Answer the following questions on your Journal sheet #1 Can
something be a success and a failure? Explain Any examples?
Slide 4
The Crusades were A long series or Wars between Christians and
Muslims They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the
Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached
and died
Slide 5
Jerusalem in control of North African Muslims, Fatimids, late
1000s Turkish Muslims took control of Persia, other lands,
persecuted Christians visiting region Turks attacked Byzantine
Empire, destroyed army, 1071 Emperor turned to Western Europe, Pope
Urban II, for help Muslims Control Holy Land European Christians
launched series of religious wars, Crusades, in Middle Ages Goal to
take Jerusalem, Holy Land, away from Muslims Jerusalem site of Holy
Temple of Jews, also where Jesus crucified, buried, was to come
again Goal of Crusades Launching the Crusades
Slide 6
Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the
Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land
Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on
Constantinople
Slide 7
Pope Urban II and his call 1093- Byzantine Emperor Alexius
wanted help to save Constantinople from Turks asks Church 1095-
Pope Urban II issues a call for a holy war or Crusade to capture
the Holy land (Palestine) back from Muslims Pope assured that those
that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven
Slide 8
Who Answered the Call? Feudal Lords Knights Peasants
Slide 9
The First Crusade (1096-1099) Peasant army Untrained Lacked
military equipment Many killed by Muslim Turks Knights Succeeded in
capturing Jerusalem
Slide 10
Crusaders left France in 1096 in First Crusade. In all, nine
Crusades set out between 1096 and 1291 to claim or protect the Holy
Land. Crusaders in two groups, peasants and knights Unskilled
peasants answered Popes call Eager to fight non-Christians in Holy
Land On the way attacked and slaughtered German Jews despite
protests Fell to Seljuk Turkish army at Jerusalem First Crusade
Better trained in warfare than peasants, but unprepared for
hardship of journey Traveled three years Siege of Jerusalem victory
for Crusaders, disaster for city Renamed four states in Holy Land,
intended to be strongholds against future Muslim conquests Knights
Fighting the Crusades
Slide 11
1st Crusade- 1096 Crusaders capture Jerusalem 1187- Jerusalem
falls back to Muslim rule
Slide 12
Map of Crusades
Slide 13
The Crusaders finally Capture Jerusalem A small remnient of the
Crusader Army (one quarter of those who left Europe) fights to win
the city. Watch the The Fall of Jerusalem. Watch the The Fall of
Jerusalem How did technology help the Crusaders win the
battle?
Slide 14
Journal Entry sheet #2 On page two of you Journal explain why
the First Crusade was a success and a failure for the Europeans
What groups answered the call to go on the Crusade? Which Group was
the most successful? Why do you think they were successful.
Slide 15
Second Crusade (1147-1149) Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to
victory, defeating the Christians * He was considered a very wise
ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen
enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly
chivalry.
Slide 16
Third Crusade New leader arose in Muslim world, 1177 Salah
ad-Din, known to Europeans as Saladin Overthrew Fatimids, took
title of sultan Set out to take back Crusader states, succeeded,
drove European Christians out of Jerusalem Second Crusade Muslims
began retaking lands lost in First Crusade Took city of Edessa,
capital of one Crusader state, 1144 European leaders called for
Second Crusade, launched in 1147 Second Crusade a failure, took no
lands from Muslims
Slide 17
Crusade Europeans travel to the Holy Land on a mission but They
Fail to recapture the city of Jerusalem
Slide 18
Third Crusade Led by Richard the Lionhearted- King of
EnglandRichard the Lionhearted Despite war, eventually they came to
a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims Christians (unarmed) would
be allowed in city
Slide 19
Three Kings Richard, Philip, Frederick set out from Europe on
Third Crusade Frederick was killed, Philip quarreled with Richard,
returned home Only King Richard the Lion-Hearted of England fought
in Holy Land Fierce Fighting Richard, Saladin fought fiercely for
control of Holy Land Richard won several battles, not able to drive
Muslims out of Holy Land Richard could not take Jerusalem, had to
return to England Mutual Respect Richard, Saladin admired each
other as military leaders, gentlemen Made proposals for peace,
including marriage alliance of Richards sister, Saladins brother;
never took place because of religious differences Third
Crusade
Slide 20
Fourth Crusade, 1201 Jerusalem still in Muslim hands Crusaders
could not pay Venetians to take them to Holy Land In lieu of
payment, Crusaders agreed to attack Zara Constantinople Crusaders
pushed on Attacked Christian city of Constantinople Ransacked city,
made one leader new emperor Zara Zara once belonged to Venice, now
held by Christian king of Hungary Pope angered that Christian city
attacked, excommunicated all More Failures Disorganization, lack of
leadership made Fourth Crusade failure Five other Crusades
followed, none successful Fourth and Later Crusades
Slide 21
Crusades Continue Through 1200s Several more crusades attempted
with no victories for the Christians Childrens crusade, - 30,000
soldiers - many of them under 12 years old Never made it to the
Holy Land
Slide 22
Journal Entry sheet #3 Answer the three questions from the next
slide On Page Three of you Crusade Journal ( you can check them
afterwards)
Slide 23
Why did the Europeans launch the Crusades? What was the goal of
the Crusades? What were the effects of the Crusades? Main Idea The
Crusades, a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the
Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on
the societies involved. The Crusades
Slide 24
Sequence What events led to the call for a Crusade? Answer(s):
Seljuk Turks conquered Holy Land, threatened Byzantines; Byzantine
emperor called on pope for assistance
Slide 25
Sequence What events led to the call for a Crusade? Answer(s):
Seljuk Turks conquered Holy Land, threatened Byzantines; Byzantine
emperor called on pope for assistance
Slide 26
Find the Main Idea What was the goal of the Crusades?
Answer(s): to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the
Muslims who controlled it
Slide 27
Draw Conclusions Why did peoples attitudes change after the
Crusades? Answer(s): Europeans became more intolerant and saw Jews
and Muslims as enemies; Jews and Muslims saw the Crusaders as
enemies
Slide 28
Why did the Crusades fail? After the 1 st attempt, each attempt
was weaker with less emphasis on winning People soon became about
making money and getting goods Stealing from Byzantine and
Islamic
Slide 29
Journal Entry sheet #4 List three reasons why the Crusades
failed?
Slide 30
Economic Changes Historic evidence of trade between Muslims,
Byzantines, Europeans prior to Crusades Crusades enhanced existing
trade Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to
Europe Increase in trade added to changing European economy during
Middle Ages Crusades led to deaths of many knights, nobles Lands
left vulnerable Other ambitious nobles took control of unoccupied
lands Nobles then had more power, influence in Europe Political
Changes Some Europeans respected other cultures, others intolerant
Many viewed non-Christians as enemies, persecuted Jews Holy Land
Jews saw Crusaders as cruel invaders Relations strained for
centuries Social Changes Effects of the Crusades
Slide 31
Slide 32
Results of the Crusades I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade I
= Improvements Ships, Maps, Explorers F = Feudalism declines
because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military. T =
Turks still rule the Holy Land T = Travel Europeans want to travel
more T = Trade Europeans want product from the East such as sugar,
cotton, silk, spices, etc.
Slide 33
Effects of Crusades Showed power of Church Increased trading
between East and West --> will lead to massive Cultural
Diffusion Lead to the Commercial Revolution Muslim bitterness and
hatred toward Christians Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls
to Turks
Slide 34
Effect of Crusades Increased trading helped business flourish
Merchants increased
Slide 35
The growth of Trade: As time passed trade began to expand and
business began to grow leading to the Commercial Revolution
Slide 36
The middle class Merchants Traders Artisans Craftsmen They took
the economic position between the upper (wealthy) and the peasants.
Many formed Guilds. (likeminded businessmen) Regulated prices and
work conditions. Provided for guild members injured or for their
families if they are killed or died. Trained new guild members
apprentices
Slide 37
Guild System Click on the link to watch a short video on the
definition of Guilds and shows how they work. Guilds VideoGuilds
Video
Slide 38
What was traded? -cloth -dyes -leather
Slide 39
How will increased trading effect society? -More $$ available
-Merchants get increased power taxes increase to king King no
longer need to give land for loyalty, instead can give money
-Growth of cities Move back to cities to trade
Slide 40
Results of Commercial Revolution -Businesses grow -End of
Feudalism decline/ Serfdom kings gain power -Trading increases Age
of exploration?? -Banking -Growth of merchants and middle
class
Slide 41
The Rise of Capitalism / Market Economy Trade and opportunities
for commerce not only created the need for a cash economy but also
an opportunity for individuals to gain wealth by investing in
themselves or others When demand for goods increased, investors
made more profits, when demand decreased invertors took losses,
Capital means investment. Economic power shifted away from the
nobles (who controlled the manors) to the capitalists who now
controlled both the trade and the profits
Slide 42
The Economy Transforms From To Barter Cash $$$$
Slide 43
Your loss is my gain In order to compete in a cash economy, the
local nobles had to convert their assets to cash. Serfs (labor)
Land ( fields) In order to maintain their manors, some nobles
borrowed from banks. The manorial / feudal systems fall apart.
Serfs now can: now buy their freedom and work for themselves. be
trained as craftsmen and artisans. act independently from the local
noble.
Slide 44
Transference of political power The local nobles who formerly
exercised most of the real political power much of their power The
kings who formerly had little power gain much of the political
power lost by the local nobles.
Slide 45
Journal Sheet #5 Please answer the following questioins:
Increased trade Guilds + Created what For the peasants ( E
______________ P _____________)
Slide 46
So do we need feudalism to keep people loyal? Commercial
revolution means end of feudalism People can live and survive
without farming
Slide 47
Banking is fixed Fixing the coinage problem: -Merchants
developed notes of credit
Slide 48
Journal Sheet #6 Even though the Europeans lost, there were
some of the positive effects of the Crusades (for the Europeans).
List two of those positive effects Do you think those positive
effect were worth the lives lost? the lives lost? How many were
Jewish people?
Slide 49
Assignment Part One By now you have recorded evidence and
information in seven journal entries Is it possible to unsuccessful
and successful at the same time? Who took part in the Crusade? What
was the goal of the Crusade? What were the effects? Why did the
Crusades fail? What were some positive effects of the Crusade?