Answer Key

Chapter 1

216 Answer Key

Skill A

01

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. Children’s eustachian tubes are smaller and straighter

and their adenoids are larger. This means that thetubes do not drain as well, and the adenoids canblock the tubes more easily.

02

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. a bridge = humankind’s progress, the Titanic = the

deadly outcome when man tries to do somethingtoo great (the fate of Icarus), the myth of Sisyphus= the futility of humankind’s pursuits

03

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. The right to vote and the ability to enter into a legal

contract

Skill B

011. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. which deviate from = in addition to, a variety of

= other

02

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A) Why? Most of the information in the passage is

about the rings, moons, and gaps. Also, Galileodid not know that Saturn’s disc was really madeof separate rings.

03

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (A) Why? The passage includes information on crops

used to make fabric, British control of materialsfor fabric, and things that colonists did withfabrics.

Skill C

01

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (A) Why? The paragraph describes the main interest

of each man. The answer cannot be (B) becausethe passage says nothing about how they feltabout teaching.

02

1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. “careful planning” + “useful” ➝ support of ideas

introduced by Sequoia example and provide alead-in, or reason, for the following sentence onthe frequency of planned fires.

03

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A) Why? The passage is about how babies

communicate without speaking. Sentence (B)implies that the passage should describe whybabies don’t speak.

Skill D

01

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. First “its” --- the water’s; Second “its” --- the lower

Mississippi River's

02

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. it --- information

03

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. Words in Anglo-Saxon, Old German, and Old Norse

Answer Key 217

Skill E

01

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. The passage states that Hemingway is most

well-known for his novels, not his non-fictionpieces. Therefore, the answer is (C).

02

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. The passage states that the former, which refers to

nodding, is communicated in Turkey by raising theeyebrows. Thus, someone in Turkey would notunderstand a nod from a person of another culture,so the answer is (B).

03

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. One night, a spirit wearing the jingle dress appeared

to him in a dream. A spirit is a supernatural being andthe Ojibwa man believed in it. Thus, the answer is(C).

Skill F

01

1. Native --- (C), (D), (G); Non-native --- (A), (E)2. (A) 3. (A)4. Neither (B) nor (F) is mentioned in the passage.

02

1. (A), (B), (D)2. (B) 3. (A)4. Sentences 2 and 3

031. Slang --- (A), (C), (G);

Mainstream Speech --- (D), (E), (H)2. (B) 3. (C)4. Neither (B) nor (F) is mentioned in the passage.

Review A-F

Vocabulary Review

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B)4. (D) 5. (D) 6. (C)7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (D)

10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (C)13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (C)16. inability 17. distinguish 18. composing19. contend 20. recite 21. perish22. access 23. perish 24. proficient 25. preclude

Skill Review

01

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A)4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (C)7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (C)

10. (A) 11. (C)12. Inflow --- (B), (D), (H); Outflow --- (A), (E), (F)

02

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A)7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (A)

10. (B) 11. (A)12. (B), (E), (F)

Chapter 2

218 Answer Key

Skill A01

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (A)4. (A)5. England --- (C), (E), (F), (G); France --- (B), (D), (H)

02

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A)4. (D)5. Bit --- (B), (G); Byte --- (A), (C), (D)

03

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B)4. (C) 5. (A), (E), (F)

04

1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B)4. (D)5. Fear --- (B), (C); Anxiety --- (D), (E), (G)

05

1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (B), (C), (D)

Skill B

01

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)4. (C)5. Flock in Florida --- (D), (E);

Flock in Texas --- (B), (C), (G)

02

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (B), (D), (F)

03

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (A)4. (B)5. Early jazz musicians --- (C), (F), (G);

Armstrong’s innovations --- (B), (D)

04

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (A), (C), (E)

05

1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (D)4. (C)5. Ideas Before 1300 --- (C), (G);

Ideas After 1300 --- (A), (B), (D)

Skill C

01

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B)4. (B) 5. (A), (B), (C)

02

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)4. (C)5. Herbs --- (C), (D), (E), (H); Spices --- (F), (G), (I)

03

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A)4. (D) 5. (A), (D), (F)

04

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C)4. (A) 5. (A), (B), (E)

05

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C)4. (B) 5. (A), (C), (F)

Review A-C

Vocabulary Review

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (D)7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (D)

10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (A)13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (A)16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (C)19. (A) 20. (B) 21. (C)

Answer Key 219

22. (A) 23. (B) 24. (A)25. (D) 26. (B) 27. (D)28. (B) 29. (C) 30. (C)31. immigration 32. likelihood 33. occupation34. social security 35. comprised 36. exposed37. link 38. enables 39. misery40. ensures 41. motivation 42. cite43. descend 44. innovative 45. exclusively46. (E) 47. (A) 48. (D) 49. (B) 50. (C)

Skill Review

01

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (C)4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (C)

10. Causes of Isolation --- (E), (H); Effects of Isolation --- (C), (D); Ways to Prevent Isolation --- (A), (F)

02

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (A)

10. (B), (D), (F)

Skill D

01

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (A), (D), (E)

02

1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (A)4. (C) 5. (A), (C), (F)

031. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C)4. (B)5. Traditional --- (B), (E), (F); Non-traditional --- (A), (C)

04

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A), (C), (E)

05

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D)4. (B)5. Classical Realism --- (A), (D), (F);

Romantic Realism --- (B), (C)

Skill E

01

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B)4. (C) 5. (A), (C), (F)

02

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (A), (D), (E)

03

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C)4. (B)5. Imports --- (B), (C), (G) Exports --- (A), (D)

04

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C)4. (B) 5. (A), (D), (E)

05

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)4. (D) 5. (B), (D), (F)

Skill F

011. (D) 2. (D) 3. (A)4. (C) 5. (A), (C), (F)

02

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A)4. (B)5. Agents of Socialization --- (A), (F), (H)

Types of Socialization --- (B), (C), (G)

03

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (B)4. (C) 5. (B), (C), (E)

220 Answer Key

04

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D)4. (A)5. Moving Plates --- (B), (C), (E)

Forming Mountains --- (A), (G)

05

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C)4. (C) 5. (B), (C), (E)

Review A-F

Vocabulary Review

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)7. (A) 8. (A) 9. (D)

10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (D)13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (A)16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (D)19. (A) 20. (B) 21. (A)22. (D) 23. (B) 24. (C)25. (A) 26. (D) 27. (B)28. (A) 29. (C) 30. (A)31. advent 32. evolution 33. discredit34. essence 35. Inevitably 36. interpret37. diverse 38. adaptation 39. diverge40. retain 41. obscurity 42. mechanical43. prophetic 44. reverence 45. uniformity46. (C) 47. (E) 48. (A)49. (D) 50. (B)

Skill Review

01

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B)4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (D)7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (A)

10. (B) 11. (D)12. Intensity --- (A), (E), (G); Spread --- (C), (D), (H)

02

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C)4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (A)7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (D)

10. (C) 11. (C) 12. (B), (C), (F)

Answer Key 221

Chapter 3Focus AGuided Practice

01 AcupunctureSuggested underlined sentences:In China, the practice of acupuncture has been tracedback to approximately the 1st millennium B.C.

Acupuncture is understood to be a procedure for regulatingthe circulation of gi (vital energy) and blood.

Traditional Chinese medicine is not based on knowledgeof modern physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, anatomy,or any of the known mechanisms of healing.

Though it has continued to be regarded with somelevel of skepticism and mistrust, acupuncture is graduallybecoming accepted in the Western world as a form ofmedicine.

SummarySuggested answer:The technique of acupuncture has been used in China tohelp people recover from illness for at least 2,000 years.Acupuncture was originally used to control the flow ofvital energy, called gi, and blood through the body.Because it is not founded in knowledge gained frommodern health sciences, many medical experts in thewestern world do not accept the benefits of acupuncture.Despite this skepticism, more and more people areturning to acupuncture as a form of medicine.

02 CapitalismSuggested underlined sentences:Social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of asociety into social classes and strata that are very difficultfor individuals to rise through.

By and large, individuals are locked into a socio-economicclass from birth and are kept there by social limitations.

A key tenet of social stratification is that status is inherited.

The group can be defined by wealth and social status,but it is often also related to such factors as race, ethnicity,gender, age, and religion.

SummarySuggested answer:Social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of asociety into social classes and strata that are very difficultfor individuals to rise through. One critical factor relatedto social class is that children can inherit this class fromtheir parents. Additionally, those born into the higherstrata of society use their power to maintain their wealthand position in society. Other birth factors that maydetermine a person’s social class include the person’srace, ethnicity, and gender.

Self Practice

01 Parts of PlotSuggested underlined sentences:Aristotle, in his Poetics, looks at the form of tragedy indrama.

By this, Aristotle indicates that the medium of tragedyis not narrative, but drama.

To be whole, the tragedy must have a beginning, middle,and an end.

The aim of the play is to bring out this catharsis withinthe audience.

SummarySuggested answer:In Poetics, Aristotle outlines the critical features of atragedy. First, Aristotle claimed that tragedy should beshown rather than told. A tragedy must also have alogically connected beginning, middle, and end.Additionally, Aristotle believed that a tragedy shouldlead the audience to a catharsis.

02 Management Suggested underlined sentences:Several studies have identified key mistakes that canimpede a talented manager’s career.

The first key mistake is insensitivity.

Another somewhat related common flaw is arrogance.

Betrayal of trust is cited in the studies as a third commonmistake.

The next mistake commonly linked to derailers isover-ambition.

The fifth key mistake identified in the research is thatderailers do not effectively delegate.

Summary Suggested answer:Research indicates that potentially successful managerscan derail their careers by making at least two of thefollowing mistakes. They may be insensitive to theirsubordinates. They may be too arrogant and not listen toothers who seem to have less skill or experience thanthey do. Another common problem is that derailers refuseto admit an inability to meet deadlines, thus betrayingthe trust of others they work with.

Focus BGuided Practice

01 AnxietyFear Anxiety

--- normal, healthy --- unhealthy mental state--- source can be --- not based on a describable

named source--- wastes energy

▼

Anxiety Disorders--- affects quality of life for

sufferer--- panic attacks--- highest rate of effective

treatment

Summary Suggested answer:Although many people think they are the same,psychologists differentiate between fear and anxiety.Fear is a normal, healthy reaction to a definable cause.Anxiety, in contrast, is an unhealthy mental state causedby an indescribable source. In severe cases, people maydevelop anxiety disorders which can negatively affectthe quality of life of the sufferer.

02 Plea bargainingPlea Bargaining: Disadvantages

--- makes legal system bartering--- people may plead guilty to crimes they didn’t

commit--- criminals may not be punished for crimes they

do commit

Plea bargaining: Advantages --- can save resources by avoiding trial--- can help convict high-level criminals--- can help convict criminals with insufficient

evidence

Summary Suggested answer:Plea bargaining is a powerful tool for prosecutors, butthere are both pros and cons related to this type of legalstrategy. Critics contend that plea bargaining reduces thejustice system to bartering and that dangerous criminalssometimes are not punished in exchange for testimonyagainst others. On the other hand, plea bargaining allowsthe justice system to function fluidly by saving both thetime and money that going to trial consumes. Finally,though some low-level criminals may not be punished fortheir crimes, their testimony helps keep more dangerouscriminals in prison, thus protecting society on the whole.

Self Practice

01 Bits vs. BytesBit: binary digit

--- consists of 0s and 1s, on and off--- used by programmers to direct computer

functions--- Kbps=kilobits per second

Byte: 8 bits--- single character of data on computer--- example: a letter in ASCII--- KBps=kilobytes per second--- kilo=1,024, NOT 1,000

222 Answer Key

223

Summary Suggested answer:Computers respond to data organized in two states,on and off, which are represented by 1s and 0s. Eachof these 1s and 0s is called a bit and is used by computerprogrammers to direct the functions of a computer.These bits are arranged in groups of eight, which arereferred to as bytes. A byte represents a single characterof data on a computer, such as the letter A.

02 Technology in the Classroom

Use of technology in the classroom --- multimedia should provide framework, not too

much detail--- teacher can become superfluous--- interaction can be reduced

Stages of lecture--- lecture should have beginning, middle, end--- beginning sparks student attention, provides

overview of topic

--- middle presents details --- should have breaks every 12-15 minutes to

engage students--- end reviews key information, helps students

assimilate info with own experience

Summary Suggested answer:A strong lecturer should use technology wisely andplan the stages of the lecture effectively. If technologypresents too much information to students during alecture, interaction will be reduced and the instructormay become unnecessary. The lecture should be dividedinto a beginning, middle, and end with appropriatecontent for each stage. Finally, the lecturer should plana change of pace every 12-15 minutes in order to keepthe students’ attention and re-engage them with thematerial.

Herbs and Drugs

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (D)7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (B)

10. (A) 11. (C)12. Drugs --- (B), (E), (H); Herbs --- (A), (C), (F)

William Shakespeare13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (D)19. (A) 20. (C) 21. (A)22. (B) 23. (A)24. (A), (C), (E)

Pollination25. (A) 26. (C) 27. (B)28. (A) 29. (D) 30. (B) 31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (A)34. (C) 35. (C) 36. (A), (D), (E)

Practice Test