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Antiviral for Influenza. Impact of Antiviral Therapy on Influenza Complications in Nursing Home Residents, Canada. Percent. Bowles et al. J Amer Geriatric Society 50: 608, 2002. Use of the Selective Oral Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir to Prevent Influenza. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Antiviral for Antiviral for InfluenzaInfluenza
Class/ agent Brand name Route
M2 inhibitors Amantadine Rimantadine
Symmetrel Flumadine
PO PO
NA inhibitors Zanamivir (GG167) Oseltamivir (GS4104) Permavir (RWJ-270201)*
Relenza Tamiflu
Inhaled
PO PO
*Investigational in USA
Impact of Antiviral Therapy on Influenza Impact of Antiviral Therapy on Influenza Complications in Nursing Home Complications in Nursing Home Residents, CanadaResidents, Canada
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Comp Hosp Death
No Rx (23)
Amantadine (19)
Osel <48 h (50)
Osel >48 h (23)Pe
rce
nt
Bowles et al. J Amer Geriatric Society 50: 608, 2002
Use of the Selective Oral Use of the Selective Oral Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir to Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir to Prevent InfluenzaPrevent Influenza
Clade 1 H5N1 viruses:All Resistant Clade 2 H5N1 viruses: Sensitive - in most recent isolates Resistant – in some isolates from Indonesia
The incidence of Adamantane and Neuraminidase The incidence of Adamantane and Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance among Clade 1 and Clade 2 Inhibitor Resistance among Clade 1 and Clade 2
Clade 1 H5N1 viruses: Sensitive to oseltamivir & Zanamivir Several mutants resistant to oseltamivir Clade 2 H5N1 viruses All sensitive to oseltamivir & Zanamivir
Adamantane : Amantadine/Rimantadine
NA inhibitor : Oseltamivir/Zanamivir
INFLUENZA BERBEDA DENGAN INFLUENZA BERBEDA DENGAN SARSSARS
INLUENZAINLUENZA TERMASUK PENYAKIT TERMASUK PENYAKIT
YANG MEMILIKI PROPORSI YANG MEMILIKI PROPORSI PENULARAN INFEKSI PENULARAN INFEKSI SEBELUM MUNCUL SEBELUM MUNCUL SIMTOM ATAU PENULARAN SIMTOM ATAU PENULARAN OLEH INFEKSI YANG OLEH INFEKSI YANG ASIMTOMATIK TINGGI (40-ASIMTOMATIK TINGGI (40-50%)50%)
Reproductive rate (Ro = Reproductive rate (Ro = 3)3)
INFLUENZA TERMASUKINFLUENZA TERMASUK TIDAK AKAN MUDAH TIDAK AKAN MUDAH
DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN ISOLASI DAN ISOLASI DAN CONTACT CONTACT TRACINGTRACING
SARSSARS SARS TIDAK MENULAR SARS TIDAK MENULAR
PADA MASA INKUBASIPADA MASA INKUBASI Reproductive rate Reproductive rate
(Ro=1,7)(Ro=1,7) TERMASUK PENYAKIT TERMASUK PENYAKIT
YANG POTENSIAL DAPAT YANG POTENSIAL DAPAT DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN ISOLASI DAN ISOLASI DAN CONTACT CONTACT TRACINGTRACING
Factors that make an infectious diseases outbreak controllable. Proc.of Nat. Acad.Sci. 2004,101;6146-6151