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W O R L D N U C L E A R T R A N S P O R T I N S T I T U T E

Dedicated to the safe, efficient and reliable transport of radioactive materials

Annual Review2013

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For further information visit: www.wnti.co.uk

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Contents

Message from the Chairman

Message from the Secretary General

Overview of the WNTI

WNTI Organisation

WNTI Staff

WNTI Members

WNTI Industry Groups

Intergovernmental Organisations

Transporting Nuclear Waste - A Caribbean Perspective

Public Communications

In our 15th year we...

Events Summary

The Year Ahead

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Message from the Chairman

“Working as the voice of the transport industry remains the key focus for the WNTI”

The transport of nuclear materials is an essential requirement of any use of and benefit from nuclear energy. It is vital that safety and security are ensured to maintain the sustainability of the industry’s transport operations. The civil transport of nuclear materials has enjoyed an excellent safety record for over fifty years. The regulatory regime is sound, stable, well established and the emphasis now needs to be on the harmonisation of the implementation of the Transport Regulations. The World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) is facilitating this by the development and adoption of good practices throughout its members and the industry and this has continued to be a high priority for the WNTI during the year.

Transport security is also important to counter the risk of malicious acts. The industry has successfully employed a range of protection measures for many years but the emphasis on security has recently increased. Our objective is

to ensure that security is achieved through a viable balance between regulatory requirements and operational efficiency such that security is ensured without imposing disproportionate operational constraints on the transport industry. Close cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) are key elements in achieving this objective. The WNTI was well represented at, and one of the sponsors of, the IAEA International Security Conference in July and was also involved, in partnership with the WINS, in the organisation of an intergovernmental event in Japan dedicated to the security of the transports of sensitive nuclear materials. In March 2014, WNTI will take part in the 3rd Nuclear Industry Security Summit in The Netherlands.

This year, the WNTI organised a Members’ Forum, gathering Senior Executives of its Member Companies. This was a new initiative, the aims of

which were to review the current organisation and structure of the WNTI together with its objectives, achievements and the benefits to the members since its foundation in 1998. This provided a platform to listen to the members’ views, to discuss with them the strategy the WNTI is following today and the developments which are needed to meet the new challenges which the transport industry and the WNTI will have to face in the future. This Forum generated many valuable contributions and on this basis we are setting up a committee of members’ representatives to help to shape the sustainable future of the WNTI.

Finally, I would like to acknowledge the efforts of the Secretary General and his team, their enthusiasm in representing the transport industry, and their dynamism in promoting the transport industry skills and good practices through regional workshops. Working as the voice of the transport industry remains the key focus for the WNTI.

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Message from the Secretary General

2013 has been an exciting year for all the World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) stakeholders, its Members and its staff. Three new companies have joined the WNTI this year bringing the total Membership up to 46. In addition to the well-established WNTI regional representatives in the USA, Japan and Southern Africa, we now have a representative in Australasia.

The need to bring together the various stakeholders involved in the transport of radioactive materials, particularly those in countries relatively new to the industry, has always been an important role for the WNTI. Regional Workshops have been organised bringing together regulators and industry to facilitate good practices within various regions with particular relevance to the international transport of uranium ore concentrates. Similar Workshops were held in 2012 in St Petersburg, Russia and also in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Following this successful formulae, in May this year, a WNTI Workshop was held in Shanghai, China focusing on the issues relevant to the import of front end nuclear material into China. Further, in October, a Workshop for the Caribbean region took place in Panama. The Workshop brought together major stakeholders from the maritime transport industry throughout the region, including national and regional regulators, coastguard administrations and industry

representatives. Topics discussed included regulatory overview in the region, transport safety and security and also the denial and delay of shipments of radioactive materials.

The objective of these Regional Workshops is to foster a closer dialogue between the various stakeholders and to facilitate discussion on the views and concerns of those in the particular region. The Workshops have been very successful: they have exposed and clarified many important issues and the WNTI will continue to organise thematic workshops to address such issues as communication, security and liability. It is important, through the regional representatives, that the WNTI maintains contact and nurtures the relationships with the various stakeholders in these regions. Likewise, it is important to take the experiences we have gained into other regions of the world to promote industry good practices.

Effective communication with the public, media and government officials has to be continued to maintain the public acceptability of radioactive materials transport operations. The WNTI plays an important role in this as the authoritative voice of the industry. As in previous years, we continue to produce information and conference papers. This year we again took an active part in the organisation of the international symposium

dedicated to the packaging and transport of nuclear materials, PATRAM 2013 in San Francisco, and presented papers to reflect the industrial perspective on many important issues.

Student opinion is particularly important and the WNTI has been invited to make presentations at the World Maritime University in Malmö to students who are involved in maritime transport, which is important to industries dependent on the transport of nuclear materials, and also to students at the University of Central Lancashire in the UK and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA.

Exaggerated perceptions of the potential risks which might result from transport incidents have resulted in significant operational problems, public disorder and inflated costs. It is therefore important for the WNTI to liaise with all stakeholders in nuclear transport operations to dispel exaggerated perceptions of the risk in the minds of the public, media and politicians.

This fruitful year is not a goal per se, but is another step forward to sustain our transport operations thanks to the implementation of industry good practices, the support of the regulatory harmonisation and the improvement of public understanding and confidence.

“It is important to take the experiences we have gained into other regions of the world to promote industry good practices”

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Overview of

the WNTI

To promote the safe, secure, efficient and reliable transport of radioactive materials by sea, land and air through the harmonised application of national and international standards, regulations and procedures;

to consult with governmental and non-governmental bodies to support balanced international standards, regulations, guidelines and procedures through the preparation of industry position papers, technical briefs, standards and scientific research;

to act as a catalyst and facilitator bringing Members together to exchange views on radioactive materials transport issues and to participate in appropriate meetings, conferences and media briefings;

to support the research, development and testing of packaging and systems for the transport of radioactive materials;

to provide factual information on the safe transport of radioactive materials; to develop industry good practices.

WNTI Objectives

Industry Working Together

In 1998, the World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) was founded by International Nuclear Services Ltd (formerly part of BNFL) of the United Kingdom, AREVA (formerly known as Cogema) of France, and the Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC) of Japan to represent the collective interests of the nuclear transport industry, and those who rely on it in the safe, secure, efficient and reliable packaging and transport of radioactive materials.

The WNTI has grown to 46 Member companies drawn from a wide range

of industry sectors including mines, fuel producers and fabricators, major utilities, package designers and producers and transport companies.

The generation of electricity, medicine and health, scientific research and agriculture are aspects of modern life that rely on the safe, secure, efficient and reliable transport of radioactive materials. All of these sectors are becoming increasingly global in terms both of products and services. Maintaining safe and secure national and international transport by all modes is essential to support them.

The radioactive transport industry has

established an enviable international safety record – delivering shipments of radioactive materials of all kinds each day around the world. This impressive record is backed by a stringent regulatory regime that has been in place and under continuous review for several decades.

The radioactive materials transport industry provides a fundamental service within a complex regulatory, commercial and political context. Through the WNTI, companies are working together to promote a sound international framework for the future by helping to build international consensus, co-operation and understanding.

International Co-operation

Intergovernmental organisations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) play a pivotal role in establishing standards and regulations that apply to radioactive materials transport and it is important that industry views are represented. Through its non-governmental status, the WNTI supports the work of the key intergovernmental organisations in promoting an efficient, harmonised international transport safety regime.

During 2013, the WNTI actively participated in various meetings of

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the IAEA and the IMO, including the provision of specialist experts for technical meetings. The WNTI was also represented at key meetings of the UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in June and November, and of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in October.

Exchanges within intergovernmental organisations, with national competent authorities and collaboration with related industry organisations such as FORATOM, the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), the World Nuclear Association (WNA), the World Institute of Nuclear Security (WINS), the World

Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are essential and remain a priority for the WNTI.

Developing Awareness

The WNTI produces technical and factual information to support a background for balanced policies and regulations. Scientific and other academic papers are published regularly and presented to key officials including regulators.

Good Practices for Our Industry

The WNTI Members exchange good

practices during the meetings of the WNTI Industry Working Groups and develop guides based on these exchanges. These Good Practice Guides are freely available on the WNTI website.

Forum for Exchange of Information and Views

Through its semi-annual Members meetings, the WNTI brings together its Member companies in various locations worldwide to address challenges facing industry, and to share information and ideas. Industry-led Working Groups meet under WNTI auspices to provide a forum for the exchange of

information, with a view to developing consolidated industry positions.

The WNTI is an international organisation for all sectors of radioactive materials transport. Headquartered in London, the WNTI Secretariat has a small staff of qualified professionals working closely with Members and other international bodies involved in the transport of radioactive materials.The WNTI provides:

a forum for Members to share information and ideas; well-researched, consolidated positions; time-sensitive, value-added analyses of regulatory changes; technical research, studies and publications;

dialogue with intergovernmental organisations; good practice guides for industry; a collective voice for industry.

WNTI Role

Photographs (left to right): Transport cask lowered into an unloading

pool at Clab Road transport of spent fuel, Japan Rail transport of spent fuel

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WNTI

Organisation

WNTI Organisation

The WNTI is the trading name of World Nuclear Transport Limited, a company limited by guarantee and governed under English Law. The WNTI has two membership categories – Ordinary and Associate. Ordinary Members are those prepared to make a substantial commitment and to be actively involved in the Institute’s development. Associate Members have access to information produced by the WNTI and may be consulted in

defining common positions.

The Board of Directors, drawn from Ordinary Members, currently comprises six Directors and meets biannually. Headquartered in London, the Institute is managed by the Secretary General. The Secretary General chairs an Advisory Committee which reports to the Board of Directors.

The WNTI operates successfully as a network organisation, with regional offices in Tokyo and Washington and

regional representation in Southern Africa and Australasia.

WNTI Membership

The WNTI is an international organisation and its ability to represent Members’ interests is influenced by the number, global reach and variety of its Members. With a growing Membership, the Institute has gained increasing recognition for its capacity to represent the collective views of industry. New Members from all

sectors of industry having a stake in safe radioactive materials transport are being encouraged to join the WNTI.

The large part of the WNTI’s expertise rests with its Members and, to provide any necessary technical support, the WNTI seeks collaboration with Members and external experts.

Henry-Jacques NeauSecretary General

Darren WallerCompany Secretary / Finance & Operations Manager

Betty Bonnardel-AzzarelliCommunications Project Manager / Specialist Advisor

Amy NorthageMembership Secretary

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Michelle AslettGraphic Design & Communications Executive

Molly McKennaSecretary & Finance Assistant

Trevor DixonSpecialist Advisor

Yoshiyuki FujitaSpecialist Advisor

WNTI Staff

WNTI Board of Directors

Mark Jervis Chair

Alastair Brown

Benoît Fichefeux

Ken Goto

Katsutoshi Kido

David Ohayon

Darren WallerCompany Secretary

WNTI Advisory Committee

Henry-Jacques NeauChair

Xavier Boreau

Pierre Malesys

Masato Nabeshima

Akinobu Nozaka

Garry Owen

Graham Rose

Darren Waller

Regional Representation

Tokyo officePrincipal RepresentativeMasato Nabeshima

Washington officePrincipal RepresentativeEileen Supko

Southern Africa Regional RepresentativePeter Buchholz

AustralasiaRegional RepresentativeFrank Boulton

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WNTI

Members(December 2013)

AREVABHP Billiton Ltd.Cameco CorporationConverDynDAHER NCS (Nuclear Cargo & Service GmbH)Direct Rail Services Ltd. (DRS)DLA Piper UK LLPÉlectricité de France (EDF)ENUSA Industrias Avanzadas S.A.F.S.U.E Atomic Fleet ‘Atomflot’ GEODIS Wilson/STSI

GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH International Nuclear Services Ltd. (INS)Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd. (JNFL)Joint Stock Company “Atomredmetzoloto” (ARMZ)Joint Stock Company Engineering Center for Nuclear ContainersJoint Stock Company Saint Petersburg “IZOTOP”Joint Stock Company “Techsnabexport” (TENEX)Low Level Waste Repository Ltd.Marubeni CorporationNantong CIMC Tank Equipment Co., Ltd.NTP Logistics (Pty) Ltd.

PATRAM 2013 - OverviewThe 17th Symposium for the Packaging and Transport of Radioactive Materials (PATRAM) took place 16-23 August 2013 in San Francisco, USA.

PATRAM 2013 in brief

800 registrations 334 presentations 40% Americans – 60% International Participants 5 concurrent technical sessions

Main topics of discussion as identified by the WNTI

While the range of topics discussed was broad there was a particular focus on the technical aspects of

fuel ageing and interim storage, on the regulatory harmonisation between regions and countries and the harmonisation of the implementation of the Regulations.

WNTI at PATRAM 2013

The WNTI actively participated in the organisation of PATRAM 2013, attending the Organisation Committees, the Paper Selection Committee and co-chairing the Industry Liaison Committee. The WNTI co-chaired two sessions.The WNTI also presented:

An opening plenary speech, Seven oral presentations on:

- Transport Security - Identification of UF6 containers - Waste Characterisation - WNTI Good Practices - Updates on communications for RAM transport - IAEA Regulations - Nuclear Liability

A poster on Back End Transport.The WNTI also hosted an exhibit.

Next PATRAM

The next symposium will take place 11-16 September 2016, in Kobe, Japan.

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Nuclear Fuel Industries, Ltd. (NFI)Nuclear Fuel Transport Co., Ltd. (NFT)Nuclear Risk Insurers Ltd. (NRI)Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO)OCL CorporationPacific Nuclear Transport Ltd. (PNTL)PacTec, Inc.Paladin Energy Ltd.Rio Tinto Uranium Ltd.RSB LOGISTIC Projektspedition GmbHSellafield Ltd.Sojitz Corporation Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) - (Swedish Nuclear Fuel & Waste Management Co.)

Swiss Nuclear Fuel Commission

TAM International Inc.

The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan (FEPC)

TN International

Transnuclear, Inc.

Transnuclear Ltd.

Transport Logistics International Inc. (TLI)

sa TRANSRAD nv

URENCO Ltd.

USEC Inc.

Westinghouse Electric Company LLCPhotographs (left to right):

Paducah operators offloading cylinders Core U308 transport

WNTI membership is open to companies involved in or which attach importance to the transport of radioactive materials for peaceful purposes.

Organisations wishing to apply for membership need to complete a WNTI Registration Form together with a letter of application including the name and nature of business.

For further information about becoming a WNTI Member, please contact the WNTI Membership Secretary:

Tel: +44 (0)20 7580 1144 Email: wnti@wnti.co.uk

WNTI Membership

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WNTI

Industry

Groups

Uranium Concentrates Industry Working Group

Uranium ore concentrates are transported internationally by road, rail and sea from the uranium producers to uranium converters. The concentrates are LSA-I (low specific activity) type material transported in an industrial package type 1 (Type IP-1), typically standard open-head steel drums. Transport generally involves the use of dry 20’ sea (ISO) containers. International routes often involve sea transport and include both rail and road segments.

Being classified as radioactive materials, transports of uranium ores are subject not only to the requirements of the regulatory regime including control of radiation dose and contamination, but also interest from ports and other jurisdictions in the security of the cargo.

During 2013, the Uranium Concentrate Industry Working Group held a Workshop in Shanghai, China, attended by over 70 representatives, to discuss issues related to the safe, secure, efficient and reliable transport of Uranium Concentrates in these areas (see page 17 for more information). The Uranium Concentrates Industry Working Group continued its work to develop further guidance and supporting documents which included the publication of a Fact Sheet titled Preparation of Natural Uranium Samples for Shipment in an Excepted Package and Good Practice Guide WNTI Best Practice for Checking Shipping Containers Prior to Loading Drums of UOC and Before Dispatch. Formally an Information Paper, Uranium Concentrates Industry Good Practices for ISO Containers in Multimodal Transports – Revision 0 was also reviewed and published as a WNTI Standard document.

Transport Security Industry Working Group

It is well understood by the transport industry that security requirements are a matter for individual States and industry must work within these requirements. However, internationally, these regulations are not always joined-up and for industry to best understand and work with them, a WNTI Transport Security Industry Working Group was established to support and work towards industry-wide compliance. In recent years there has been increased interest in the security issues affecting the transport of radioactive materials.

The main objectives of the Working Group are to:

assess the implications of security measures and State regulations on the transport of radioactive materials;

assess the impact of the

increasing use of port radiation monitors;

evaluate industry experience with satellite and package tracking devices;

develop industry good practice publications;

liaise with other non-governmental security organisations;

be active in developments of transport-related IAEA security series publications;

report to WNTI Members on security-related issues;

evaluate consequent interaction between safety and safeguards; and

be the voice of the industry on transport security-related issues.

Through this Working Group, industry is able to share best practices in transport security-related issues.

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Transport Supply Chain Industry Working Group

The Transport Supply Chain Industry Working Group proposes to WNTI Members to put in common means to achieve quality of radioactive materials transport operations through the management of the supply chain, i.e. the development, maintenance and ongoing management of supply chain routes and their associated processes. The

management of radioactive materials based supply chains generally comprise a mix of process based nodes involving direct or indirect process control mechanisms together with the need for the monitoring of activities by Consignors. The diversity, extent and need for such process control mechanisms and monitoring will depend on the type of radioactive materials being transported, the geographical nature of each supply chain route along with

any social or political sensitivities surrounding such transports from time to time.

The purpose of the Working Group is to meet international regulatory compliance whilst consistently ensuring the highest possible quality outcomes across and for all transport operations involving radioactive materials. It is looking to develop a suite of specific requirements, acceptable industry good practices,

performance based measures and assessment and evaluation methodologies. A paper detailing the issues covered by the Working Group was presented at the PATRAM 2013 Symposium in San Francisco during August.

Marc-André Charette1, Cameco Corporation Uranium Concentrates Industry Working Group

Paul Harding2, INS Transport Security Industry Working Group

Thierry Miquel3, EDF Transport Supply Chain Industry Working Group

Marc Flynn4, LLWR Emergency Preparedness and Response Industry Working Group

Norman Kent5, TLI SSR-6 Industry Working Group

Gary Jones6, INS Back End Transport Industry Working Group

Florian Spielmann7, URENCO Ltd. HEXT Industry Working Group

WNTI Industry Working Group Chairs

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WNTI

Industry

Groups

Emergency Preparedness and Response Industry Working Group

Even with an outstanding safety record spanning over five decades, the transport of radioactive materials cannot and must not be taken for granted. Through the Emergency Preparedness and Response Industry Working Group, the Industry members of the World Nuclear Transport Institute meet on a regular basis to discuss issues surrounding emergency response and share experience in their preparation for the unlikely event of an accident. The Working Group meeting took place in December to share experience in emergency preparedness and response and develop a work plan for future sessions. It included a presentation from a representative of the IAEA International Emergency Centre of the IAEA Emergency Arrangements and in particular on the RANET database.

SSR-6 Industry Working Group

The principal purpose of the WNTI SSR-6 Industry Working Group is to arrive at consolidated industry positions on the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (SSR-6) review and implementation issues. The Working Group plays an important role in providing advice to support WNTI representatives at IAEA and other meetings. Early in 2013, the Working Group held two preparatory meetings to develop the issues identified by WNTI Industry Members on SSR-6, the Advisory Material for the IAEA Regulations for the Transport of Radioactive Material (TS-G-1.1) and comments on the Schedules of Provisions of the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials (TS-G-1.6), providing an industry consolidated position and feedback on the Transport Regulations. The WNTI participated actively in the SSR-6 review process during 2013, participating in Consultant Meetings

on issues collected by the IAEA on the Transport Regulations SSR-6, the Associated Guidance TS-G-1.1, and on the schedules (TS-G-1.6). In July, the WNTI participated in the IAEA Technical Meeting, ‘Environment to which Packages May be Subject during Transport and Related Issues Concerning the Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’.

Back End Transport Industry Working Group

Spent fuel and radioactive wastes from the manufacture of fuel for nuclear power reactors, the decommissioning of redundant nuclear facilities and a wide range of industrial and medical facilities vary greatly in their chemical, physical and radioactive properties. Radioactive wastes have to be processed and packaged, transported for storage and eventually for disposal.The Back End Transport Industry Working Group considers all

Back End transport issues with the potential to affect radioactive materials transport in terms of safety requirements, costs, delays and any other aspects that WNTI Members consider to be important in order to facilitate best practice in the packaging and transport of radioactive waste materials without imposing unnecessary operational constraints.

During 2013, the Working Group published a new Fact Sheet titled Transport of Large Objects and Special Arrangement, providing guidance and advise Members or interested parties for the transport of large objects. Transport of large contaminated objects such as decommissioned process plant vessels and reactor heat exchangers is increasing. The IAEA transport regulations need to be able to accommodate such transport operations safely and efficiently and guidance developed with the support of WNTI Members has already been incorporated in the IAEA TS-G-1.1.

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Another current topic for the Working Group is that of dual purpose casks. Dual purpose casks for long storage periods for spent nuclear fuel, up to 300 years or more, are now having to be considered because of the lack of disposal facilities and of the postponed decisions on reprocessing. Such long term storage and eventual transport in dual-use casks can raise complex regulation issues and Working Group Members have been involved in drafting an IAEA Technical Document (TECDOC) which provides guidance in the preparation of a safety case for a dual purpose cask containing spent fuel, which has an aim to be published for the start of 2014.

The Working Group has been involved with both IAEA and national regulators to ensure that the regulations are appropriate for fissile excepted waste materials (those containing only a small fraction of fissile material), and progress was made. The new fissile excepted provisions have been included in

the new 2012 Edition of the IAEA Transport Regulations. The Working Group also published at the end of 2013 an Information Paper providing guidance on applying and satisfying the regulations for fissile excepted wastes.

The Working Group is actively working on the generic area of Waste Characterisation with the aim of producing a WNTI Good Practice Guide to assist WNTI Members involved in the transport of wastes. There are three key areas for investigation and development, namely:

Inventory Forecasting which is an important first step since it affects the number of packages, transport vehicles, personnel etc. that will be required. It will also influence capital investment requirements. A WNTI Information Paper summarising key principles for inventory forecasting is being developed

with an aim to publish early 2014.

Classification of categories of High Priority Waste Streams; this involves the development of principles for the classification, characterisation and data requirements which are needed as a basis for package design and transport of both fissile and non-fissile wastes.

Package design safety cases; to consider how the safety cases could be made for the major broad categories of waste, how they could best be accommodated in the transport regulations and the benefits which this approach would bring.

HEXT Industry Working Group

The WNTI HEXT Industry Working Group considers package requirements in SSR-6 for the

transport of uranium hexafluoride (Hex). The Working Group provides a forum for WNTI Members to exchange information on a range of issues including package approvals and validations. Information also is shared on technical and operational solutions to satisfy regulatory requirements.

Additionally, the Working Group closely follows developments in SSR-6 and other applicable regulations, especially with regard to non-fissile, fissile-excepted and fissile Hex. In this context, the development regarding the H(U) approvals for 48 inch cylinders and B(U)F approvals for 30 inch cylinders requires special attention.

Photographs (left to right): TN112 (cask to transport used MOX fuel) Drums of uranium oxide concentrate ready

for shipping Spent fuel casks in ship’s hold

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Intergovernmental

Organisations

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Transport Safety Regulations

The IAEA was set up as the world’s “Atoms for Peace” organisation in 1957 within the United Nations family. The Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies. There currently are 159 Member States of the IAEA, 71 intergovernmental organisations and non-governmental organisations, including the WNTI, which provide expertise and technical guidance. For over five decades the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, known as SSR-6, has set the standards for the worldwide transport safety regulatory regime. The Transport Safety Standards Committee (TRANSSC) is the

premier body within the IAEA recommending on Transport Safety Regulations review and implementation. The IAEA convenes Technical Meetings and Consultant Meetings to propose and further develop positions on issues for consideration by the IAEA Secretariat and TRANSSC.

During 2013, the WNTI participated in Consultants and Technical meetings organised by the Agency to start a new review of the Transport Safety Regulations. The accompanying guidance document, TS-G-1.1, also was under review. In addition, the WNTI was invited to participate in the ‘Technical Meeting on the Environment to which Packages May be Subject During Transport and Related Issues Concerning the Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, delivering five presentations providing industry experience on the environmental conditions of transport.

Transport Security

Maintaining secure as well as safe transport continued to receive priority attention at the IAEA in 2013 with the development and finalisation of the guide Methodology to Detect Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material across Borders.

The IAEA held an International Conference on Nuclear Security: Enhancing Global Efforts. This conference was convened to review the international community’s experience and achievements in strengthening nuclear security, to enhance understanding of current approaches to nuclear security worldwide and identify trends. It provided a global forum for ministers, policymakers and senior officials to formulate views on the future directions and priorities for nuclear security. Although this conference was a security highlight of the year, security in transport had limited discussion.

The Nuclear Security Summit, to be held in The Hague, 2014, will encourage ratification of the amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material by more countries to ensure that the amendment enters into force as soon as possible; this would include transport security.

IAEA Annual General Conference

The General Conference gathers all representatives of the IAEA Member States and observing organisations, such as the WNTI. The Conference passes resolutions which design a year’s policy and activity for the Agency. The two main resolutions for the transport of radioactive materials include Measures to Strengthen International Cooperation in Nuclear, Radiation and Transport Safety and Waste Management (GC(57)/RES/9) and Nuclear Security (GC(57)/RES/10).

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IAEA Steering Committee on Shipment Denials

The IAEA International Steering Committee on Shipment Denials of Radioactive Materials (ISC) was established as a follow-up to the July 2003 IAEA International Transport Safety Conference where considerable attention was paid to the increasing difficulties of assuring timely, cost-effective transport. The main objective of the Steering Committee was to develop an international, integrated Plan of Action for addressing and reducing the instances of denials of shipments of radioactive materials. Priority areas identified in the Action Plan include awareness, training, communication, and lobbying.

The IAEA Deputy Secretary General reiterated the challenges to the ISC to find solutions to the denial and delay issues so that by 2013 they would be of no concern. The 2013 meeting of the ISC transferred the

responsibilities for denial and delays to a sub working group of the Inter-Agency Working Group which will report directly to the IAEA Transport Safety Standards Committee.

Photographs (left to right): Drum of uranium concentrate hoisted from

the conveyor belt Loading spent fuel cask at a port Boilers being removed from Berkeley site in

Gloucestershire

WNTI Workshop - The Front End of the Operation; Uranium Imports to China

A Uranium Concentrates Workshop organised by the WNTI brought together major stakeholders in Shanghai, China, including national Competent Authorities, mining, transport, power generation, logistics companies and industries to focus in particular on the transport of front-end nuclear materials. The Workshop represented a global cross-section of participants from Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Greenland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States of America.

Through presentations and case studies, the Workshop focused on regulatory aspects of transports to and within China, detailing the transport and logistic challenges in moving nuclear material between ports and power stations within the country. The Workshop highlighted some issues for the import of radioactive materials in China which included language and cultural differences, training and a lack of mechanisms and protocols for technical exchanges. One presentation also gave an insight into the challenges faced when trying to find the current regulations for the transport of radioactive materials in China. Although there were many lessons learnt, there is still much work to be done between those who wish to ship into China and the Chinese Competent Authorities.

The WNTI continues its efforts in building relationships between major stakeholders within the Chinese Competent Authorities, port authorities and those in China who are involved in and responsible for the transport of nuclear materials.

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Intergovernmental

Organisations

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the specialised agency of the United Nations Organization providing the mechanism for Member States to develop regulations and codes of practice to preserve safety of life at sea, ensure maritime security, and protect the marine environment from pollution by shipping. The IMO provisions for radioactive materials are based on the IAEA Transport Safety Regulations and are incorporated into the IMO International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.

There currently are 171 Member States of the IMO,

61 intergovernmental organisations and over 75 non-governmental organisations, including the WNTI, which provide expertise and technical guidance.

World Maritime University

The World Maritime University (WMU), established by the IMO in 1983, and based in Malmö, Sweden, has as its prime objective to increase the number of highly trained

specialist maritime personnel around the world. Over the past year, the WNTI continued its partnership with the WMU in the interest of encouraging a fuller understanding of the issues surrounding the transport of radioactive materials, including packaging and the need for such transports.

WNTI Industry Site Visits

In the interest of enhancing

communication and broadening understanding, the WNTI continues its programme of site visits to industrial facilities in France and the UK subject to the international transport safety regulatory regime. The visits have given an opportunity to many senior officials of the IMO and IAEA Secretariats, and members of national delegations to these organisations, to see first-hand the practices, procedures and equipment involved in fuel cycle transport.

Assembly

Marine Environment Protection Committee

(MEPC)

Technical Co-operation Committee

Facilitation Committee

Legal Committee

Maritime Safety Commitee

(MSC)

Human Element, Training and

Watchkeeping (HTW)

Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR)

Carriage of Cargoes and Containers

(CCC)

Implementation of IMO

Instruments (III)

Ship Systems and Equipment

(SSE)

Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR)

Ship Design and Construction

(SDC)

Sub-Committees

Committees

Council

IMO Structure During 2012 the International Maritime Organization Committees, Council and Assembly agreed to restructure its Committees and Sub-Committees. This new structure will ensure a more efficient work programme and designation of work-loads between sub-committees. It will also be more time efficient for IMO member States. The WNTI will continue to attend relevant committee and sub-committee meetings as appropriate.

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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a United Nations Specialized Agency, is the global forum for civil aviation. ICAO works to achieve its vision of safe, secure and sustainable development of civil aviation through cooperation amongst its Member States. The 2013-2014 Edition of the ICAO Technical Instructions was published early 2013. 2013 also saw the conclusion of a two-year review of the Technical Instructions at the ICAO Dangerous Goods Panel meeting in October, with the next edition expected at the beginning of 2015. This edition will see changes in the requirements based on the harmonisation with the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations (Orange Book).

UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods1

The UN formed the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods which first drafted the Recommendations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods (aka the “Orange Book”) in the 1950’s. In 2001, the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) agreed the UN Committee of Experts should be reconfigured as the “Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals”. Two sub-committees were established, one being the UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNCTDG). The UNCTDG updates and amends the UN Recommendations every two years. This biennial revision cycle allows the Experts to keep the Orange Book up to date with the latest developments

in dangerous goods transport. The UN Recommendations only apply to “packaged” dangerous goods, with the 15th Edition incorporating the IAEA Transport Regulations. The 18th revised edition, published in 2013, is the version which is currently applicable. In 2013, the Committee considered and incorporated the changes to the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, (SSR-6) 2012 Edition.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a non-governmental body with a mission to promote the development of standardisation and related activities worldwide. A Technical Committee (TC85) deals with nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection; standards relating to the transport of radioactive materials are included in the activities of Sub-Committee 5 (nuclear fuel

technology). Two standards, which we focus on, ISO 12807, ‘Leakage testing on packages’ and ISO 7195, ‘Packaging of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) for transport’ are being revised in WG 5 (Transportation of radioactive material). Following a presentation made at the ISO T85 meeting in Paris in 2012, the WNTI is pursuing the development of a draft for an ISO standard about the transport of uranium concentrate based on WNTI’s own Good Practice Guides and Standards. The aim is to present the draft to the ISO in 2014.

1 UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

Photographs (left to right): Pacific Grebe at sea INF3 Class 3 ship, Mutsu-Ogawara Port,

Japan Newly built INF3 ship, Sigrid

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The Caribbean is organised into 30 territories that have been classified as one of Conservation International’s biodiversity hotspots because of its exceptionally diverse terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The most significant threats are the impacts of climate change and sea level rise along with pollution from land based and marine activities. Vulnerable to the devastating effects of natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, States are faced with the overwhelming task of implementing effective ocean governance strategies that preserves the safety of the marine environment that is fundamental to the sustainable development of their economies which rely on shipping, fishing and marine tourism for substantial income.

States are aware of the ever increasing demand for energy and recognise the importance of nuclear energy in reducing the dependency on fossil fuels that damage the environment. However, the

reality is that when the word ‘nuclear’ is used, it invokes lingering images of the 1945 destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. All subsequent nuclear accidents, including the Chernobyl disaster of 1986, and the more recent Fukushima nuclear power plant devastation in Japan, have only amplified the negativity and anxiety associated with “nuclear anything”.

The Caribbean has expressed tolerance for some things nuclear as they have welcomed nuclear powered warships on humanitarian and recreational visits over the years. However, environmental groups and regional governments contend that the shipments of radioactive waste pose a clear and present danger to the well-being of all Caribbean Countries - one accident, however small, could have catastrophic consequences for our fragile ecological system and for the survival of our people. This mantra is premised on the lack of resilience of Caribbean Economies and the absence of capacity to effectively deal with radioactive accidents. This resolve has been

communicated via diplomatic channels in different fora, like the United Nations, for well over a decade.

However, having had the benefit of visiting the AREVA Nuclear Facilities in France and a PNTL ship, as part of the WNTI fellowship to the World Maritime University, I am of the view that what the Caribbean needs is an honest reality check that is based on a sound understanding of the characteristics of radioactive material and nuclear residues, the international standards imposed, and the safety measures and mechanism involved in the transportation logistics. It is only through continued diplomacy in a forum of trust, mutual respect and recognition of neighbourly responsibility that we will be able to reduce the anxiety and attain a mutually satisfactory position. The challenge will be to find an appropriate medium, like the recent WNTI Workshop held in Panama, that brings balance to the argument currently dominated by the populists, as it is the public that dictates the policies of Governments.

Transporting Nuclear Waste - A Caribbean Perspective

“States are aware of the ever increasing demand for energy and recognise the importance of nuclear energy in reducing the dependency on fossil fuels that damage the environment”

This year’s opinion piece is provided by Lt. Commander Mykoo, former WNTI WMU Student, who attended and presented at the WNTI Caribbean Workshop held in Panama. The views expressed are the personal observations and opinion of the author, and does not in any way reflect the sentiments or position taken by his employer, country of residence, or affiliated organizations.

Wayne Mykoo, Lieutenant Commander, Manager Maritime Affairs and External Relations, Antigua and Barbuda Department of Marine Services and Merchant Shipping

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Public Communications

Member Services

The WNTI holds semi-annual Members meetings to discuss current issues and challenges facing industry with a view to developing well-researched consolidated positions. The first meeting in May 2013 was held in Shanghai, China which provided the opportunity for the WNTI’s previously sponsored WMU Chinese student, Mr. Di Ren, to give a presentation on the World Maritime University. A presentation was also provided on the current situation concerning the transportation of radioactive materials in China by a representative of the Chinese Competent Authority, amongst others.

The second Members meeting of 2013 was held in December in London, UK, which largely focused on operational experiences in packaging and transport and transport regulatory developments. The meeting saw the debriefing of the “IAEA Technical Meeting on the Environment to which Packages

May be Subject During Transport and Related Issues Concerning the Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material” and of the “Package Design Safety Report International Guide”, by the Chair of both IAEA Working Groups, as well as a presentation on IAEA organisation for transport security matters.

At both meetings, the WNTI industry Working Groups convened to continue their work.

Publications

An important WNTI communications function is the publication of baseline information, reviews, and technical studies to support its principal activities. It includes Fact Sheets providing balanced information on all aspects of radioactive materials transport, Information Papers which give more detailed information on specific aspects of transport, Good Practice Guides which are WNTI Members’ agreed good practice

guidance, Standards which are long lasting good practice guidance documents and Conference Papers. This year, our suite of materials has been enhanced by four new publications; Fact Sheet - Transport of Large Objects and Special Arrangement, Information Paper - New Fissile Exception Provisions in the IAEA Transport Regulations (SSR-6), Fact Sheet - Preparation of Natural Uranium Samples for Shipment in an Excepted Package and Good Practice Guide - WNTI Best Practice for Checking Shipping Containers Prior to Loading Drums of UOC and Before Dispatch. All WNTI publications are available in electronic format on the WNTI website.

Website

The WNTI public website provides information on nuclear transport including the nuclear fuel cycle, non-fuel cycle transport, regulations and packages. It houses all of the WNTI publications which can also be found

in Chinese, Spanish, Korean, French, Portuguese and Russian. Further information on WNTI Member’s products and services is available online while current news on industry events is regularly updated. There is also a Members’ intranet which provides the latest developments on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials.

Photographs (left to right): Lt. Commander Mykoo WNTI Panama Workshop WNTI Members Meeting

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3 NEW MEMBERS

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HELDWORKSHOPS

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SENT 31 INFORMATION EMAILS PUBLICATIONS

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ORGANISED 5 DAYS OF

Events Summary

January

Transport Workshop

SymposiumConsultants Meeting

Consultant Meeting Review

Technical Meeting

8th Steering Committee on Denial of Shipments

Technical Meeting

UC Workshop Customs Methodology

MSC

LegalCommittee

Semi-annual Members Meeting

26th TRANSSC

Editorial & Technical Group

UNCETDG

Maritime Workshop

Training Consultancy

Technical Meeting

Sub-Committee on Dangerous Goods

MEPC Consultant Meeting

Conference 27th TRANSSC

ConferenceCouncil and Assembly

Interagency meeting

Transport Task Force

Conference Conference Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation

Interagency meeting

ORPC-HNS Conference on Nuclear Security

Members Forum

Transport Task Force

Semi-annual Members Meeting

Conference

Conference Facilitation Committee

57th General Conference

Transport Working Group

3rd Meeting of the NSGC

CouncilTC85 4th Meeting of the NSGC

UNCETDG

February March April May June July August September October November December

Lecture

Photograph: WNTI Workshop, China

Dangerous Goods Panel

Conference Conference

ConferenceConference

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The Year Ahead

1. The WNTI will maintain, on behalf of, and with its Members, its strong engagement for promoting effective safety and security standards and practices for the packaging and transport of radioactive materials. The WNTI Secretariat will carry on informing Members regularly about the latest developments in the international regulations and practices of the transport of radioactive materials.

2. Close cooperation between the WNTI and the key UN bodies involved in the establishment of the regulatory framework for the transport the radioactive materials (the IAEA, IMO, ICAO and the UN Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods) will also be pursued with a view to feedback the industry experience of the regulations to these international regulatory organisations.

3. Transport security remains an important issue. It is important for the WNTI and its Members to monitor

the work of the Nuclear Industry Security Summit, in advance of the Nuclear Security Summit taking place in March 2014 in The Netherlands, which potentially may impact on our activities. Also of importance is the review of the Nuclear Security Recommendations Security in the Transport of Radioactive Material NSS-9.

4. For important areas of work, such as safety, security, emergency response and the adoption of best practice throughout the industry, the WNTI will coordinate the feedback of experience and lessons learnt from its industry membership in order to identify and promote the most effective way to operate radioactive transport activities within the regulatory regime. For that purpose, the WNTI will continue its programme of Workshops into 2014. A Workshop dedicated to communicating the safe transport of radioactive materials will take place in January. Further Workshops on nuclear liability and insurance for the transport of

radioactive materials and on nuclear transport security will take place during the first half of the year.

5. At a time when more and more countries will depend on the international packaging and transport of radioactive materials, it will be important to reinforce the WNTI’s global reputation as the leading authority and voice of the industry and that the record of the WNTI and its Members reflects this through participation in conferences and meetings, such as the Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, taking place in Vancouver, Canada in August 2014.

6. The WNTI membership will remain the primary resource for fulfilling these goals through industry-led Working Groups. These groups will consolidate the industry views on important issues and utilise the output to feed into the regulatory process, as guidance documents to promote best practice throughout the industry, or for public and media information, as appropriate. The

WNTI Members will be meeting in Sweden in June and in London in December to discuss important issues for our industry in dedicated Working Groups and the semi-annual Members Meetings.

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Photographs (left to right): Cylinders Mr. S. Isaksson, Senior Nuclear Security

Transport Officer from the IAEA with WNTI Secretary General

AGR fuel assembly inspection

All rights reserved. Copyright of images reproduced within this document are copyright to WNTI or the following organisations; please contact WNTI for usage enquiries. WNTI would particularly like to thank the following organisations for their images and support in producing this publication:

Antigua & Barbuda Department of Marine Services & Merchant Shipping AREVA BHP Billiton Ltd. Direct Rail Services Ltd. (DRS) Energy Resources of Australia Ltd. (RioTinto plc.) International Nuclear Services Ltd. (INS) Kyushu Electric Power Company (Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan) Magnox Limited Nuclear Fuel Transport Co., Ltd. (NFT) Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) - (Swedish Nuclear Fuel & Waste Management Co.) USEC Inc. Westinghouse Electric Company LLC

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W O R L D N U C L E A R T R A N S P O R T I N S T I T U T E

Head OfficeWorld Nuclear Transport InstituteRemo House310-312 Regent StreetLondonW1B 3AXUnited KingdomTel: +44 (0)20 7580 1144Fax: +44 (0)20 7580 5365Web: www.wnti.co.uk Email: wnti@wnti.co.uk

Tokyo OfficeWorld Nuclear Transport Institutec/o Overseas Reprocessing Committee11F Hibiya-Daibiru Building2-2 Uchisaiwai-cho, 1-chomeChiyoda-ku, TokyoJapanTel: +81 3 3591 0724Fax: +81 3 3591 0729

Washington OfficeWorld Nuclear Transport Institute1015 18th Street NWSuite 650Washington DC 20036USATel: +1 202 785 8101Fax: +1 202 785 8834

Australasian RepresentationRemo House 310-312 Regent Street London, W1B 3AXUnited KingdomTel: +61 43 883 0190Fax: +44 (0) 207 580 5365

Southern African RepresentationRemo House 310-312 Regent Street London, W1B 3AXUnited KingdomTel: +27 31 765 3783Fax: +44 (0) 207 580 5365

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