Concepts Of Education In Malaysia Concepts Of Education In Malaysia Lecturer : Tuan Hj. BaghawiLecturer : Tuan Hj. Baghawi

Group Members :

Muhammad Anwar bin Mohd Kamal Liyana Syahirah binti KamaruddinDiana Genudd a/k SagaShalini d/o Kandayah

Definition of AuthorityDefinition of Authority

The power or right to give orders or make decisions.

The legitimate or socially approved use of power.

Legal or rightful power; a right to command or to act; power exercised by a person in virtue of his office or trust; dominion; authorization.

Definition of IndoctrinationDefinition of Indoctrination

To instruct in a doctrine, principle, ideology, etc.

The process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology.

Infiltrating concepts, attitudes, beliefs and theories into a student’s mind by passing her free and critical deliberation.

The indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically examine the doctrine they have learned.

The Meaning of EducationThe Meaning of Education

Is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual.

The process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another.

Must lead to the ability to think, perceive and feel deliberately – on ones own preference.

Criteria of Indoctrination in EducationCriteria of Indoctrination in Education

The concept of indoctrination refers to unethical influencing in a teaching situation.

The criteria that have been used in education are divided into four classes:

1. method of teaching as a criterion of indoctrination.2. content of teaching as criterion of indoctrination.3. intention of teaching as criterion of indoctrination.4. consequence of teaching as a criterion of doctrination.

Method of Teaching as a Criterion of Method of Teaching as a Criterion of Indoctrination Indoctrination

To connect indoctrination to a certain teaching method.

Methods :1. Teaching is authoritarian2. Teaching content is drilled in students’ minds3. There are threading elements in teaching and free discussion is not allowed

Content of Teaching as Criterion of Content of Teaching as Criterion of IndoctrinationIndoctrination

The content of teaching determines whether or not teaching is indoctrination.

Intention of Teaching as Criterion of Intention of Teaching as Criterion of Indoctrination Indoctrination

Emphasized the intention of the teacher in a concept of indoctrination.

The teacher’s intention to be the most important criterion of indoctrination.

Consequence of Teaching as a Criterion Consequence of Teaching as a Criterion of Indoctrinationof Indoctrination

Attention to the outcomes of teaching and education.

Teaching is indoctrination if the outcome is an “indoctrinated person”.

Indoctrinated person will lives in self-deception.

Indoctrination in EducationIndoctrination in Education

Indoctrination cannot be defined by certain irrational teaching methods.

The students are not really educated but guided to conformity – a conformity installed by leaders, by authorities who think that they know better.

According to the content criterion, teaching is indoctrination when the content of teaching consists of "unscientific doctrines," regardless of teaching methods.

The teacher is an indoctrinator when she wants to indoctrinate or manipulate students.

No teacher or no educational institution openly and intentionally indoctrinates students, although many attitudes and beliefs are transferred to the next generation through education.

Education is individual, indoctrination is collective.

Authority QuotationsAuthority Quotations

“I do not believe in immortality of the individual, and I consider ethics to be an exclusively human concern with no superhuman authority behind it.” - Albert Einstein

Leave no authority existing not responsible to the people.

-Thomas Jefferson

I was bold in the pursuit of knowledge, never fearing to follow truth and reason to whatever results they led, and bearding every authority which stood in their way. - Thomas Jefferson

Moral authority is never retained by any attempt to hold on to it. It comes without seeking and is retained without effort.

- Mohandas Gandhi

The ultimate authority must always rest with the individual's own reason and critical analysis. - Dalai Lama

Surround yourself with the best people you can find, delegate authority, and don't interfere as long as the policy you've decided upon is being carried out. - Ronald Reagan

ConclusionConclusion

So , the conclusion is , education is a dynamic process, which involves the interplay of the educator , ( teacher ), educed (student) and the social forces to make an individual socially adjustable and responsible.

Education and knowledge shapes the world.

Thank you Sir Baghawi and everyone for lending us your ears . We hope all of you understand and learned something from our

presentation .

Thank you once more The end