Answer key for Exercise 1.

defence, likely, Italy, canteen,

represent, dash, approach,

association, cheek, flight

Discovering useful words and expressionsDiscovering useful words and expressions

Answer key for Exercise 2.

approached, Jordan, cheek,

curiously, dashed,

misunderstood, contrary

Answer key for Exercise 3.

crossroads, adult, major,

dormitory, greeted,

representing, association,

spoken, Colombia, curious,

flight

V-ing form --- used as attribute & AdverbialV-ing form --- used as attribute & Adverbial

Unit4 GrammarUnit4 Grammar

Julia SmithJulia SmithTony GarciaTony Garcia

Akira NagataAkira Nagata George CookGeorge Cook

Describe the picture:Describe the picture:

1)They were visitors 1)They were visitors comingcoming from several from several countries.countries.

2) Akira’s2) Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s movingmoving hand. hand.

3) Julia stepped back 3) Julia stepped back appearingappearing surprised . surprised .

4)This was an 4)This was an excitingexciting experience. experience.

= They were visitors = They were visitors who came from several who came from several

countriescountries..

1)They were visitors 1)They were visitors coming from several coming from several

countriescountries..

= This is an experience = This is an experience which is excitingwhich is exciting..

3) This is an 3) This is an excitingexciting experience. experience.

= Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand= Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is movingwhich is moving..

2) Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s 2) Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s movingmoving hand. hand.

一一 . The –ing form used as attribute . The –ing form used as attribute 定语定语

1. Rewrite the following 1. Rewrite the following sentences.sentences.

1) The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy __________________ is reading a book about body language.

2) The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.

The person __________________can speak seven

languages.

translating the songs

who is standing there

3) The building which was built last year is our library.

The building ____________ is our library.built last year

The patient ____________now is his friend. The patient ____________now is his friend.

The patient_____________next is waiting outsideThe patient_____________next is waiting outside

The patient_________yesterday has gone.The patient_________yesterday has gone.

being examined

to be examined examined

The building The building being built nowbeing built now is our new library. is our new library. built last yearbuilt last year to be built next yearto be built next year

2. 2. compare:

1. Julia stepped back 1. Julia stepped back appearingappearing surprised . surprised .

二二 .. The –ing form used as Adverbial The –ing form used as Adverbial 状状语语

= Julia stepped back = Julia stepped back and she appeared surprisedand she appeared surprised..

2. She sat at the desk and did her homework.2. She sat at the desk and did her homework.= She sat at the desk ____________________.= She sat at the desk ____________________.doing her homeworkdoing her homework

3.He sat on the sofa, watching TV.3.He sat on the sofa, watching TV.

= He sat on the sofa = He sat on the sofa and watched TV.and watched TV.

= He stood = He stood and leaned against the wall.and leaned against the wall.

4.He stood leaning against the wall.4.He stood leaning against the wall.

1)(When) hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

2)She sat there, preparing a long report.

3)The teacher explained the word using some pictures.

4) Not knowing much English , I found it hard to understand him.

5)Thinking again, you will find a way.

6)They can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones. 结果结果

伴随伴随

原因原因

方式方式

条件条件

（一） （一） V-ing form V-ing form 做状语的类型：做状语的类型：

( ( 时间时间 , , 可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留 when ) when )

（二）（二） V-ing V-ing 做状语注意要项：做状语注意要项：

1)_______ from the top of the hill , he found the school more beautiful. (see)

2)_______from the top of the hill, the school looks like a garden. (see)

Seeing Seeing

SeenSeen

1.1. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语非谓语动词的逻辑主语

有一条原则必须遵守有一条原则必须遵守 : : 非谓语动词的逻辑主语非谓语动词的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致应当与句子的主语一致 . .

1)1)这位妇女坐在椅子上这位妇女坐在椅子上 ,,看着电视看着电视 ..

The woman sat in the chair _________ TV.The woman sat in the chair _________ TV.

2)2)这位妇女坐在椅子上这位妇女坐在椅子上 ,,一群小孩围着她一群小孩围着她 ..The woman sat in the chair ____________ The woman sat in the chair ____________ by a group of children. by a group of children.

watchingwatching

surroundedsurrounded

3) Finding her car stolen, 3) Finding her car stolen, .. A. policeman was asked to helpA. policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyB. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhereC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for helpD. she hurried to a policeman for help

NotNot being a clever student, he works hard. being a clever student, he works hard.

2. not 的位置

1)1)由于不是一个很聪明的学生由于不是一个很聪明的学生 , , 他学习很努力他学习很努力 . .

2) 2) his telephone number, she had some difficulty his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. getting in touch with Bill.

A. Not knowing B. Knowing notA. Not knowing B. Knowing not

C. Not having known D. Having not knownC. Not having known D. Having not known

解析：答案为解析：答案为 AA。。 Not knowingNot knowing 现在分词作原因状语。现在分词作原因状语。分词结构中分词结构中否定词否定词通常放在现在分词前面。通常放在现在分词前面。

3. doing 3. doing 和和 having donehaving done

1) When I was walking in the street , I came into 1) When I was walking in the street , I came into an old friend of mine.an old friend of mine.= (When) walking in the street , I came into an old = (When) walking in the street , I came into an old friend of mine.friend of mine.

2) He fell asleep while he was doing homework.2) He fell asleep while he was doing homework.= Doing homework, he fell asleep

3) 3) AfterAfter she finished her work, she went home. she finished her work, she went home.= = Having finishedHaving finished her work, she went home. her work, she went home.

如果如果 V-ing V-ing 所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，应用所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，应用 hhaving doneaving done 。。

Ex:Ex:

1) ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too 1) ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered B. SufferingA. Having suffered B. Suffering

C. To suffer D. sufferedC. To suffer D. suffered

2) ____ a reply, he decided to write again. 2) ____ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving notA. Not receiving B. Receiving not

C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC. Not having received D. Having not received

解析解析 22 ：分词的逻辑主语是：分词的逻辑主语是 he, hehe, he 和和 receivereceive 之间存在主动之间存在主动关系关系 , , 故用现在分词作故用现在分词作原因状语原因状语。没有收到回复的动作发生在。没有收到回复的动作发生在decided to write againdecided to write again 动作动作之前之前，故现在分词用完形式。，故现在分词用完形式。

1) When he walked into the room, his head hit the door.1) When he walked into the room, his head hit the door. = = He He walking into the room, walking into the room, his headhis head hit the door. hit the door.

2) If the flowers were given more water, we would find 2) If the flowers were given more water, we would find the flowers grow well.the flowers grow well.= = The flowersThe flowers given more water, given more water, wewe would find them would find them grow well.grow well.

3) If time permits, we'll do another two exercises.3) If time permits, we'll do another two exercises.= = TimeTime permitting, permitting, wewe'll do another two exercises.'ll do another two exercises.

4. 4. 有时有时 V-ingV-ing 前前可有一个名词或代词表示他逻辑上的主语，可有一个名词或代词表示他逻辑上的主语， 这种带逻辑主语的这种带逻辑主语的 V-ingV-ing 称为独立主格：称为独立主格：

1) Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor.1) Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor.

2)While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the 2)While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the headhead

3)Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.3)Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.

5. V-ing5. V-ing 形式作状语，与主句主语应保持一致形式作状语，与主句主语应保持一致 ..

√

例外情况：例外情况： judging by/from (judging by/from ( 根据…来判断）根据…来判断） generally speaking (generally speaking ( 一般来说一般来说 )) considering(considering( 考虑到考虑到 ) )

判断正误：判断正误：

√

×× I was hit by a small stone

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.

2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.

3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.

4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful .4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful .

5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice 5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice

on the wall.on the wall.

6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.

7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most

popular sport in the world.popular sport in the world.

单句改错单句改错 ::

Not havingNot having

workingworking

SeeingSeeing

speakingspeaking

pointingpointing

KnockKnock

makingmaking

1. The stranger said something in a ______ voice 1. The stranger said something in a ______ voice

and the little girl was very much ________and the little girl was very much ________

A. frightening, frightened A. frightening, frightened

B. frightened, frighteningB. frightened, frightening

C. frightening, frightening C. frightening, frightening

D. frightened, frightenedD. frightened, frightened

Choose the best Choose the best answer:answer:

2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked 2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door.at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playingA. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. ExaminingC. Repairing D. Examining

3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner.

A. smoke B. to smoke

C. being smoked D. smoking

4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for 4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for

another 2 weeks..another 2 weeks..

A. Not completing B. Not completedA. Not completing B. Not completed

C. Not having completed D. Having not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed

5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ 5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____

out of the window.out of the window.

A. looking B. to look A. looking B. to look

C. looked D. having lookedC. looked D. having looked

6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ___ 6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ___

the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappearedB. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing C. seizing; disappearing

D. seized; disappearingD. seized; disappearing

7. He looked around and caught a man ______ his 7. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. puttingC. to put D. putting

8. ______in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly

realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait B. Have waited

C. Having waited D. To have waited

9. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. Having hung B. hanging

C. hangs D. being hung

10. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

11.The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing

C. prepared D. was preparing

12.“Can’t you read?” Mary said__ __ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

13. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, ____it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making B. makes C. made D. to make