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Antiviral for Antiviral for Influenza Influenza Class/agent B rand nam e R oute M 2 inhibitors Am antadine Rim antadine Symmetrel F lumadine PO PO N A inhibitors Zanam ivir( G G 167 ) Oseltam ivir( G S4104 ) Perm avir( RW J-270201 )* R elenza T amiflu Inhaled PO PO *Investigationalin U SA

Antiviral for Influenza

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Antiviral for Influenza. Impact of Antiviral Therapy on Influenza Complications in Nursing Home Residents, Canada. Percent. Bowles et al. J Amer Geriatric Society 50: 608, 2002. Use of the Selective Oral Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir to Prevent Influenza. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Antiviral for Influenza

Antiviral for Antiviral for InfluenzaInfluenza

Class/ agent Brand name Route

M2 inhibitors Amantadine Rimantadine

Symmetrel Flumadine

PO PO

NA inhibitors Zanamivir (GG167) Oseltamivir (GS4104) Permavir (RWJ-270201)*

Relenza Tamiflu

Inhaled

PO PO

*Investigational in USA

Page 2: Antiviral for Influenza

Impact of Antiviral Therapy on Influenza Impact of Antiviral Therapy on Influenza Complications in Nursing Home Complications in Nursing Home Residents, CanadaResidents, Canada

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Comp Hosp Death

No Rx (23)

Amantadine (19)

Osel <48 h (50)

Osel >48 h (23)Pe

rce

nt

Bowles et al. J Amer Geriatric Society 50: 608, 2002

Page 3: Antiviral for Influenza

Use of the Selective Oral Use of the Selective Oral Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir to Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir to Prevent InfluenzaPrevent Influenza

Page 4: Antiviral for Influenza

Clade 1 H5N1 viruses:All Resistant Clade 2 H5N1 viruses: Sensitive - in most recent isolates Resistant – in some isolates from Indonesia

The incidence of Adamantane and Neuraminidase The incidence of Adamantane and Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance among Clade 1 and Clade 2 Inhibitor Resistance among Clade 1 and Clade 2

Clade 1 H5N1 viruses: Sensitive to oseltamivir & Zanamivir Several mutants resistant to oseltamivir Clade 2 H5N1 viruses All sensitive to oseltamivir & Zanamivir

Adamantane : Amantadine/Rimantadine

NA inhibitor : Oseltamivir/Zanamivir

Page 5: Antiviral for Influenza

INFLUENZA BERBEDA DENGAN INFLUENZA BERBEDA DENGAN SARSSARS

INLUENZAINLUENZA TERMASUK PENYAKIT TERMASUK PENYAKIT

YANG MEMILIKI PROPORSI YANG MEMILIKI PROPORSI PENULARAN INFEKSI PENULARAN INFEKSI SEBELUM MUNCUL SEBELUM MUNCUL SIMTOM ATAU PENULARAN SIMTOM ATAU PENULARAN OLEH INFEKSI YANG OLEH INFEKSI YANG ASIMTOMATIK TINGGI (40-ASIMTOMATIK TINGGI (40-50%)50%)

Reproductive rate (Ro = Reproductive rate (Ro = 3)3)

INFLUENZA TERMASUKINFLUENZA TERMASUK TIDAK AKAN MUDAH TIDAK AKAN MUDAH

DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN ISOLASI DAN ISOLASI DAN CONTACT CONTACT TRACINGTRACING

SARSSARS SARS TIDAK MENULAR SARS TIDAK MENULAR

PADA MASA INKUBASIPADA MASA INKUBASI Reproductive rate Reproductive rate

(Ro=1,7)(Ro=1,7) TERMASUK PENYAKIT TERMASUK PENYAKIT

YANG POTENSIAL DAPAT YANG POTENSIAL DAPAT DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN DIKENDALIKAN DENGAN ISOLASI DAN ISOLASI DAN CONTACT CONTACT TRACINGTRACING

Factors that make an infectious diseases outbreak controllable. Proc.of Nat. Acad.Sci. 2004,101;6146-6151