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Antonio Sant'Elia FUTURIST ARCHITECT

Antonio Sant Elia

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architect antonio sant elia, futurism

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Antonio Sant'EliaFUTURIST ARCHITECT

Futurist Architecture Futurist architecture is an early-20th century form of

architecture born in Italy, characterized by strong chromaticism, long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism: it was a part of Futurism, an artistic movement founded by the poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who produced its first manifesto, the Manifesto of Futurism in 1909.

The movement attracted not only poets, musicians, and artists (such as Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Fortunato Depero, and Enrico Prampolini) but also a number of architects.

A cult of the machine age and even a glorification of war and violence were among the themes of the Futurists.

The latter group included the architect Antonio Sant'Elia, who, though building little, translated the futurist vision into an urban form.

Sant’Elia-Life and Works

Antonio Sant'Elia was born in Como, Lombardy.

A builder by training, he opened a design office in Milan in 1912 and became involved with the Futurist movement.

Between 1912 and 1914, influenced by industrial cities of the United States and the architects Renzo Picasso, Otto Wagner and Adolf Loos, he began a series of design drawings for a futurist Città Nuova ("New City") that was conceived as a symbol of a new age.

Many of these drawings were displayed at the only exhibition of the Nuove Tendenze group exhibition in 1914 at the "Famiglia Artistica" gallery. Villa Elisi, San Maurizio (Como)

Sant'Elia's only surviving buiding

Antonio Sant'Elia, 1912

Vision His vision was for a highly industrialized and mechanized city of

the future, which he saw not as a mass of individual buildings but a vast, multi-level, interconnected and integrated urban conurbation designed around the "life" of the city.

His extremely influential designs featured vast monolithic skyscraper buildings with terraces, bridges and aerial walkways that embodied the sheer excitement of modern architecture and technology.

MANIFESTO OF FUTURIST ARCHITECTURE

Antonio Sant'Elia signed the "Manifesto of Futurist Architecture" in 1914, the year he met Marinetti.

The Futurists had been railing against the anachronism of the museum cities for five years before they found an architect to realize their visions.

All of Sant'Elia's projects were purely visionary as no futurist building was ever built.

MARIO CHIATTONE’S CATHEDRAL OF FUTURISM

Key Features of the Manifesto

I COMBAT AND DESPISE:

All the pseudo-architecture of the avant-garde, Austrian, Hungarian, German and American

All classical architecture, solemn, hieratic, scenographic, decorative, monumental, pretty and pleasing

The embalming, reconstruction and reproduction of ancient monuments and palaces

Perpendicular and horizontal lines, cubical and pyramidal forms that are static, solemn, aggressive and absolutely excluded from our utterly new sensibility

The use of massive, voluminous, durable, antiquated and costly materials

I PROCLAIM:

That Futurist architecture is the architecture of calculation, of audacious temerity and of simplicity; the architecture of reinforced concrete, of steel, glass, cardboard, textile fiber, and of all those substitutes for wood, stone and brick that enable us to obtain maximum elasticity and lightness

That Futurist architecture is not because of this an arid combination of practicality and usefulness, but remains art, i.e. synthesis and expression

That oblique and elliptic lines are dynamic, and by their very nature possess an emotive power a thousand times stronger than perpendiculars and horizontals, and that no integral, dynamic architecture can exist that does not include these

That decoration as an element superimposed on architecture is absurd, and that the decorative value of Futurist architecture depends solely on the use and original arrangement of raw or bare or violently colored materials

I Proclaim: That just as the ancients drew inspiration for their art from the elements of

nature, we —who are materially and spiritually artificial—must find that inspiration in the elements of the utterly new mechanical world we have created, and of which architecture must be the most beautiful expression, the most complete synthesis, the most efficacious integration

That architecture as the art of arranging forms according to pre-established criteria is finished

That by the term architecture is meant the endeavor to harmonize the environment with Man with freedom and great audacity, that is to transform the world of things into a direct projection of the world of the spirit

From an architecture conceived in this way no formal or linear habit can grow, since the fundamental characteristics of Futurist architecture will be its impermanence and transience. Things will endure less than us. Every generation must build its own city. This constant renewal of the architectonic environment will contribute to the victory of Futurism which has already been affirmed by Words – in -freedom, plastic Dynamism, Music without quadrature and the Art of noises, and for which we fight without respite against traditionalist cowardice

Drawings

HOUSE WITH EXTERNAL ELEVATORS

Drawings

NEW CITYPOWER STATION SKYSCRAPERS

Applications in Urban Context It is plausible that the center of Brazil’s capital, Brasilia, as a big urban

bus station, was conceived by the urban planner Lucio Costa in the late 1950s influenced by Sant’Elia’s drawings.

Sant’Elia’s futuristic architecture, composed of a handful of images, reveals the possibilities of drawing as a sign of architecture and of a movement. Largely due to his drawings, with their exaggerated use of vanishing lines, it was possible to conjure up graphic solutions to represent power and velocity.

Raymond Loewy’s inauguration of the “streamline style” is very likely inspired by Sant’Elia’s works.

Many later projects absorbed his proposals, such as: the openings in steel trellises, the sloping walls, the semi-circular base vigorous towers, the vertical rhetoric, the multi-levelled circulation, stream-lined forms. All these “realities” were found suggested in the graphic quality of his drawings

References

www.solarflarestudios.com

www.thecharnelhouse.org

Manifesto of Futurist Architecture

An Investigation of Futurist Architectural Design by Rafael Perrone and Daniela Buchler

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