VOYEURISM The derivation of sexual satisfaction by watching people secretly, especially when those being watched are undressed or engaging in sexual activity.

(by extension) The derivation of satisfaction by obsessively watching or following sensational or sordid subjects.

ANTI-PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2009“ (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9995).

Most of you have probably seen nude photos or watch videos scandles posted on facebook and other social networking sites.

The Hayden Kho and Katrina Halili Video was spread all over the internet and uploaded on different sites.

In connection with my report. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9995 also known as ANTI-PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2009.

This law was passed by Rep. Irwin Tieng, the law was ratified by the Lower House on Nov. 18, 2009 and by the Senate on Dec.1, 2009. 

The “Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009” was formerly known as the “Anti-Cyberboso Bill”.

What is it   about?

• The law makes it a crime to take photos of a naked person without his or her consent, and also to record a video of people having sex without their consent.

• The State values the dignity and privacy of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

• The State shall penalize acts that would destroy the honor, dignity and integrity of a person.

The law itself provides that its main objective is to penalize acts that will destroy the honor, integrity and dignity of a person.

First, the law defines “Photo or video voyeurism” as an act of taking photos or video coverage of a person or groups of persons performing the sexual act or any similar activity, or of capturing an image of the private area of a person or persons without their consent when that person had a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Second, the law punishes not only the capturing of the image or the videotaping of the act but also of posting it on the internet or sending it through MMS to cellphones. The law punishes the copying and the reproduction of the images with or without consideration. And the law punishes also the selling and distribution of the same.

Section 3.   Definition of Terms.  

BROADCAST: means to make public, by any means, a visual image with the intent that it be viewed by a person or persons.

CAPTURE: with respect to an image, means to videotape, photograph, film, record by any means, or broadcast.

FEMALE BREAST: means any portion of the female breast.

PHOTO OR VIDEO VOYEURISM: means the act of taking photo or video coverage of a person or group of persons performing sexual act or any similar activity or of capturing an image of the private area of a person or persons without the latter's consent, under circumstances in which such person/s has/have a reasonable expectation of privacy, or the act of selling, copying, reproducing, broadcasting, sharing, showing or exhibiting the photo or video coverage or recordings of such sexual act or similar activity through VCD/DVD, internet, cellular phones and similar means or device without the written consent of the person/s involved, notwithstanding that consent to record or take photo or video coverage of same was given by such person's.

PRIVATE AREA OF A PERSON: means the naked or undergarment clad genitals, public area, buttocks or female breast of an individual.

UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH A PERSON HAS A REASONABLE EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY: means believe that he/she could disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that an image or a private area of the person was being captured; or circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that a private area of the person would not be visible to the public, regardless of whether that person is in a public or private place.

What acts are prohibited under the Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009?

Section 4 of the law provides that it is hereby prohibited and declared unlawful for any person:

1. Taking photo or video coverage of sexual act, or capturing an image of a person’s private area (genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast).

2. Copying or reproduction of the photo or video of sexual act.

3. Selling or distribution of the photo or video of sexual act.

4. Publishing, broadcasting, showing or exhibiting the photo or video of sexual act.

1. TO TAKE PHOTO OR VIDEO COVERAGE of a person or group of persons performing sexual act or any similar activity or to capture an image of the private area of a person/s such as the naked or undergarment clad genitals, public area, buttocks or female breast without the consent of the person/s involved and under circumstances in which the person/s has/have a reasonable expectation of privacy;

2. TO COPY OR REPRODUCE, or to cause to be copied or reproduced, such photo or video or recording of sexual act or any similar activity with or without consideration;

3. TO SELL OR DISTRIBUTE, or cause to be sold or distributed, such photo or video or recording of sexual act, whether it be the original copy or reproduction thereof; or

4. TO PUBLISH OR BROADCAST, or cause to be published or broadcast, whether in print or broadcast media, or show or exhibit the photo or video coverage or recordings of such sexual act or any similar activity through VCD/DVD, internet, cellular phones and other similar means or device.

WILL A PERSON BE HELD LIABLE IN CASE THE VICTIM GAVE HIS/HER CONSENT TO RECORD OR TAKE PHOTO OR VIDEO COVERAGE?

The prohibitions shall apply notwithstanding that consent to record or take photo or video coverage was given.

WHAT ARE THE PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF THE   ANTI-PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2009?

If the offender is a natural person: imprisonment of not less than three (3) years but not more than seven (7) years, and a fine of not less than Php100,000.00 but not more than Php500,000.00, or both imprisonment and fine.

If the offender is a juridical person: it’s license or franchise shall be automatically deemed revoked, and the persons liable shall be the officers.

If the offender is a public officer or employee or a professional: he/shall shall be administratively liable

If the offender is an alien: he/she shall be subject to deportation proceedings after serving his/her sentence and payment of fines

WHAT ARE THE EXEMPTIONS TO THIS LAW?

A peace officer who is authorized by written order of the court, to use the record or any copy thereof as

evidence in any civil, criminal investigation or trial of the crime of photo or video voyeurism

Provided the following conditions are met:

• the written order shall only be granted upon written application and the examination under oath or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses he/she may produce, and• upon showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that photo or video voyeurism has been committed or is about to be committed, and• the evidence to be obtained is essential to the conviction of any person for, or to the solution or prevention of such crime

If there’s an undergarment (e.g., brief or panty) covering the private parts, is this still covered by the law? Yes. Based on the definition above, the genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast of an individual may be naked or clad with undergarment.

What if the other person was aware of and consented to the taking of the photograph? Even if there was consent to the taking of the photo, if there is no consent to the sharing or exhibition, then the offending party would still be liable.

What if the photo shows the breasts of a man, is this covered by the law? No. The law only covers female breasts.

If the photo shows only the side of a female breast, without the nipple, is this still covered by the law? Yes. The term “female breast” includes “any portion of the female breast”.

Are these materials admissible in evidence?

As a general rule, no. The record, photo or video, or copy thereof, obtained or secured by any person in violation of this law shall not be admissible in evidence in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative hearing or investigation.

However, any peace officer may secure an order of the court to use the record or any copy thereof as evidence in any civil, criminal investigation or trial of the crime of photo or video voyeurism. The written order shall only be issued or granted upon written application and the examination under oath or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses he/she may produce, and upon showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that photo or video voyeurism has been committed or is about to be committed, and that the evidence to be obtained is essential to the conviction of any person for, or to the solution or prevention of such, crime.