Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1. What assassination sparked an armed conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that resulted in the First World War?

2. Name at least two factors that may have played a role in starting the First World War.

3. Germany’s Schlieffen Plan called for a two-front war with which two nations?

4. The neutrality of which European state was violated when Germany invaded France in 1914?

5. What was the name of the mutual defensive alliance formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy? What was the mutual defense alliance between Britain, France and Russia called?

Define Chapter 26 key vocabulary terms (25): alliance, entente, militarism, ultimatum, mobilize, neutrality, stalemate, zeppelin, U-boat, convoy, total war, conscription, contraband, propaganda, atrocity, self-determination, armistice, pandemic, reparations, radicals, collective security, mandate, proletariat, soviet, and commissar

Identify the following people, places, and events: Alsace and Lorraine, Dardanelles, Lusitania, Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles, Nichols II, Rasputin, Vladimir Lenin, Bolsheviks, and Treaty of Brest Litovsk,

WORLD WAR I

1914-1924

Prelude to World War

Population Explosion Industrial Revolution Nationalism Militarism Technology Defensive Alliances

Military Alliances Triple Alliance (1882)- Germany, Austria-

Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente (1907)- Great Britain,

France, and Russia

Tension Leading to War

Moroccan Crises 1905 1911

Balkan Crisis

WORLD WAR I

1914-1918

Crisis in the Balkans Austria-Hungary (multinational state) Nationalism in the Balkans

Pan-Slavism Desire to develop a united Slavic nation (Yugoslavia)

A-H annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1908 1st Balkan War, 1912 2nd Balkan War, 1913 Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife

Sophia The Black Hand/Serbian Nationalists

Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, June 28, 1914

Gavrilo Princip

Declarations of War A-H wished to take action against Serbia Germany supported A-H A-H declared war on Serbia, July 28, 1914 Russia mobilized against Germany and A-H Germany declared war on Russia and France Germany mobilized against France and violated

Belgian neutrality (Schlieffen Plan) Britain declared war on Germany for breaking

Belgian neutrality

Germany’s Schlieffen Plan

World War I Alliances

Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, and later Japan and Montenegro

Central Powers- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire.

Italy?

World War I and its Destruction

1914-1918

Total War- a war that involves complete mobilization of troops and materials over large areas. The war affects the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

Mobilization- the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war.

Germany’s Schlieffen Plan

The Battle of the Marne The Germans were advancing NE of Paris The French army organized a force to resist

the Germans The Germans retreated (only about 50 miles

from Paris) and dug trenches The Western Front was created Trench Warfare war of attrition- a war in which each side tries

to wear the other down by constant attack

The Western Front

The Western Front

Trench Warfare

Cross-Section of a Trench

Life in the Trenches

Trench Foot

Rats in the Trenches

Body Lice

The End to War

Russia’s withdrawal from the war in 1918 U.S. entry into the war in 1917 Spring 1917- France was weakening, British and

German reserves were diminishing March 1918- the Germans launched a final offensive

against the Allies, gaining considerable ground July 1918- Second Battle of the Marne With the aid of U.S. troops, the Allies launched an

effective counterattack that continued until September, 1918

The resistance of the Central Powers in other areas of the war crumbled

November 11, 1918, Germany signed an armistice

The Paris Peace Conference January 1919 delegates from 27 nations attended Representatives from the Central Powers

and Russia were not included The “Big Four”

Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France Prime Minister David Lloyd-George of Britain Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy President Woodrow Wilson of the United States

Wilson’s idealism and Europe’s nationalism

The Big Four

President Woodrow WilsonUnited States

Prime Minister David Lloyd-George Great Britain

Prime Minister Vittorio OrlandoItaly

Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau France

Woodrow Wilson and the Restoration of Peace Wilson’s Fourteen Points

freedom of the seas and of trade reduction of military weapons an end to all secret alliances self-rule for all nations “general assembly of all nations” “no annexations, no contributions, and no

punitive damages” France and Britain demanded reparations

WWI Casualties 9 million soldiers killed 21 million soldiers wounded

Around 30 million soldiers killed or wounded 13 million civilians died from disease and

starvation Armenians?

The war destroyed Europe Governments went bankrupt Revolution was rife in Eastern Europe A new Europe had to be formed

The Treaty of Versailles

June 28, 1919 War Guilt Clause Reduced the size of the German army Prohibited Germany from manufacturing

major war weapons Reduced Germany’s territorial size Germany was required to pay extensive

reparations Restructuring of Austria-Hungary

Restructuring of Europe

Germany developed deep resentment in response their loss of the war and Allied treatment after the armistice.

The Treaty of Versailles left Germany weak and humiliated.

This resentment, which lingered for over two decades, later resulted in even greater violence in the form of German Nazism.

The Russian Revolution

The First World War and Russia The Russians were not prepared for total war

No competent military leaders Russian industry

Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra Gregorian Rasputin

*Continued military and economic disasters created tremendous discontent among the people of Russia.

The March Revolution Working-class women in St. Petersburg demanded

“peace and bread”

Provisional Government- March 12, 1917 Nicholas II was encouraged to abdicate Alexander Kerensky

Continuation of the war Kerensky made a poor call in continuing the war

Problems:

1. Workers and peasants wanted peace

2. soviets (council of workers and soldiers) emerged all over Russia Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin Opposed capitalism Advocated violent revolution as a means to

effect positive change Lenin’s Promises:

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918)• Assassination of the royal family• Civil War (1918-1922)• Red Terror

Test Preparation Study all of Chapter 26 Be well familiar with Chapter 26 vocabulary

words Review and study all notes Review questions from All Quiet on the

Western Front The test will be comprised of 50 objective

questions (multiple choice, true and false) and four (4) subjective short answer questions.