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Annual World Bank Conference on Land and PovertyWashington, DC, March 23-27, 2015
Dr. Nicola Favretto
Applying Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis To Inform Policies That Better Protect Ecosystem Services: Insights
From Botswana’s Kalahari
• A harmonized assessment of the economic value of land and land-based ecosystems
• Draws on a range of case studies
Overall aims
• To improve the awareness of stakeholders on the economic value of SLM
• To propose effective solutions, policies, and activities to reduce land degradation, mitigate climate change, and deliver food, energy, and water security worldwide
The ELD Initiative
Aim: to assess the costs, benefits and trade-offs associated with different land uses and management strategies in
rangeland systems in Botswana
• Brings together socio-economic & environmental dimensions of land degradation: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
• Uses interdisciplinary methods
The Botswana case study
Study area
Data collection: east-west transect in south-west Botswana encompassing communal livestock grazing, private cattle ranches, private game ranches and Wildlife Management Areas
Objectives
1. To assess the socio-economic and ecological characteristics of the study area
2. To assess patterns of ecological change
3. To identify the Ecosystem Service (ES) benefits provided by each land use, and discuss the costs and trade-offs associated with their delivery under different land uses and management
4. To identify the major political and economic drivers of particular land use and management strategies
MCDA criteria and indicators
Final scoring of the MCDA
MCDA results I
Weighted performance of the four alternative land uses
Communal livestock grazing
Private cattle ranches Private game ranches WMAs0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cultural/Spiritual benefits
Recreation
Climate regulation
Plant and livestock diversity
Construction material
Fuel
Groundwater
Food (wild)
Food (commercial)
Type of land use
To
tal
(wei
gh
ted
) va
lue
of
ES
MCDA results II
Economic values (US$/yr) estimated for the quantitative criteria of the MCDA
Conclusions I
• Cattle production provides the largest financial benefits to private land users, but generates broad negative environmental externalities
• Fencing & support provided to borehole drilling for ground water extraction: concentration of cattle around water points
Retreat of grass cover and bush encroachment Reduced access to ES other than commercial food Decreased livestock income
Conclusions II
• Livestock encroachment, rangeland degradation & obstructed wildlife mobility declining wildlife numbers in & next to Wildlife Management Areas
Decreased economic viability of Community-Based Natural Resource Management and ecotourism activities
Implementing the results
Policy workshop• Dissemination of project findings to policy makers from a
range of sectors• Feedback and discussion about findings with input from
policy audience• Identification of research gaps and elaboration of future
research agenda
