p=ust=k:, D=eK=k: a=w*. ke:. t=Eim=in=) a=Er B=I – dev=I a=p= hI dev==tm==, p=rb=>É, w*q=r, v==y=u, aign=, j=D= a=Er p=&qv=I h=e. a=p=s=e p=re b=>É=]# m=e] ku:% n=hI] hE. s=mp=U[=* b=>É=]# a=p=k:I x=ikt= k:= iv=st==r hE, a=Er p=>D=y= ke: s=m=y= a=p=m=e] hI s=m== j==t== hE (s==Endy=* D=hrI àç)

âä “Ak: y==eg=I k:I a=tm=k:q==” 8=r= p=rm=h]s= y==eg==n=nd j=I –- p=irc%ed àå “ihm==D=y= m=e] Ak: r=j=m=hD= k:I s=&i{!” x=I{=*k: s=e Ak: a=xc=y=*m=y=I g==q== - y=h an=uB=v= y==eg==n=nd j=I ke: g=uO XIm==n=< D==ihi#ª m=h=x=y= k:=e hua=. ……”.. .. m=ere m==g=*dx=*k: n=e m=&duD= h\]s=I h\]s=t=e huA k:h= / ‘a=Q=I r=t= k:= s=m=y= hE. dUr p=r j==e p=>k:=x= idK==y=I de rh= hE, v=h Ak: sv=[=* m=hD= k:I a=B== hE. a=j= r=t= m=e] ai8t=Iy= m=h=g=uO b==b==j=I n=e Ws= m=hD= k:I s=&i{! k:I hE. s=udUr at=It= m=e] sv=[=*-m=hD= ke: s==Endy=* k:= a=n=nd D=en=e k:I t=um=n=e wc%= vy=kt= k:I q=I. m=h=g=uO ab= t=umh=rI Ws= wc%= k:I p=Uit=* k:rrhe hE], ij=s=s=e t=umh=r= ip=%D== k:m=*-b=nQ=n= !U! j==y=. Ws=n=e p=un=/ k:h= / ws= B=vy= m=hD= m=e] hI a=j= r=t= k:=e t=umhe] ‘ik>:y==y==eg=’ k:I dIZ== im=D=eg=I. b=h deK==e. t=umh=re dIG=* p=>v==s= k:I p=irs=m=ipt= p=r a=n=nd m=n==n=e ke: iD=A t=umh=re s=B=I g=uOB==w* t=umh=re sv==g=t==q=* Wp=isq=t= hE]. hm==re s==m=n=e rtn=ric=t= iz=D=im=D==t== Ak: iv=x==D= sv=[=*-m=hD= K=#ª= q==. c==r=e] a=er m=n==erm= W6=n==e] s=e iG=re Ws= m=hD= k:= x=It= s=r=ev=r m=e] p=#ª rh= p=>it=ib=mb= Ak: at=uD=n=Iy= B=vy= d&xy= p=>st=ut= k:r rh= q==. aty=nt= k:=rIg=rI ke: s==q= b=hum=Udy= hIr=e], n=ID=m==e] a=Er p=nn==e] a=id rtn==e] s=e j=i!t= ~]c=I ~]c=I k:m==n=e] b=n==w* j=w* q=I]. m=i[=k:=e] k:I %!= s=e rikt=m= a=B== ib=K=ert=e 8=r=e] p=r idvy= k:=]it= y=ukt= s=Q=u-s=nt= K=#eª q=e. ap=n=e s==q=I ke: p=I%e-p=I%e m=E]n=e Ak: p=>x=st= sv==g=t= k:Z= m=e] p=>v=ex= ik:y==. s=ug=inQ=t= 7vy==e] av=] g=uD==b= k:I s=ug=nQ= hv== m=e] fE:D= rhI q=I. Z=I[= dIp==e] s=e iv=iv=Q= r]g==e] ke: p=>k:=x= in=k:D= rhe q=e. B=kt==e] k:I %=e!I-%=e!I m=]#iD=y==\] v=h=\]

iv=r=j=m==n= q=I]. Wn= B=kt==e] m=e] k:u% xy==m=v=[=* ke: a=Er k:u% g==Erv=[=* ke: q=e. v=e y== t==e Q=Im=e sv=r m=e] m=]F==ecc==r[=k:r rhe q=e y== a=nt=irk: x==]it= m=e] Qy==n=m=gn= h=e k:r Qy==n=m=u7= m=e] b=E@e huA q=e. s=m=st= v==t==v=r[= a=n=ndm=y= h=e rh= q==.

y=h s=b= deK= k:r m=ere m=uK= s=e k:u% a=xc=y==e*d<g==r fU:! p=#eª, ij=s=e s=un=k:r m=ere p=q=p=>dx=*k: n=e s=h=n=uB=Uit=p=U[=* h\]s=I h\]s=t=e huA k:h= / deK= D==e, deK= D==e, K=UB= ac%I t=rh s=e deK= D==e a=Er ws= B=vy= k:D==k&:it=-y=ukt= m=hD= k:= a=n=nd D==e, ky==e]ik: ke:v=D= t=umh=re s=mm==n= ke: iD=A hI ws=k:I s=&i{! huw* hE.

……….. .. an=nt= sv==*q=s==Q=k: wc%=x=ikt= ke: s==q= Ak:=k:=r h=e b==b==j=I m=UD=B=Ut= a[=u-p=rm==[=ua=e] k:=e s=us=]y=ukt= k:r Wnhe] ik:s=I B=I a=k:=r m=e] p=>k:! k:r s=k:t=e hE]. m=uhUt=*-m==F= m=e] in=im=*t= y=h sv=[=* m=hD= Wt=n== hI v==st=iv=k: hE, ij=t=n=I y=h Q=rt=I hE. ij=s= p=>k:=r w*Sv=r k:I k:Dp=n== 8=r= p=&qv=I k:I Wtp=iT= huw* hE, a=Er Ws=k:I wc%= x=ikt= ws=e s=mp==ei{=t= k:rt=I hE, Ws=I p=>k:=r b==b== j=I n=e ws= s=undr m=hD= k:I s=&i{! ap=n=I wc%= 8=r= k:I hE, a=Er ws=ke: a[=ua=e] k:=e v=e ap=n=I wc%=x=ikt= 8=r= s=]g=i@t= ik:y=e huA hE]. j=b= ws= rc=n== k:= W6exy= p=U[=* h=e j==Aeg==, b==b==j=I Ws=k:=e iv=s=ij=*t= k:r de]g=e.

p= >st= u t= k:T== * - r =j = I v = k u : m = =r B =!n = = g =r rajiv@gita-society.com

m= UD= a ]g= > ej=I s= ]k:D=n= ï.å.âïïç k:= an= u v = =d v = i v =st = =r k:rk e : n = v =r=F= = e ] k e : x= u B = av=s=r p=r

d e v =I m==t== k e : c=r[== e ] m = e ] âï.å.äîîä k:= e B= e ]! ik:y== g=y== m=h=m==w * k:I j=y= h= e a= Er Wn=k:I k &:p== hm= s=b= p=r b=n=I rh e

dev=I-s=Ukt=

p=>=c=In= k:=D= m=e] ÇmB=&[= n==m=k: Ak: „i{= q=e. Wn=k:I v==k:< n==m=k: Ak: iv=du{=I k:ny== q=I. Ws= iv=du{=I k:ny== n=e] a=@ m=nF==e] k:I rc=n== k:I ij=nhe] dev=I-s=Ukt= ke: n==m= s=e j==n== j==t== hE. (y=h dev=I s=pt=x=t=I ke: s=Ukt==]e s=e iB=nn= hE]) –-

Çh] o7e iB=v=*s=uiB=ær=my=hm==idty=EOt= iv=Sv=dev=E/ + ah] im=F==v=O[==eB== ib=B=gu=*him=s7=gn=I ahm=iSv=n==eB==+â+

m=E] (s=icc=d=n=ndsv=Op= a=tm==) O7, v=s=u, a=idty= t=q== iv=Sv=dev==e] ke: Op=

m=e] iv=c=r[= k:rt=I hU\]. im=F=, v=O[=, wn7, aign= a=Er aiSv=n=I ku:m==r=e] k:=e m=E] hI Q==r[= k:rt=I hU\].

Çh] s==em=m==hn=s=] ib=B=gy=*h] tv={!=rB=ut= p=>{=[=] B=g=m=< +

Çh] dQ==im= 7iv=[=] hiv-{m=t=e s=p=>=vy=e y=j=m==n==y= s=unv=t=e +ä++

m=E] x=F=uhnt== s==em= k:=e, iv=Sv=k:m==* k:=e, s=Uy=* k:=e a=Er ({=#ESv=y=*x==D=I) dev==e] k:=e Q==r[= k:rt=I hU\]. j==e (m=n=u{y=) dev==e] ke: W2exy= s=e p=>c=ur hiv=* y=ukt=

s==em= y==g= a==id k:= an=u{@=n= k:rt=e hE], Wn= y=h=m==n==e] k:= y=Nf:D= m=E] hI Q==r[= k:rt=I hU\]. (m=E] j==e Ak:m==F= c=Et=ny=sv=Op= a==tm== hU\], s=m=st= k:m=*

Op= m=e], k:m=* s=]sk:=r Op= m=e] t=q== k:m=* f:D= Op= m=e] iv=r=j= rhI hU\], ws= m=nF= k:= y=hI aiB=p=>=y= hE) –

“Q==im=*k: s=]sk:=r m=E] hU], y=N m=E] hU], sv=Q== m=E] h]U, a=E{=iQ= m=E] hU], m=]F= m=E] h]U, G=I m=E] h]U, aign= m=E] h]U t=q== hv=n= k:m=* B=I m=E] hI h]U. m=E] hI ws= j=g=t= k:= ip=t==, m==t==, Q==r[=

k:rn=e v==D== a=Er ip=t==m=h hU]. m=E] hI j==n=n=e y==egy= v=st=u hU]; p=iv=F= a=e]k:=r, „gv=ed, s==m=v=ed a=Er y=j=uv=e*d B=I m=E] hI hU]. p=>=pt= k:rn=e y==egy= p=rm=Q==m=, B=r[= k:rn=e v==D==, s=b=k:= sv==m=I, s==Z=I, in=v==s=sq==n=, x=r[= D=en=e y==egy=, im=F=,

Wtp=iT=, p=>D=y=, a=Q==r, in=Q==n= a=Er aiv=n==x=I k:=r[= B=I m=E] hI hU].” (g=It== ï.âê-âè)(å.äå, ë.âî, âî.àï B=I deK=e]).

Çh] r={!MI s=]g=m=n=I v=s=Un==] ic=ik:t=u{=I p=>q=m== y=iN q==n==m=< + t==] m== dev== vy=dQ=u/ p=uOnn== B=Uirsq==F==] B=Uy==*v=ex=y=nt=Im=< +à++

m=]E (s=&i{!-isq=it=-p=>D=y=k:=ir[=I) j=g=dISv=rI hU\]. m=]E (g==e, ihr[y==id p==iq=*v= t=q== N=n=-iv=6=id ap==iq=*v=) Q=n= k:=e den=e v==D=I hU\]. m=E] Ws= N=n= k:=e den=e v==D=I hU\] ij=s=s=e j=Iv= ‘m=E]’ ke: sv=Op= k:I Wp=D=ibQ= k:r s=ke: - j==e N=n=

s=b= Wp==s=n==Ç=e] k:= a=id hE. ws= p=>k:=r ke: ‘m=E]’ (a=tm==) k:= dev=t==g=[= B=j=n= k:rt=e hE]. m=E] b=huB==v==e] m=e av=isq=t= hU\] (m=E] an=nt= B==v==e] m=e] t=q== an=nt= j=Iv==e] m=e] p=>iv={! hU\]). dev=t==g=[= m=ere b=huB==v==e] k:I Wp==s=n==

k:rt=e hE].

m=y== s==e ann=m=iT= y==e iv=p=xy=it= y=/ p=>=i[=it= y= w* S=&[==esy=uk:T=m=< + am=nt=v==e m==] t= Wp=iZ=y=int= XuiQ= Xut= Xi3v=] t=e v=d==im= +å++

j=Iv= ann=id j==e ku:% K==t== hE, j==e ku:% deK=t== hE, ij=n= Sv==s=-p=>Sv==s==id ik:y==a=e] ke: 8=r= j=Iiv=t= rht== hE, a=Er j==e k:u% s=un=t== hE, y=e ik<:y==Ae] m=ere hI 8=r= in={p=nn= h=et=I hE]. m=uz=e j==e n=hI] m==n=t=e, v=e s=]s==r m=e] Z=I[=t== p=>=pt=

k:rt=e hE]. he (Xut=) s==Emy=, X3= s=e s=un==e, j==e k:u% t=umhe m=E] k:ht=I hU\]. (he aj=u*n=, t=um= j==e ku:% k:m=* k:rt=e h=e, j==e ku:% K==t=e h=e, j==e ku:% hv=n= k:rt=e h=e, j==e d=n= det=e h=e, j==e t=p= k:rt=e h=e, v=h s=b= m=uz=e hI ap=*[= k:r=e.

(g=It== ï.äë)

Çhm=ev= s=Äim=d] v=d=im= j=u{!] dev=eiB=Ot= m==n=u{=eiB=/ + y=] k:=m=y=e t=] t=m=ug=>] k&:[==eim= t=] b=>É=[=] t=m=&i{=*] t=] s=um=eQ==m=< +ç++

m=E] sv=y=] hI wn= t=Tv==e] k:= Wp=dex= det=I hU\] a=Er dev==e] t=q== m=n=u{y==]e ke: 8=r= y=e a=d&t= h=et=e hE]. m=E] ij=s=e c==ht=I hU\] Ws=e Wnn=t=p=d det=I hU\] . Ws=e (a=Qy==tm= j=Iv=n==ep=y==eg=I) s=ub=ui3 s=mp=nn= k:rt=I hU\], a=tm=dx=I* „i{= b=n==t=I hU\] a=Er

j=g=t=< s=&i{! isq=it= p=>D=y= k:=y=* ke: Wp=y==eg=I b=>É= k:= p=d det=I hU\]. (Pgv=ed m=e] idy=e g=y=e dev=I s=Ukt= m=e] B=I dev=I k:ht=I] hE] – “m=E] ij=s= ij=s= p=uO{= k:I rZ== k:rn== c==ht=I hU]’, Ws= Ws= k:=e s=b=k:I ap=eZ== aiQ=k: x=ikt=x==D=I b=n==

det=I hU\]. Ws=I k:=e s=&i{!k:T==* b=>É=, p=r=eZ=N=n= s=mp=nn= „i{= t=q== WT=m= m=eQ==x=ikt= s=e y=ukt= b=n==t=I hU\].)

(g=It== m=e] B=I B=g=v==n=< XI k&:{[= k:ht=e hE] - m=uz= m=e] hI ic=T= k:=e isq=r rK=n=e v==D=e a=Er m=erI x=r[= m=e] a=n=e v==D=e B=kt=j=n= a=p=s= m=e] m=ere g=u[=, p=>B==v= a=id k:= k:q=n= k:rt=e huA in=rnt=r s=]t=u{! rhk:r rm=t=e hE]. (âî.îï) in=rnt=r m=ere Qy==n= m=e] D=g=e p=>em=p=Uv=*k: m=er= B=j=n= k:rn=e v==D=e B=kt==e] k:=e m=E] b=>ÉN=n= a=Er iv=v=ek: det== hU], ij=s=s=e v=e m=uz=e p=>=pt= k:rt=e hE]. (âî.âî) Wn=p=r k&:p== k:rke: Wn=ke: ant=/k:r[= m=e] rhn=e v==D==, m=E], Wn=ke: aN=n=j=in=t= anQ=k:=r k:=e t=Tv=N=n=Op=I dIp=k: 8=r= n={! k:r det== hU]. (âî.ââ))

Çh] O7=y= Qn=ur=t=n==eim= b=>Éi8{=e x=r v=e hnt=v== W +

Çh] j=n==y= s=m=-d] k&:[==egy=h] 6=v==p=&iq=v=I a= iv=v=ex= +ê++

m=E] b=>ÉN=n=-iv=r=eQ=I iv=n==x= y==egy= O7 k:=e (Ak:=dx= win7y==e] k:=e) hn=n= k:rn=e iD=A (p=>[=y=Op=) Q=n=u m=e] (Ç=tm=Op=) x=r k:= s=nQ==n= k:rt=I hU\].

(ws= p=>k:=r) m=E] m=n=u{y==e] ke: iD=A y=u3 k:rt=I hU\] Ç=Er sv=g=* Av=] m=ty=*D==ek: m=e Ç=iv=*B=Ut= (p=>iv={!) h=et=I hU\].

Çh] s= uv= e ip=t=rm=sy= m= UQ= *n= < m=m= y== ein=rps=v=nt=/ s=m= u7 e + t=t== e iv= it={@e B= uv=n==n= u iv=Sv= e t==m= U ] 6= ] v={m= *[== ep= sp= &x==im= + ë++

m=E] j=g=t=<-ip=t== (ihr[y=g=B=*) k:=e p=>s=v= k:rt=I hU\]. ws= ke: ~p=r Ç=n=ndm=y= k:=e{= k:e m=Qy=sq= iv=N=n=m=y= k:=e{= m=e] m=er= k:=r[= x=rIr Çv=isq=t= hE. m=E] s=m=g=> B=uv=n= m=e] Çn=up=>iv={! h=ek:r Çv=isq=t= hU\]. v=h s==m=n=e sv=g=* D==ek: hE,

Ws=e B=I m=E] Çp=n=e x=rIr ke: 8=r= sp=x=* k:r rhI hU\]. (g=It== - “he Çj=u*n=, m=erI ÇQy=Z=t== m=e] m==y== dev=I (Çp=n=I p=>k&:it= ke: 8=r=)

c=r=c=r j=g=t= k:=e Wtp=á k:rt=I hE. ws= t=rh s=&i{!-c=k>: c=D=t== rht== hE. (ï.âî) he Çj=u*n=, m=erI m=hd< b=>ÉOp= p=>k&:it= s=B=I p=>=i[=y==e] k:I y==ein= hE, ij=s=m=e] m=E]e ] c=et=n==Op= b=Ij= #=D=k:r (j=#ª Ç=Er c=et=n= ke: s=]y==eg= s=e) s=m=st= B=Ut==e] k:I Wtp=iT= k:rt== hU]. (âå.îà) he ku:nt=Ip=uF=, s=B=I y==ein=y==e] m=e] ij=t=n=e x=rIr p=Ed= h=et=e hE], p=>k&:it= Wn= s=b=k:I m==t== hE Ç=Er m=E] c=et=n== den=e v==D== ip=t== hU]. (âå.îå)”)

Çhm=ev= v==t= wv= p= >v==my==rB=m==[== B= uv=n==in= iv=Sv== +

p=r= eidv== p=r An== p= &iq=vy= Et==v=t=I m=ihm== s=mv=B= Uv= +è++

j=b= m=E] v==y=u ke: s=6x= p=>v==iht= h=et=I hU\], t=B=I ws= s=m=g=> B=uv=n= k:I s=&i{! k:= Ç=rmB= h=et== hE. wn= sv=g=* t=q== m=ty=*D==ek: ke: p=re B=I m=E] iv=6m==n= hU\],

y=hI hE m=erI m=ihm==.

t=nF== ekt= dev=Is= Ukt= (dug== * s=pt=x=t=I ke: ç v=e ] ÇQy==y= s=e)

n=m==e devy=E m=h=devy=E ix=v==y=E s=t=t=] n=m=/ + n=m=/ p=>k&:ty=E B=7=y=E in=y=t==/ p=>[=t== sm= t==m=< ++â++ r=E7=y=E n=m==e in=ty==y=e g==Ey=E* Q=Fy=E n=m==e n=m=/ + jy==etsn==y=E c=enduOip=[y=E s=uK==y=E s=t=t=] n=m=/ ++ä++ k:Dy==[y=E p=>[=t==] v=&3y=E is=3y=E ku:m==e* n=m==e n=m=/ + n=E„ty=E B=UB=&t==] D=Zmy=E x=v==*[y=E t=e n=m==e n=m=/ ++à++ dug==*y=E dug=*p==r=y=E s==r=y=E s=v=*k:=ir[y=E + Ky==ty=E t=q=Ev= k&:{[==y=E Q=Um=>=y=E s=t=t=] n=m=/ ++å++ Çit=s==Emy==it=r=E7=y=E n=t==st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ + n=m==e j=g=tp=>it={@=y=E devy=E k&:ty=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++ç++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{=u iv={[=um==y=eit= x=ibdt== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++ê++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{=u c=et=n=ety=iB=Q=Iy=t=e + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++ë++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= b=ui3Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++è++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= in=7=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++ï++

y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= Z=uQ==Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âî++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= s=v=*B=Ut=e{=u%=y==Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++ââ++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= x=ikt=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âä++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= t=&{[==Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âà++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= Z=int=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âå++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= j==it=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âç++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= D=jj==Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âê++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= x==int=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âë++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= X3=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âè++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= k:=int=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++âï++

y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= D=Zm=IOp=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äî++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= v=&iT=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äâ++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= sm=Uit=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++ää++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= dy==Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äà++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= t=ui{!Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äå++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= m==t=&Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äç++ y== dev=I s=v=*B=Ut=e{= B=>=int=Op=e[= s=]isq=t== + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äê++ win7y==[==m=iQ={@=F=I B=Ut==n==] c==iK=D=e{=u y== + B=t=e{=u s=t=t=] t=sy=E vy==ipt=devy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äë++ in=it=Op=e[= y==k&:tsn=m=et=d<vy==py= isq=t== j=g=t=< + n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m=st=sy=E n=m==e n=m=/ ++äè++ st=ut== s=urE/p=Uv=*m=B=I{!s=]X=y==T=q== s=uren7e[= idn=e{=u s=eiv=t== + k:r=et=u s== n=/ x=uB=het=urISv=rI x=uB==in= B=7=[y=iB=hnt=u c==p=d/ ++äï++ y== s==mp=>t=] c==e3t=dEty=t==ip=t=Ersm==iB=rIx== c= s=urEn=*m=sy=t=e +

y== c= sm=&t== t=tZ=[=m=ev= hint= n=/ s=v==*p=d=e B=ikt= iv=n=m=> m=Uit=*B=/ ++àî++ (ws=ke: b==d ‘p=>=Q==in=k:’ Ç=id t=In==e] rhsy==e] k:= p==@ ik:y== j==t== hE.)

µ µö

Wm=exv=re Wm==m=y=I, rm= exv=r e rm==m=y=I, ig=rIxv=r e p= > m==m=y=I, Z=m==m=y=I Z=m==v=t==m= <

s= uQ==k:r e s= uQ==m=y=I, c=r=c=r E iv=Q==m=y=I, ik >:y==s= u s= ] iv=Q==m=y=I, sv=Q==m=y=I sv=Q==v=t==m= <

j=g=ts= u c= e t=n==m=y=I, m=n= /s= u v==s=n==m=y=I, k:v=In7 B==v=n==m=y=I, p= >B==m=y=I p= >B==v=t==m= <

Q=n= e{= u c= ]c=D==m=y=I, k:D==v=t== ] k:D==m=y=I, x=rIir[== im=D==m=y=I, ‘ix=D==m=y=I’ s=d=v=t==m= <

j==e x=ikt= ix=v= Ç=Er iv={[=u ke: s=m=Ip= Wm== Ç=Er rm== ke: Op= m=e] hE v=hI

ig=rISv=re v==kp=it= m=e] p=>m==m=y=I y=q==q=* N=n= Op= s=e v=T=*m==n= hE. v==[=I m=e] j==e p=>m== hE v=h x=ikt= k:I x=ikt= hE. s=uQ==k:r m=e] s=uQ== Op=, sq==v=r-j=]g=m==tm=k: p=>p=]c= m=e] p=>k:=rm=y=I, ik>:y==Ç=e] m=e] s=]iv=Q==n= Op= s=e t=q== ip=t=r=e] m=e] sv=Q== Op=

s=e iv=6m==n= hE. p=>k:=rm=y=I k:= t==tp=y=* hE ik: sq==v=r Ç=Er j=]g=m==e] m=e] v=h x=ikt= hI t==e s=v=*F= vy==pt= hE. ke:v=D= y=h sq==v=r hE, y=h j=]g=m= hE, Ç=id p=>k:=r-m==F= B=edk: hE. j=g=t= m=e] c=et=n==Op=, m=n= m=e] p=>=kk:m=* j=in=t= s=]sk:=r

(v==s=n==) Op=, k:iv=y==e] m=e] B==v=n==-x=ikt=Op=, p=>B==x==iD=y==e] m=e] p=>B==Op=, m=eG==e] m=e] iv=6u7Up= s=e, k:D==x==iD=y==e] m=e] k:D==Op= s=e, x=rIr Q==iry==e] m=e] wD== (p=&iq=v=I)

Op= s=e iv=6m==n=, v=h B=g=v=t=I ix=D==m=y=I hm==rI s=d= rZ== k:re]

idn= es= m= e ] p= >B==m=y=I, m=y ]=k: c== ] i7k:=m=y=I, h ut==s= Q=Ir Q==m=y=I p= >k:=s=m==n= k:=y= h E +

p= ur=t=n=I p=r=m=y=I j=g=tp=r]p=r=m=y=I, p= ur=n= b= >É B==m=y=I p= >k:=m= k:=m=d=y= hE +

Q=r=m=y=I c=r=m=y=I Ç=s= ep=q==v=r=m=y=I, Çn= ]d k: ]dr=m=y=I Çm=]db= ui3B==y= hE +

iv=r]ic=m= e ] ig=r=m=y=I, r m= es= m= e ] rm==m=y=I, m=hes= m= e ] Wm==m=y=I, is=D==m=y=I s=h=y= hE ++

d=e v={=* k:I Çv=sq== v==D=I k:ny== ku:m==rI, t=In= v={=* k:I iF=m=Uit=*, c==r v={=* k:I

k:Dy==[=I, p==\]c= v={=* k:I r=eih[=I, %h v={=* k:I k:=iD=k:=, s==t= v={=*k:I c=i[#k:=, Ç=@ v={=*k:I x==mB=v=I, n==E v={=* k:I dug==* Ç=Er ds= v={=* k:I k:ny== s=uB=7= k:hI g=y=I hE. Aes=I ds= k:um==iry==e] k:=e Çnn=, v=sF=, B=U{=[=, f:UD=,

Çn=uD=ep=, n=Ev=e6, p==6, ÇQy=*, Q=Up=, ku:]ku:m=, c=ndn= t=q== j=D= Ç=id Çp=*[= k:rke:, ib=n==-j==it= B=ed ke:, p=Uj=n= k:rn== c==ihA. Aes== k:rn=e s=e iv=j=y=, m=]g=D= t=q== iF=B=uv=n= k:I t=&ipt= k:= f:D= im=D=t== hE. ku:m==rI p=Uj=n= s=e m=h=n=< B=y=, duiB=*Z= Ç=id Wtp==t=, du/sv=pn=, dum=&*ty=u t=q== Çny= B=y==e] k:= in=v==r[= h=et== hE. p=Uij=t=

huw* k:um==iry==\] iv=Gn=, B=y=, Ç=Er Çty=nt= Wtk:! x=F=uÇ=e] k:=e B=I n={! k:r det=I hE]. ku:m==rI s==Z==t=< y==eig=n=I hE. j==e ku:m==rI p=Uj=n= k:rt== hE, Ws= p=r c=r=c=r p=>=[=I

p=>s=nn= h=et=e hE]. (y==eig=n=I t=nF=, y==m=D= t=nF=, k:=D=I t=nF=, O7y==m=D= t=nF=, ku:ibj=k:= t=nF= Ç=id s=B=I m=e] Aes== hI iD=K== hE. m=nF=m=h=EdiQ= ke: Ç@=rv=e] t=r]g=

m=e] B=I Aes== hI iD=K== hE)

USE OF ALLEGORY AND SYMBOLS IN DURGA SAPTASHATI

This document has been compiled by me by the grace of Mother Goddess Durga1. I have only been able to put together some prayers at the feet of Mother Goddess

from different books and sources. I pray Her to help me and humbly seek Her Blessings in this humble effort, which is solely meant to sing the praise of Mother Goddess Bhagwati, also known as Maha Saraswati, Chitta Swarupini, Ambika, Mahakali, the Gentle Mother showering Her Divine Grace on

all beings2. 1 Durga is one of the thousand names of Goddess Parvathi, the consort of Lord Siva. 2 Please see LALITA-SAHASTRA-NAMA STROTRA, Saubhagya Bhaskar Bhashya, Verse 17, which reads - Purusham Vaa Smredh Devi Stri Rupam Vaa Vichintayet, Athwa Nishkalam Dhyayet Sat Chit Anand Lakshnam, meaning "

the reader to understand the use of allegory and symbols used in the Holy Book DURGA SAPTASHATI, which is part of Markandeya Purana (81st Chapter). Durga Saptashati contains 700 verses in 13 Chapters divisible into 3 Parts. Let us first recapitulate the story of Durga Saptashati3 in brief, before we proceed further. A King named Suratha is deprived of his kingdom by the machinations of his ministers and a Vaishya (merchant) named Samadhi is driven out of his home by his ungrateful wife and children. Both of them feel very unhappy and go to the hermitage of a sage named Medha to seek consolation. There they ask the sage why people in this

(..continued) Transcendental Bliss". We should worship God as a Male God to get the love and affection as from a Father, as a Female God to get love as from a Mother. CHIDGAGANCHANDRIKA says, "Amb, You are neither a male, nor a female, nor neuter. Your Husband is also beyond all these attributes. Without your Divine Grace, we can not think of you or worship you". 3 The study on symbolism as used in Durga Saptashati, as well as its abridged story is heavily based on the Book titled "An Introduction to Hindu Symbolism" by Shri I. K.

be surprised at in this universal phenomenon of human life. The Divine Power (Devi) 4 which lies at the basis of this

4 The symbolic representation of Sakti as a woman has often raised a good deal of criticism from theists who are convinced of the masculine nature of God. In Sir John Woodroffe's words, a critic of this school once described Saktism as a "a worthless system, a mere feminisation of orthodox Vedanta - a doctrine teaching the primacy of the female and thus fit only for "suffragist monists". God as the absolute is neither male nor female nor neuter in the sense optimists and sociologists use the terms, but "God is Mother to the Sadhaka (of the Sakta School) who worships Her Lotus Feet, the dust of which are millions of universes". Says the Devi in Devi Bhagvata, "That Male (Purusa) and myself are ever the same .... The Purusa is what I am, I am what the Purusa is.. O Aja, for the purpose of creation the difference arises at the time of creation. It is only the difference between the seen and unseen. At the time of dissolution I am neither male nor male nor neuter. The difference is imagined only at the time of creation". According to Sakta scriptures, it is

Mahamaya (the Great Illusion) which involved human beings in the circuit of Samsara (Transmigratory Experience) and results in their remaining attached even to those things which are a source of misery to them. The king then asks several questions about this Divine Power (Devi). Who is She? Where does She come from? How does She work? The Sage explains the nature of this Universal Divine Power (Devi) or Durga and then proceeds to narrate for the benefit of Suratha and Samadhi a story describing the recurrent appearance of Devi to help the Devas and destroy the Daityas.5

(..continued) symbolically consider Sakti in Her creative aspect as the female, because it is the productive principle. On the basis of our worldly experience, the Saktas have conceived of the Supreme Being as the Divine Mother, for like the human mother She is more direct and active agent in the production and nourishment of the world-child.

- from Two Forms of Sakti - Tripura Sundari and Kali.

The Kalyana Kalptaru (Siva Number Vol.XXXVI, No.1) Oct'90 p.318

5 Durga Saptashati contains many wars of

the world is best given in a nutshell in the last two lines of 11th Chapter where the Devi promises to appear and help the Devas whenever they are overpowered by the forces of evil. In these two lines we find an almost exact reproduction of the idea in the well known stanza6. The Story in Durga Saptashati may, therefore, be considered as an illustration and elaboration of this idea or promise, given in these two books, of Divine intervention when the affairs of humanity go seriously wrong and threaten to get out of control. The Durga Saptashati is generally used in the invocation of Shakti or Divine Power (Devi) for help in removing different kinds of difficulties which beset human beings, individually or collectively, or in gaining some object which the worshipper desires for his personal satisfaction. The proper recitation of the whole book accompanied by a ritual is believed to produce remarkable results in achieving one's aim owing to the influx of Divine Power (Devi) and a (..continued) descriptions of wars with Asuras/Daityas. The first and foremost description of Devi's war with Asuras is found in SAUR PURANA. In this Purana Siva destroyed Rakt-Aksha and Dhumra-Aksha etc. Daityas.

6 Chapter IV Verse 7 of Srimad Bhagwad Geeta : "Yada Yada hi Dharmasya

or some other calamity. The question whether the use of a book of this nature in this manner is desirable or justifiable from the spiritual point of view need not be considered here, as even a cursory study of the book will reveal that invocation of Divine Power (Devi) is not only allowed but also encouraged in the book. The Theosophists will understand and agree that the whole book is about different stages in the unfoldment of man and hints that the invocation and descent of Divine Power (Devi) from within one's own heart enables an aspirant to overcome his weaknesses and difficulties and advance further at different stages of his progress. The idea that the story gives in allegories is not new. Many students who have studied the book carefully and tried to go deeper into its meaning have sensed the fact that the story is not to be taken literally but has a deeper meaning bearing on the struggle which is going on all the time between forces which help the advance of man towards his goal and those which retard or block his progress. Some have even tried to correlate different features of the story with the stages of development which they indirectly indicate. But this has been done in a rather sketchy manner, and has not been able to bring out fully the allegorical nature of the whole story. The story in the first part relates to the period

devour Brahma the Creator. Brahma in His desperation prayed to Yoga-Nidra, the special Power of Vishnu which functions during the period of dissolution to wake up the Lord, and make Him destroy these two Daityas who threatened His life. When Vishnu woke up He began to fight with the Daityas with His bare hands. But when He was not able to kill them even after five thousand years He used His power of illusion as a result of which the arrogant Daityas said to Vishnu : "We are very pleased with your valour. Ask for a boon from us." Vishnu replied : "If you are pleased to give a boon then submit to being killed by me." Being thus caught in a trap they thought they could yet escape death by laying down a condition which was impossible to fulfil for there was nothing but the Ocean all round. So they said : "But You will have to kill us on dry land." Whereupon

7 In Vedic Period, the first month of the year was called MADHU. Another month name is MADHAV. In fact these two months were the Spring Season Months. 8 The story of Madhu Kaitabha also appears in DEVI BHAGWAT, Part-I, Chapters 6 to 9. In MATASYA PURANA (170/2), and KALIKA PURANA (Ch 61), these two Daityas Madhu and Kaitabh are called Rajo Guna and

According to second story a Daitya called Mahishasura was born at one time and became so powerful that he drove out all the Devas from Heaven and became the lord of all the three worlds. He oppressed the Devas so much that they went in a body under the leadership of Brahma to Vishnu and Shiva. On hearing the complaint of the Devas, Vishnu and Shiva became very angry and as a result of this a light came out from their bodies and that of the other Devatas. All these lights combined and took the form of a Devi whose radiance filled the whole Universe. Each of the Devatas then presented to this Devi a weapon or an ornament as a gift. After the Devi had been equipped in this manner, She began to produce a tremendous sound which filled all space. On hearing this sound Mahishasura gathered his hosts and rushed towards its source. When he reached the spot, he saw the Devi standing there with arms extending in all directions and holding all kinds of weapons. The

9 At many places, in Riga Veda and elsewhere Madhu is called SURYA and Kaitabha CHANDRA. Setting the discipline for Sun and Moon at the time of Manifestation of

fiercely the Daityas fought, how all the breaths of the Devi were transformed into fighters fully equipped with all kinds of weapons and the battle raged until the Daitya army was routed. When Mahishasura saw his army being routed he took the form of a buffalo (from which the name Mahishasura is derived) and rushed towards the Devi. When She saw Mahishasura coming towards Her, She threw Her lasso round his neck and tied him down. Thereupon Mahishasura took the forms of different animals, one after another, and ultimately a form with the upper part of a human being and the lower part of a buffalo. When the Daitya was undergoing this transformation the Devi transfixed him with Her lance and cut off his head. The remaining Daityas ran away to Patala (the nether world) and the Devatas and sages rejoiced, worshipped the Devi and sang a Hymn in Her praise. When the Devi asked them what they wanted, they said : "By killing Mahishasura you have already ended our misery. But if you want to grant us a boon, then, O Mother ! be pleased to appear and remove our difficulties whenever we remember you in our distress. And may those who invoke you through this hymn obtain what they desire for their welfare." The Devi granted their prayer and disappeared. Thus ends the second part of the story. The third part of the story which is the longest and most important from allegorical point of view

remembered the promise that the Devi had given on the previous occasion and prayed to Her to come and put an end to their misery. The Devi appeared in the form of Parvati and on learning why She had been invoked, a part of Her was projected outside in the form of a beautiful Devi called Ambika whereby Parvati was transformed into another Devi called Kalika who was black and ugly. Two Daityas, called Chanda and Munda, saw Ambika and went and told Shumbha about her indescribable beauty. Thereupon Shumbha asked Sugriva, his attendant, to go immediately to Ambika and very tactfully persuade Her to become his consort. When Sugriva conveyed the message, Ambika replied : "I am under a vow. Only he who can conquer me in battle and thus destroy my egoism can be my Lord. If Shumbha wants me in marriage let him come and first defeat me in battle." When Shumbha heard the Devi's reply he became very angry and ordered Dhumra-Lochana to go with any army and forcibly bring the Devi. A fierce battle followed in which Dhumra-Lochana was killed and his army was completely routed. Another army was sent under the two Daityas, Chanda and Munda, but it met the same fate. Chanda was killed by the Devi by merely uttering the syllable ham. Then Shumbha ordered Raktabija to go with another large army. But before the battle began the Devi sent Shiva as a messenger to Shumbha

Then followed a fierce battle in which all the Devatas sent their respective Powers to help the Devi, each Power having the same form as the corresponding Devata. The army of the Daityas was again routed and Rakta-bija was killed. Shumbha, the king of the Daityas, himself came to the battlefield, after Nishumbha, his own brother, was also killed and started fighting with all kinds of weapons. When he found he could not do anything he taunted the Devi thus : "You are very proud of your valour but your success is due solely to the help you are getting from the other Powers." The Devi replied : "I am One10. There is no one else besides me. Look ! they are all my own expressions and I am taking them back into myself. I will now fight thee alone." When She said this all the Powers which had been sent to Her by the different Devatas11 disappeared and the Devi was left 10 "Devi, You are the Universal Mind, Ether, Air, Fire, Water and Earth. There is nothing in the Universe beyond you or except you. You Yourself manifest Your Divine Power through Yoga Shakti and stay as Parvati in all Your Glory by the side of Lord Shiva". (SAUNDARYA LEHRI 35.)

11 According to Hindu philosophy this Universe is merely an expression or

exercised in relation to the manifested Universe must be rooted in that Brahman and must be ultimately His Functions and Powers. The Devis and Devatas can, therefore, be nothing but representations of His Functions and Powers. In the manifested Universe, each function must be related to its specific power which can make it effective; so that the whole set of functions is matched by a corresponding set of powers like an object and its shadow, and the Devis and Devatas can thus be paired off scientifically.

The Devatas and Devis are shown in male and female forms because the function and the corresponding power which enables that function to be exercised are related to each other as two poles, or positive and negative principles. In fact the existence of the manifested Universe depends upon the primary differentiation of the one Reality into two polar aspects, one positive and another negative, the positive aspect being the source of all functions and negative, powers. These two opposite aspects are called Shiva and Shakti and from them arise all the functions and powers which are required when a manifested universe comes into existence. The main functions are, of course, those of

ultimately even weapons were discarded and the fight went on with fists etc. In the last stage of this fight Shumbha jumped up and went into the Akasha (sky) and the fight went on until he was killed. When the Daityas were finally defeated the Devatas offered to the Devi one of the most beautiful and philosophically profound hymns12. This hymn throws light on the different aspects of Divine Power in its philosophical and religious aspects and raises the heart of the devotee to the (..continued) there are innumerable others which are derived from or associated with these.

Page 11-13, Chapter - DEVIS and DEVATAS

AN INTRODUCTION TO HINDU SYMBOLISM : I. K. TAIMINI

12 Talking of Hymns, please also refer to the Hymn offered by Mahatma Arjuna just before the famous Maha Bharata War was fought. As the two forces were ready to strike, Lord Krishna directed Mahatma Arjuna to offer a Hymn to Bhagwati Durga and seek Her Blessings for winning the War. Mother Goddess appeared in the War field and Blessed Mahatma Arjuna. Pandavas won. The Hymn (Namastey Sidh Senani Arye Mandar Vasini ...)

personal to the universal level. After the hymn the Devi promised to appear and destroy the forces of evil whenever this was necessary, made a few predictions, and disappeared. Thus ends the story narrated by the great sage Medha before Suratha and Samadhi. The sage advised them to take refuge in the same Divine Power to get rid of the illusions and consequent attachments. After hearing this story both of them realized the futility of pining for the world and its enjoyments and decided to retire to the banks of a nearby river and perform tapasya (austerities) so that they could also get a vision of the Devi. When they had completed their Sadhana and were ready, the Devi appeared before them and asked them what they wanted. Suratha who had lost his kingdom prayed that he might be helped to regain it and rule over it without attachment. Samadhi wanted nothing except Moksha or Liberation. The Devi granted the prayers of both and She then disappeared. Here also ends the Story of Durga Saptashati in its external aspect. Anyone who reads it can see easily that it is an allegorical presentation of some truths and without such inner significance it would be a meaningless mythological story with no relation to the facts of real life. However, while this will be clear it will not be easy to decipher the allegory

see immediately that the story in Durga Saptashati seeks to give, in an allegorical form, the liberation of human consciousness from the illusions, limitations and attachments of the lower worlds. These limitations and illusions are a necessary part of the evolutionary process, through which the embryonic soul has to pass, before it is fit to undertake the struggle with these limitations and illusions and to realize its true Divine nature which leads to its Liberation. The jivatma (individual soul) is essentially Divine but in its descent into the lower worlds of manifestation loses the awareness of its Divine nature and its evolution in these worlds takes place in a state of spiritual darkness. When, because of having reached a fairly high stage of mental development and maturity, it is fit to enter the field of spiritual evolution it faces its first difficulty on this path. The personality, through the instrumentality of which this spiritual evolution has to take place, is cut off from its Divine source and is not even aware that it has a Divine origin and a Divine destiny to fulfil. Its Buddhi or intuition has not begun to function, viveka (discrimination) is not yet born and so in spite of its readiness for the higher stages of evolution and in spite of the intellect being highly developed, the spiritual soul remains imprisoned within the unenlightened and wayward personality and there is no means of redeeming it. Two dangers especially threaten it : the eternal pursuit of pleasure and power by the personality. It is under these conditions of spiritual pralaya

The first part of the story obviously represents this stage. Brahma who symbolizes the Universal Mind and is represented by the Higher mind in the microcosm prays to Vishnu to destroy the two enemies, Madhu and Kaitabha. The awakening of Vishnu is obviously the birth of discrimination in the personality. When the light of Buddhi irradiates the mind it destroys complacence and makes even the personality see partially the illusions and limitations of ordinary human life and the urgent necessity of unfolding the spiritual nature. The way is thus opened for the higher stages of evolution and the redemption of the jivatma. One interesting and significant point in this part of the story is that it is the two enemies of Brahma, Madhu and Kaitabha, who in their infatuation ask Vishnu to request them for a boon, and thus bring about their own destruction. Does not the lower mind or the lower self in man open the door for discrimination by directing its attention to the higher spiritual worlds in the hope of gaining subtle pleasures and greater powers? It is a common experience that people do not generally enter the path of spiritual unfoldment directly. They are gradually lured into it by the desire of gaining and enjoying the pleasures and powers of the subtler worlds - in the heaven of the orthodox religious people, or by developing psychic powers. This inquiry into

destroys not only the desire for the pleasures and powers of the lower life but also those of the subtler worlds. The desire to find that Reality, which transcends the phenomenal world, replaces all other desires. We thus see how the desire for pleasures and power by taking a subtler form brings about its own destruction and it is this phenomenon which is symbolized by the destruction of Madhu and Kaitabha by Vishnu. After discrimination has developed to an adequate degree and spiritual evolution has been made possible the first great difficulty which appears in the path of the aspirant is the lower self with all its animal propensities and undesirable tendencies of the lower mind. For ordinarily, discrimination gives only perception and not control, and when the aspirant begins to feel the need for changing his life and treading the path but finds the lower self with all its ingrained lower desires and tendencies blocking his way, the struggle between the lower and the Higher self in man begins. In addition, it is a struggle of various characters in which he has to fight on many fronts at the same time and requires different kinds of faculties and powers. In the early stages when his pride and egoism are still strong he depends solely upon his own mental powers to fight this multi front battle. But he soon realizes that though this struggle requires self-confidence and self reliance success cannot be achieved

gradually learns to utilize them in this difficult struggle with his lower nature. And it is only when these spiritual powers come to his aid that he begins to gain ascendency over the lower self. True self-reliance is not reliance on the lower self but upon the Divine Self who is present in the heart of every human being. The battle is long lasting and sometimes fierce but if the aspirant perseveres and does not lose his faith in the Divine Power within him the lower self is ultimately vanquished and ceases to be an obstruction in his path. He has still many hurdles to cross, and many subtler enemies to conquer but he has been able to eliminate those tamasic (passive) tendencies, which resist all his efforts to bring about the required transformations within himself. The story of Mahishasura depicts this phase of our spiritual development in an allegorical form. The following points will show its allegorical nature. In the first place, the Devas go to Vishnu and Shiva under the leadership of Brahma and pray for deliverance from the tyranny of Mahisasura. This is an allegorical method of pointing out that the aspirant is still in the realm of the intellect largely and has not yet unfolded his spiritual faculties. No direct access to the spiritual or Divine world is possible for him and it is under the inspiration and guidance of the Higher mind that this effort to arouse his

awakening. These different kinds of powers which are merely differentiated forms of the One Supreme Power are needed at this stage because of the multifarious nature of the task which has to be accomplished and also because the aspirant is not yet sufficiently developed to utilize Spiritual Power in its undifferentiated form. It is through this composite, non specific spiritual power working in different spheres, which is shown in the allegory to be derived from the different Devatas, that the lower self is conquered and the way is opened for spiritual unfoldment. Two significant features of this part of the story may be noted. The first is the different forms, which Mahisasura assumes in fighting the Devi before he is finally transfixed by Her lance and killed. He takes the forms of a buffalo, a lion and elephant in succession which no doubt symbolize the different animal tendencies in man. The human form which finally comes out of the animal form is obviously the lower mind in its earlier stages of development when it is merely an instrument of the lower desires and refuses to be an instrument of the Higher self. The second important point we may note here is the promise, which the Devi gives to the Devas to appear before them whenever they remember and invoke Her in their difficulties. This symbolizes the fact that after

stage in spiritual development and is indispensable for treading the path of Higher Yoga. As we have seen in the allegory this privilege is gained only after the death of the lower self, or rather its subservience to the Higher Self. When the lower nature in man has been controlled and purified and serves merely as an instrument of the Higher Self, the lower self may be said to be dead. The third part of the story is the longest and the most important from the point of view of its spiritual significance. This is to be expected because real spiritual unfoldment begins only when the light of Buddhi or discrimination steadily irradiates the mind and the lower nature of the aspirant have been completely subjugated. The first two stages merely prepare the ground for the real work, which is to follow in the third stage. The story again begins with the invocation of Divine Power by the Devas although the enemies on this occasion are different and the invocation of the Divine Power is direct. The Daityas against whom help is now sought are the `enemies' who beset the path of the Yogi in the higher stages of his spiritual unfoldment. Let us consider a few salient features of this part of the story. The desire of Shumbha to win the Devi as his

13 Chapter-34 : MATERIALIZING A PALACE IN THE HIMALYAS (Excerpts from An Autobiography of a Yogi : by Swami Paramhansa Yoganand ji) "......My first meeting with Babaji took place in my 33rd year. Lahiri Mahasaya ( He was guru of Swami Paramhansa) had said. In the autumn of 1861, I was stationed in Danapur as an accountant in the Military Engineering Department of the Government. One morning the office manager summoned me. Lahiri, he said, a telegram has just come from our main office. You are to be transferred to Ranikhet...

...I finally reached a small clearing whose sides were dotted with caves. On one of the rocky ledges stood a smiling young man, extending his hand in welcome. I noticed with astonishment that, except for his copper coloured hair, he bore a remarkable resemblance to myself. Lahiri, you have come! The saint addressed me affectionately in Hindi. Rest here in this cave. It was I who called you.

wondrous current swept through my brain, releasing the sweet seed memories of my previous life....I tearfully embraced my master's feet. For more than three decades, I have waited for you to return to me. Babaji's voice rang with celestial love. You slipped away and disappeared into the tumultuous waves of the life beyond death. The magic wand of your karma touched you, and you were gone. Though you lost sight of me, never did I lose sight of you. I pursued you over the luminescent astral sea where the glorious angels sail. ...He led the way through the forest. At a turn in the path I saw a steady luminosity in the distance. Can that be the sunrise. I enquired. The hour is midnight. Yonder light is the glow of a golden palace, materialized here tonight by the peerless Babaji. In the dim past, you once expressed a desire to enjoy the beauties of a palace. Our master is now satisfying your wish, thus freeing you from the last bond of your karma. (The karmic law requires that every human wish find ultimate fulfilment. Desire is thus the chain that binds man to the reincarnational wheel.) The magnificent palace will be the scene of your initiation tonight into Kriya Yoga. All your brothers here join in a paean of welcome, rejoicing at

It is this subtlest kind of egoism and ambition which find expression on the highest levels that is symbolized by Shumbha, and Devi's vow in the story merely points out that only he who has been able to destroy this egoism can use the spiritual power. If the Yogi yields to the temptation and tries to gain this power while his ego is still active he comes in conflict with the Power and fights until the egoism is destroyed. If his discrimination is sufficiently developed and he does not yield to the temptation, he still needs the help of that Power for transcending the illusion, which is the cause of this subtlest kind of egoism. So in both cases it is the

(..continued) Before us, in dazzling gold, stood a vast

palace. Ornamented with countless jewels, set amidst landscaped gardens reflected in tranquil pools - a spectacle of unparalleled grandeur. Towering arches were intricately inlaid with great diamonds, sapphires, and emeralds. Men of angelic countenance were stationed by gates redly resplendent with rubies. .... I examined the vase; its jewels were worthy of a king's collection. I passed my hand over the room walls, thick with glistening gold. Deep satisfaction spread over my mind. A submerged desire, hidden in my subconsciousness from lives now gone, seemed simultaneously gratified and

existence). It is this "I" , the spiritual ego which gives a sense of asmita (separate existence) that really encloses or circumscribes the centre of Divine Consciousness and the destruction of the "I" means the disappearance of the circumference leaving only the Centre. Before the destruction of "I" consciousness can take place many other tendencies which block the progress of the Yogi and which are sometimes referred to as fetters must be eliminated. Those Daityas whom Shumbha sent with an army to fight the Devi before he himself came to the battlefield symbolize these in the story. They have been given names such as Dhumra-Lochana, Chanda-Munda and Rakta-bija which are significant. We could try to correlate these names with particular tendencies referred to above but it is better not to enter this controversial ground. For, ideas regarding the nature of these tendencies and the names used for them differ in different systems of Yoga although they succeed in bringing about the same result ultimately. So we should be content here with the general statement that in his progress towards the goal of Liberation or Enlightenment different kinds of subtle undesirable tendencies which bar the path of the Yogi come up and are destroyed by the Divine Power working within him. When he is free from these tendencies he is ready for the final struggle in which his ego is liquidated and he stands free with his consciousness united

"I can give my hand only to him who conquers me by superior power." The second interesting point in the third part of the story is the use of certain sounds by the Devi in killing certain Daityas. The use of mantras or particular combinations of sounds in spiritual unfoldment are well known. These mantras or mystic syllables are frequently utilized in Yogic practice for removing certain tendencies or unfolding certain states of consciousness. Besides this, certain sounds or combinations of sounds are used at the time of initiations to bring about a temporary expansion of consciousness. However, naturally all these things are kept strictly secret and no one can know them until he is ready for the particular stage of development. Then we come to another significant feature of the story. It will be remembered that after Chanda-Munda were killed another army was sent by Shumbha under the command of Rakta-bija. But before the battle began all the Devatas sent their specific Powers to help the Devi in her fight with the Daityas. On this occasion, however, the Powers retain their separate identity and do not coalesce as on the previous occasion when Mahishasura was killed. What does this signify? That it is only in the third stage after the lower self has been completely mastered and some other tendencies

to this time. As is well known, it is only after the disciple has reached a certain stage of spiritual development that he is allowed to develop Yogic Powers systematically in the Sadhana - Chatustaya or the fourfold discipline for Liberation. It is also worth noting in this connection that the Devi gives to Shumbha the option to retire to the nether regions after restoring the kingdom of Heaven to the Devas. This means that it is not necessary for the Yogi to proceed to the last step, which means the destruction of his “I”, and Liberation. He can retain his separate identity and the use of the lower siddhis if he so desires. But if he wants Liberation and the Supreme Spiritual Power, which accompanies Liberation then his separate identity or ego must disappear. There is no other way. The description given in the Durga Saptashati of the final battle of the Devi with Shumbha throws some light on the manner in which the destruction of the "I" or the ego takes place. The withdrawal by the Devi of all Her different forms into Herself represents the fact that the in last stages of the destruction of the ego, before Self-Realization it is the Spiritual Power in its purity which is functioning and not any one of its differentiated forms. The struggle has been shifted to the highest or subtlest level and this is to be expected.

that the last stage of the battle is fought in Akasha obviously means that the "I" of the Yogi is attenuated progressively and it must be reduced to its subtlest form before it can be eliminated. The last point that we may note in this allegory is the significance of the difference in the boons granted by the Devi to Suratha and Samadhi. This no doubt hints at the existence of the two paths, which are open to the Self-realized Yogi after attaining Liberation. One path leads back to the world he has transcended and he carries on the Divine work in the lower worlds and helps his brethren who are still struggling in the realms of illusion and limitations. The other path takes him out of the lower worlds of manifestation to do some work in the spiritual realms about which we can have no conception. A close and careful study of the Hindu scriptures should convince anybody who has some insight into these things that it is not only the Vedas, Upanishads, the philosophical works, and such other high class literature which are the repository of the highest philosophical and religious truths, but even popular literature like the Puranas contains, as an integral part of it, the highest wisdom though in a veiled form. In fact, it is this dilution of wisdom with stories and illustrations which has made it easily assimilable,

there are a thousand who study them clothed in the popular form of stories, and that is how these truths have continued to influence and inspire the masses, generation after generation. What has been said concerning the presentation of spiritual ideals through stories holds well also about the presentation of spiritual and philosophical concepts in the form of symbols. The deeper truths of spiritual life are really beyond the garbs of the lower mind and are matters of direct realization in the deeper states of consciousness. Nevertheless, a keen and trained intellect may be able to deal with these truths, partially and indirectly, in the form of philosophical conceptions and concepts. The ordinary man finds it very difficult to understand them or to take any real interest in them. Are the masses then to be deprived completely of the benefit of knowing these truths? The art of symbolism was created to enable the ordinary man to derive at least some advantage from these ideas, to keep alive his interest in them and thus make possible the transmission of these precious ideas from generation to generation as part of the general culture and heritage. A symbol is a concrete thing which every man can see and remember. If he understands its inner significance well, the symbolic representation does not interfere with his understanding of the truth. On the other

with the truth and derive some inspiration from it. Even the most learned philosopher can, at best, know the truth very vaguely as long as he has not realised it directly. Even if he takes the thing literally, which is hardly possible for any sane person, he carries in his mind a form which can be invested with life and meaning quite easily. In fact, it will be difficult to find any individual in India, in whose mind these symbols associated with Divine life are not associated in some degree with meaning and who does not feel more or less devotion towards them. We thus see that symbols and allegories may to a certain extent step down the truths of the higher life and may even debase them, but they keep them alive and thus enable the common people to derive some measure of inspiration from them. We should realise what an important part symbolism plays in our life. Language through which we communicate ideas is purely symbolical in character. We assign certain meanings to words and then use these words as coins or counters for the communication of ideas. There is no natural relationship between words and the ideas for which they stand except when they are used for their sound effect in Mantra Yoga. When for example, the word Prasannam is used in the dhyana-mantra of Mahesha we use a sound for representing the state of ananda (bliss) in which He lives. When a smile is shown on His face in a

time to the study of Hindu religion and done much to spread this knowledge among Western people. But they have done it in a purely academic spirit, regarding these things as relics of the phases through which the Hindu mind has passed in the past and to which it is clinging rather credulously in the present. The westerners have studied the Hindu Literature with the same detachment and care with which they have studied the primitive custom of tribes in the heart of Africa. Durga Saptashati not only contains lot of messages for Sadhaks, but also for Society. It seeks to regulate our lives ideally. Through different wars that Devi fought with Daityas, we learn many lessons. The army of Devi invites the combined force of Women in the country. Is not the valour shown by Devi manifest in Durgavati, Lakshmi Bai etc. Indian Queens. Maha Shakti does incarnate for killing demon kings like Ravana, Kansa, Duryodhana etc. In the ninth chapter of Durga Saptashati, the valour shown by Kali, Chandi, Kaumari, Brahmani, Maheshwari, Varahi, Vaishnavi, and Aindri depicts how Women Power in the Country should unite and assemble like an invincible army to defend itself and save the country from chaos it is in today. All men should derive a lesson from the 6th verse in Chapter 11 : "Vidya Samasta Stav Devi Bheda, Striya Samasta Sakla Jagatsu" meaning that "Devi, All branches of knowledge are Your different Incarnations and All Women in the

Saptashati also contains lessons for the countries. The Society should be petal soft at heart but cruel in dealing with enemies of country. Look at how Devi destroys Rakta-bija, without allowing any blood drop to fall on earth. It destroys the enemy completely. It is a great political and diplomatic theory for leaders of any country (Aiva Mesha Shayam Daityaha Shin Rakto Gamishyati, Durga Saptashati 8/55). Consider yourself as Lion the Vahana of Maha Maya and seek to eliminate destructive forces, which are enemies of the society. Durga Saptashati tells us that women are courageous, learned, saints and are in fact many incarnations of Devi Herself. In the Divine Mother concept, the Goddess is supposed to love Her children just because we are Her children. She is always ready to forgive everything and gather us into Her protective, nourishing bosom.

- Compiled by : R. K. Bhatnagar 9.4.1995 For IP Lodge Talk