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META-MATERIALS & ITS APPLICATIONS

SUBMITTED BY:SHAVEL GUPTA (07)

LOGO Add your company slogan CONTENTSINTRODUCTION TO HFSS &BASICS OF ANTENNA1WHAT IS MATEMATERIALS ??2DETAILED DESCRIPTION OFITS CHARACTERSTICS3VARIOUS APPLICATIONS4INTRODUCTIONHFSS ?? --> HIGH FREQUENCY STRUCTURE SIMULATOR --> HFSS is an Industry standard simulation tool for 3-D full wave Electromagnetic Field Simulation. --> Essential for design of high frequency & high speed component design. --> HFSS is used during design stage, & high speed component design.

Thus , HFSS is used by designers in all segments of the electronics industry.

ABOUT HFSS 15.0Whats new in HFSS 15.0 ???Various advancements in HFSS 15.0 that deliver solutions to amplify engineering effectiveness, simulate our most complex electronic design challenges.

Improved Matrix solver Faster frequency sweep extraction. Faster Simulations & improved scalability. Faster analysis.

Mathematical Model used by HFSSHFSS uses a numerical technique called the Finite Element Method (FEM).

GENERAL STEPS IN AN HFSS SIMULATIONThere are six main steps to creating and solving a proper HFSS simulation.They are:1. Create model/geometry2. Assign boundaries3. Assign excitations4. Set up the solution5. Solve6. Post-process the results

BASIC ANTENNA THEORYWhat is ANTENNA ??Is a structure, usually made from good conducting material, that has to be designed to have a shape & size so that it will provide an efficient means of tx & rx EM s/g through free space.

ANTENNA BASICSFREQUENCY: Antennas can be classified as single-band antennas (narrow- band antennas), wide-band antennas, dual-band antennas, triple-band antennas, etc.

DIRECTIVITY:Antennas can be omnidirectional, sectorial or directive. Types of directive antennas are the Yagi, the biquad, the horn, the helicoidal, the patch antenna, the parabolic dish, and many others.

MAIN SPECIFICATIONS OF ANTENNAThe technical specifications of antenna include: Work band Gain Polarization mode Beam width Preset down tilt Down tilt mode Adjustable range of down tilt Front-to-rear ratio Side lobe suppression ratio Echo loss ImpedanceMETAMATERIALSSmith et al(2004) had realized gradient refractive index medium to bend electromagnetic waves.

Metamaterial opened up a new exciting world for the scholars.

The concept of negative refractive index is now widely accepted and focus of the research has moved toward applications.

The word was first coined by Rodger M. Walser (2001) who gave the following definition Metamaterials are defined as macroscopic composites having a man-made, three dimensional, periodic cellular architecture designed to produce an optimized combination, not available in nature, of two or more responses to a specific excitation.CLASSIFICATIONMaterials can be classified on the basis of and in four quadrants as shown in figure-

APPLICATIONSA. METAMATERIAL AS ANTENNA :Metamaterial coatings have been used to enhance the radiation and matching properties of electrically small electric and magnetic dipole antennas.Patch antenna with metamaterial cover have increased directivity.Zero-index metamaterials can be used to achieve high directivity antennas.

CONTD.METAMATERIAL AS ABSORBER:The first Metamaterial based absorber by landy (2008) utilizes three layers, two metallic layers and dielectric and shows a simulated absorptivity of 99% at 11.48 GHz.

METAMATERIAL AS SUPERLENS:Superlens uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit. Ramakrishna (2005).showed, it has resolution capabilities that go beyond ordinary microscopes.

CONTD.METAMATERIAL AS CLOAKS:Cloaking can be achieved by cancellation of the electric and magnetic field generated by an object or by guiding the electromagnet wave around the object.Guiding the wave means transforming the coordinate system in such a way that inside the hollow cloak electromagnetic field will be zero this makes the region inside the shell disappear.

CONTD.METAMATERIAL AS SENSOR:Metamaterial opens a door for designing sensor with specified sensitivity.Metamaterials provide tools to significantly enhance the sensitivity and resolution of sensors.Metamaterial sensors are used in agriculture, biomedical etc.

CONCLUSIONMetamaterial are expected to have an impact across the entire range of technologies where electromagnetic radiation are used and will provide a flexible platform for technological advancement.

Among metamaterials, negative refractive index materials or left-handed materials have drawn special attention in microwaves.

The most interesting application is as an absorber and also as sensors for humidity, soil moisture measurement etc.

From the progress and interest in this field it is clear that the future of metamaterials lies in the field of optics and medical.

Thank You !

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