Antislavery Movement

By Kathy Bonilla, Nico Crino, Nicolette Dominguez, Elijah Garcia, and Angelica Torres-

Miro

APUSH Pd. 4

American Colonization Society

• Founded in 1816 by Robert Finley, a Presbyterian minister• with the objective to encourage and pay for free black Americans to

establish and live in a colony in Africa

• many antislavery advocates came to oppose the society, because they believed that it the objective was to drain off the black populations

American Antislavery Society

• Promoter of the immediate abolition of slavery in the U.S. (1833-1870)

• Founder: Willian Lloyd Garrison

• In 1839, the society split• Garrison: Radical, denounced the Constitution for supporting

slavery

• Tappan Brothers: Less radical, formed Foreign Anti-Slavery Society

• this led to the birth of the liberty party in 1840

Abolitonism

• 1783-1888

• ending the Transatlantic Slave Trade and Chattel Slavery

• Enlightnment ideas encourgaed people to speak up

• In the U.S. slavery was a domestic rather than a colonial phenonmon

• Best known abolitionist: William Lloyd

• All these revolutions led to the Civil War (1861-1865)

Lyman Beecher

• Opposed rationalism, Catholicism, and the liquor traffic

• He was called "the father of more brains than any other man in America"

• Calvinist minister• He was seen a strict person, tried for heresy

• Radical person

"Amalgamation"

• Means, "combination," or "unification"

• The plantation system allowed for the sexual abuse of female slaves• Almost all plantations produced biracial children

• Despite the history of mixed race relations, interracial marriage remained illegal until 1967 in some states

• The movement begins to make these relations legal, however it mostly fails until after the Civil Rights movement of the 20th century

Pamphlet from 1863 supporting interracial marriage under the name Miscegnation

The Liberty Party

• The first antislavery party in the United States• Formed in April,1840

• First Presidential candidate: James C. Birney a former Alabama slave owner

• Managed to split the Whig vote and take the presidency away from Henry Clay. • Democrat James K. Polk won

• Eventually the party was absorbed by the more moderate free soil party

Nat Turner's Rebellion

• Nat Turner was a slave in Virginia that became literate at a young age• Turner was very intelligent and religious

• After several setbacks, Turner launched a rebellion on August 22, 1831

• Called on followers to, "kill all the white people."

• Rebellion was quickly stopped

• Aftermath included the trial and execution of close to 200 African Americans suspected of being part of the rebellion

The "Gag Rule"

• Law passed in the southern states that made it illegal to talk about abolition or freeing the slaves in congress

• John C. Calhoun believed that congress had no place considering emancipation

• Under the cover of political confusion the rule came into effect

Arthur and Lewis

• They were successful merchants who became wealthy through various business ventures.

• They were prominent antebellum abolitionist

• Their abolitionist effort attracted attention from slavery advocates

• they also supported the underground railroad

David Ruggles

• African American abolitionist in Brooklyn

• Resisted slavery by his participation in a committee of vigilance and the underground railroad

• he helped fugitive slaves to reach free states

• he work with the committee led to his involvement in numerous court cases where he helped organize the legal defense against fugitive slaves who had fled to the north.

Sarah Grimke and Angelina Grimke

• They were members of the women's suffrage movement, American abolitionists

• Spoke out in public to oppose slavery and advocate for women's rights

• They joined the American Anti Slavery Society • American Anti Slavery Society- A society of abolitionists

founded by Arthur

Tappan. Most of the leaders were freed slaves. They often spoke in the meetings.

250,000 members in the society.

Henry Highland Garnet

• Minister

• He was African American abolitionist

• Prominent member of the movement that led to more political action

• He was born into slavery

• Rather then trying to get whites to end slavery he wanted slaves to get the freedom that they wanted themsleves.

• He called a speech that was recognized as the "Call to Rebellion" this encouraged slaves to rebel against their owners.

Harriet Tubman

• Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland in 1820.

• 10 yrs., made 19 trips to the South and North, escorted over 300 slaves.

• "never lost a single passenger" threatened those who refused to comply.

• Known as "Moses"• Became friends with other abolitionist, attended

antislavery meetings.• Served in Civil war as cook, nurse and even a spy.• Died in 1913, in Auburn, New York.

Sojourner Truth

• Abolitionist and women's' right activist.

• Served in Civil War, collected supplies.

• Best known from, "Ain't I a Woman?" speech, at women's convention, Ohio, 1851

• Used religion to justify her cause.

• Born a slave in Ulster County, New York, 1797. Escaped slavery in 1827.

• Became a preacher, emerged in the 1840s, and adopted "Sojourner Truth" in 1843.

• " Give 'em land and an outset, and had teachers learn 'em to read. Den they can be somebody" cry for emancipation.

• "It is hard for the old slaveholding sprint to die, but die it must." condemning slavery.

• Died of old age and ulcerated legs in 1883. Funeral in Battle Creek, Michigan.

William Lloyd Garrison "The Liberator"

• 75% of readers were freed African Americans

• "I will not retreat a single inch- AND I WILL BE HEARD"

• Wanted to show people how immoral slavery was, disdained politics

Underground Railroad

• Helped along my many individuals, mostly run by black people.

• George Washington said that one of is slaves was help by a society of Quakers for that purpose, 1786.

• Called "Underground Railroad'' in 1831.

• Used "Stations and "Depots" each rum by a "Stationmaster". "Conductors and "Stockholders", gave money and goods.

• Communities in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston were safe havens for slaves.

• Levi Coffin, a Quaker who helped over 3,000 slaves and Harriet Tubman on her journeys.

Frederick Douglass- "The North Star"

• Named after escape methods of enslaved people

• Abolitionist paper published during the antebellum era

• Fought for the emancipation of all groups of people

• "Right is of No Sex- Truth is of No Color- God is

the Father of us all, and we are all brethren."

Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

• Demanded US deliver on the promise of freedom &

equality

• Used to urge people into joining the abolition movement

• Title became a racial slur due to the inaccurate retelling

when it became a movie.

William Still

• An Underground Railroad conductor

• He smuggled runaways over the Canadian border.

• Was a director of abolitionist, sympathizers and safe houses the went from Philadelphia to Southern Ontario.

• Was in the underground Railroad for 14 years, helped about 800 slaves to freedom.

• Kept records of slaves though Philadelphia

• Published Notes, from his experiences in the Underground RR, and are the best evidence supporting its' existence.

David Walker, "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"

• One of the first antislavery sentiments written by an African American

• Intent was to encourage fellow African Americans to advocate for their independence.

• "Treat us like men, and there is no danger but we will all live in peace and happiness."

Links

• William Lloyd Garrison, "The Liberator"

• http://www.ushistory.org/us/28a.asp

• Frederick Douglass, "The North Star"

• http://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/douglass.html

• Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

• https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/utc/

• David Walker, "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"

• http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/walkerhp.html

Links

• Lyman Beecher

• http://school.eb.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/14095

• American Colonization Society

• http://ic.gale.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=nysl_me_wphs&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3048900026

• American Anti Slavery Society

• http://school.eb.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/6091

Links

• Abolitionism

• http://school.eb.swb.orc.scoolaid.net/levels/high/article/111233#77738.toc

• Harriet Tubman

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1535.html

• Sojourner Truth

• http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sojourner-truth

Links

• Underground Railroad

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html

• William Still

• http://www.pbs.org/black-culture/shows/list/underground-railroad/home/